INVESTIGATION OF CANCER CELLS USING THIN LAYERS OF CADMIUM OXIDE (CdO)–DNA/RNA SANDWICHED COMPLEX COMPOSITE PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURE UNDER SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

Triptycene Barrelene Anthracene (TBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three benzene rings. The name TBA is a composite of phenyl and TBA. In its pure form, it is found in cigarette smoke and is a known irritant, photosensitizing skin and industrial carcinogenic wastewater. Cadmium Oxide (CdO) is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. It is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds. It crystallizes in a cubic rocksalt lattice-like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral monteponite. CdO can be found as a colorless amorphous powder or as brown or red crystals. CdO is an n-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.18 eV (2.31 eV) at room temperature (298 K). DNA/RNA, CdO and DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex was characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform–Infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X–Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray (EDAX) spectroscopy. The modified anti–cancer-protective membrane was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), EDAX analysis, 3D–Atomic–Force Microscopy (3D–AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and contact angle analyses and methods. The current study is aimed to use Polysorbate 80 as a surfactant for investigating the effectiveness of permeate TBA on the Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) anti–cancer-protective membrane and the effect of loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex on hydrophilicity and anti-cancer properties. The results showed decreasing surface pore size from 227 to 176 and increasing porosity from 101 to 111 with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex, and the permeate of anti–cancer-protective membrane increased from 80 to 220 (L/m2. hr. bar) with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex.

GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATED FLAVONOID MEDIATED COPPER NANOPARTICLES BY USING THESPESIA POPULNEA LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY

Objective: An Eco-friendly process of Green Synthesis of Copper Nano-particles (CuNPs) is an important aspect in the field of Nanotechnology using alternative feedstock, energy minimization, the design of less toxic and inherently safer chemicals. Methods: In this study, Copper Nano-Particles were synthesized by using isolated flavonoids to induce the reduction of Cu2+ions to CuNPs and also act as a capping and stabilizing agent. The solutions of CuSO4 and flavonoid were used as stock solutions for the preparation of CuNPs. Aqueous flavonoid(Quercetin) solution was mixed with CuSO4 solution separately. The reaction mixtures were immediately placed in a hot plate magnetic stirrer at 2000 rpm, 50-60 °C temperature and observed the change in colour of the solution from colourless to coloured solution. The synthesized CuNPs were characterized by various spectral methods for structural analysis of Nano-particles and In vitro and In vivo evaluation for anti-cancer activity. Results: The results described that the Copper Nano-particles are crystalline and amorphous with an average size of 295.4 nm and highly stable and having good hydrogen peroxide scavenging effect, reducing power and total antioxidant activity with the IC50value of 59.24μg/ml, 24.35μg/ml and16.83μg/ml respectively. The in vitro (HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines) anti-cancer activity showing good results with IC50 values of 57.56 µg/ml for HepG2 cell line and 56.41 µg/ml for MCF-7 cell line. The in vivo anti-cancer activity also showing good results.

INVESTIGATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY USE IN THE P2X TECHNOLOGY

Objective: The electricity-to-hydrogen technology can convert surplus renewable energy electric energy into chemical energy. Hydrogen plays an important role in transportation, power generation, and other fields. Therefore, developing electrochemical (P2X) technology for renewable energy consumption effectively solves renewable energy curtailment. Methods: The four aspects of market scale, technical route, energy conversion efficiency, and demonstration project progress are reviewed, and the energy efficiency of the four electrochemical technologies is compared, Power consumption, marginal electricity price, equivalent output, and market share five major technical and economic indicators. To analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of P2X in China, a literature review survey was conducted, relying on recent two-decade publications from four main publishers: Scopus, Springer, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis. Keywords were selected from the first-hand references based on their impact on P2X or related topics listed in the literature databases. The keywords as Power to X, Power to chemicals, PtX, and P2X were chosen according to their actual involvement or keen interest in P2X projects. Results: The research results based on the low-temperature electrolysis technology route show that the comprehensive energy efficiency of the electricity-to-methane and electricity-to-gasoline technologies is higher (50%); the electricity-to-gasoline technology is the most economical (marginal electricity price is 0.37 yuan/kWh), but the synthesis process requires carbon monoxide and carbon emissions, And the technical risk is high; the promotion of electricity to ammonia will have the greatest impact on the market (17.18%). Reducing coal consumption by about 22.85 million tons and the environmental protection significance of electricity-to-ammonia conversion (reducing carbon emissions by about 39.1 million tons) are two important directions for future electrochemical technology. Conclusion: Facing the development of P2X technology in the future, the plan and economics of the high-temperature electrical and chemical technology route based on high-temperature solid oxides were preliminary discussed and prospected.

SURFACTANT MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND CORONAVIRUS SURFACE: A SURFACE INTERACTION FOR COVID-19 TREATMENT AND VACCINATION

Generally, the structural components of infectious diseases causing viruses like coronavirus, Ebola virus, etc., are mainly focused on developing effective treatment and vaccines. Meanwhile, the spike proteins play a major role in knowing the profound way out to curtail the respective infectivity. S1 and S2 act as the two main subunits to render prime significance to reveal the interaction of surface-active agents in this context. Keeping in view the importance of surfactants in developing effective treatment and vaccine for the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19), this article describes the surface chemistry of this quest. The surface action being the main mode of infectivity can thus be halted by using surface-active compounds (surfactants). Therefore, this review emphasizes the sound role of surface action linked with COVID-19 treatment and vaccination.

MINI-REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICALS OF TEN FICUS SPECIES

The present work aimed to review ten species of Ficus which is belong to the Moraceae family. In total, 36 articles were reviewed by using the online search engine PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Ten species of Ficus were searched for phytochemicals documentation, which resulted in 250 secondary metabolites and 400 different compounds. Alkaloids compounds such as liriodenine and lysicamine, terpenes, steroids, and flavonoids were found to have anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and other biological activities. Most Ficus species contain secondary metabolites compounds with different types of application. This mini-review provides insights on Ficus’s phytochemical compounds and their importance as medicinal properties.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BOC-PROTECTED THIO-1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL DERIVATIVES

Objective: The objective of this work is to synthesis thio-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl derivatives for industrial applications. Methods: The synthesis was done by the reaction of (S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetic acid with ethanol-derived ethyl (S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetate. The reaction of ethyl (S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetate with Boc anhydride and hydrazine produces ethyl (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-phenylacetate. The intermediate 5-alkyl amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols have been isolated as stable compounds. Results: To study the characteristics of these compounds, they are subjected to 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and IR. These studies examine the chemical structure of synthesized compounds. The mass of the novel compounds was established with the help of the LCMS test. The structural and optical properties were examined by the powder XRD and photoluminescence spectrum respectively. Conclusion: The sharp intense peak in the powder XRD indicates the crystal nature of the sample. The values obtained from the LCMS test indicate that the compounds have good thermal stability. The absorption peak at 358 nm in the PL spectrum indicates that the sample can be used in photoelectronic devices.

AMINO ACID STATUS OF BOVINE MILK UNDER SEASONAL VARIATION AROUND SINGRAULI DISTRICT

Objective: The present work deals with the concerned study to determine the influence of variable season on amino acid evaluation from 90 bovine milk collected (March 2018 to February 2019) samples belongs to four tehsils of Singrauli district. Methods: An aliquot of hydrolysate of collected bovine milk samples were injected into the column (Shim-pack ISC-07/S1504 Na) of the higher performance liquid chromatography-based amino acid analyzer. Results: Most abundant amino acids were glutamic acid followed by proline and leucine. Average amino acid content comparison, results, in the rainy season, maximum amino acid content was in Deosar and minimum in Singrauli, In winter amino acid is higher in Waidhan and minimum in Deosar and maximum amino acid content was recorded intended for Waidhan and minimum for Deosar in summer. Concentration of amino acid in cow milk was found to be in order of glycine<histidine<alanine<methionine<isoleucine<phenylalanine<threonine<tyrosine<serine<lysine<valine and aspartic acid<arginine<leucine<proline<glutamic acid. Amino acid status in buffalo milk sample was found in order Glycine<histidine<methionine<alanine<phenylalanine<isoleucine<threonine<arginine<tyrosine<serine and lysine<aspartic acid<valine<leucine<proline<glutamic acid. All the amino acids are evaluated as per the mean (n = 6) mean±SD. Conclusion: It is concluded that cow and buffalo milk samples contained all the amino acids but differed in the contents of certain amino acids. Such variation is purely biological and genetic and is intended for the nourishment of the young. The current investigation would be valuable for the dairy processing industries to formulate nutritionally improved milk-based functional products for a vulnerable segment of the population.

MINI REVIEW: INSIGHTS ON INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS OF OMBITASVIR, PARITAPREVIR AND RITONAVIR

In this literature review, we will introduce most of the up-to-date reported methods that have been developed for the determination of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir and Ritonavir in their pure form, combined form with other drugs combined form with degradation products, and in biological samples. Most of reported methods includes spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods specially HPLC and HPTLC.

A VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM AND FENOFIBRATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

Objective: The present work deals with the development and validation of the absorbance ratio method for the estimation of rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Studied forced degradation characteristics of bulk and pharmaceutical formulation as per stability guidelines. Methods: The bulk and pharmaceutical formulation studied by the absorbance ratio method. It is the ratio of absorbances at two selected wavelengths. One wavelength is the isoabsorptive point and another wavelength is λ max of one of the components. From the overlay spectra of the two drugs, ROS and FEN showed the isoabsorptive point at 249.5 nm. The second wavelength used was 287 nm, which was the λ max of FEN. Results: The drugs obeyed Beer's law and showed a good correlation. The correlation coefficient for the ROS was 0.999 and for FEN 0.999. The RSD for intraday precision was 0.57 for ROS and 0.057 for FEN. The interday precision was 0.05 for ROS and 0.03for FEN, respectively. The detection limit and quantification limit were found to be 0.048 and 0.14 μg/ml for ROS and 0.069 and 0.21μg/ml for FEN, respectively. More degradation was found in acid hydrolysis and photostability degradation. Conclusion: A simple, precise, accurate, validated, stability-indicating method for simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation has been developed.

STABILITY-INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY REVERSE PHASE-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: The present work was focused on the development and validation of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, which is simple, rapid, precise, accurate, sensitive, economical, and stability-indicating for the quantification of rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and tablet formulation. Methods: The separation was attained on reversed-phase Princeton (C18) column with dimensions (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μ) employing buffer, which is a mixture of water (pH 3.0, adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) and methanol in the ratio (20:80) v/v as mobile phase, at flow rate 1.0 ml/min. and detection was carried out at wavelength 240 nm. The retention time under the optimized condition of rosuvastatin calcium was found to be 2.844 min. Results: The linearity of the method was demonstrated in the concentration range of 6-16 µg/ml for rosuvastatin calcium with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999. The percentage relative standard deviation was ˂2% and percentage recovery was found to be 100.12-101.37% for rosuvastatin calcium. The assay of marketed tablet formulations was found to be 98.99%. Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC technique was found to be simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, linear, accurate, precise, and economical and will be used for regular quality control of rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and tablet formulations.