Antibacterial Activities and Toxicity of Streptosporangium sp. SM1P

This study aims to explore the anti-bacterial and toxicity activities from a rare actinobacterium isolated from mangrove, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The mangrove mud sample from Mempawah district was inoculated on ISP4 agar using a pour plate method. After 4 days of incubation, a colony of suspected actinobacterium was appeared, then isolated and coded as SM1P. SM1P was characterized based on morphological and biochemical traits and identified as a genus of Streptroporangium then called Streptroporangium sp. SM1P. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was carried out anti-bacterial assay on both ISP1 agar and ISP4 agar media using the cross-streak method for the solid-state fermentation. The result showed that Streptroporangium sp. SM1P could inhibit Streptococcus sp. and Salmonella typhi on ISP1 agar and treptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi on ISP4 agar. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was cultivated on ISP1 broth and extracted using ethyl acetate, then evaporated to obtain crude extract. The crude extract was used for anti-bacterial assay (well-diffusion method for liquid-state fermentation) and toxicity assay (brine shrimp lethality test). The crude extract was active against 2 of the test bacteria (Streptococcus sp. and E. coli). The best medium and state fermentation for anti-bacterial assay were ISP4 agar with the condition of solid-state fermentation. The extract SM1P prepared on ISP1 broth showed toxic activity based on LC50 (106.094 µg/mL). Therefore, Streptroporangium sp. SM1P have a potential source to explore secondary metabolites having anti-bacterial and toxicity activities.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TOKAR SHA AGAINST ENTERIC BACTERIA

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 436-444

Author(s):

Sabiu Shitu ◽

M. Attahiru ◽

F. A. Iliya

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

North West ◽

E Coli ◽

Enteric Infections

The antibacterial activity of Tokar sha; a local traditional medication widely used by many people in North-west zone of Nigeria especially Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara against enteric infections were examined against some clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi) using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with the tokar sha concentrations and the organisms tested. The tokar sha was more effective on E. coli with a maximum zone of growth inhibition of 25mm at 35mg/ml followed by B. cereus (20mm). However, S. aureus and S. typhi were resistant to tokar sha at all concentrations tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were found to be 35mg/ml for both E. coli and B. cereus. The antibacterial activities exhibited by tokar sha in this study could be attributed to the presence of its constituents which signifies the potential of the tokar sha as a therapeutic agent. These findings may justify the ethnomedicinal use of tokar sha as an antibacterial agent against enterobacteria

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Synthesis of Cefixime and Azithromycin Nanoparticles: An Attempt to Enhance Their Antimicrobial Activity and Dissolution Rate

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2016/6909085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Farhat Ali Khan ◽

Muhammad Zahoor ◽

Noor Ul Islam ◽

Rabia Hameed

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

E Coli ◽

Antisolvent Precipitation ◽

C Decomposition

In this study cefixime and azithromycin nanoparticles were prepared by antisolvent precipitation with syringe pump (APSP) and evaporator precipitation nanosuspension (EPN) methods. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. X-ray diffraction pattern of cefixime samples showed the amorphous form, while azithromycin samples showed crystalline form. The FTIR spectra of parental drugs and synthesized nanoparticles have no major structural changes detected. The SEM images showed that nanoparticles of both drugs have submicron sized and nanosized particles. TGA analyses showed that above 30°C the decomposition of cefixime samples starts and their weight gradually decreases up to 600°C, while, in case of azithromycin, 30°C to 250°C, very small changes occur in weight; from above 250°C decomposition of the sample took place to a greater extent. The antibacterial activities of raw drugs and prepared samples of nanoparticles were determined againstStaphylococcus aureus,Shigella,E. coli, andSalmonella typhiby agar well diffusion method. Every time the nanoparticles samples showed better results than parental drugs. The dissolution rates of raw drugs and prepared nanoparticles were also determined. The results were always better for the synthesized nanoparticles than parental drug.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOAP MADE FROM ESSENTIAL OILS AND COMMERCIAL SOAP SOLD IN THE LEBANESE MARKET

Bacterial Empire ◽

10.36547/be.304 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e304

Author(s):

Candy GERGES ◽

Mohamad HADLA ◽

Michele ELIALI ◽

Martine RICHA ◽

Nour Mammari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Effective Measure ◽

E Coli ◽

Different Types ◽

Commercial Soap ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Thousands of people are dying as a result of infections caused by bacteria. Among the main routes of germ transmission are the hands, making hand hygiene very important in preventing the spread of pathogens and bacterial infection. Hand washing with soap and water is considered to be a simple and effective measure. Old soap manufacturers have long had traditional uses in the Lebanese community. Methods: The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of oil-based soaps with commercial soap sold in the Lebanese market. Different types of herbal soap and antiseptics have been used in this study. Four bacterial strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter Spp. The antibacterial activities of these soaps were determined by the diffusion method of disks in agar medium. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of zones of inhibition showed that S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter Spp. were sensitive only to traditional oil-based soaps, which are Sage, Rose Mary and Cedar. In addition, S. aureus showed sensitivity to soaps comprised of essential oils as well as antibacterial synthetic soap, Dettol and Lifebuoy. On the other hand, E. coli showed resistance to all soaps. Soaps comprised of natural essential oils have shown antibacterial activity superior to so-called “Antibacterial” soaps. Conclusion: Based on this study, we can say that the use of soaps with essential oils might be the best option due to their organic origin as well as their antibacterial proved activities.

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Phytochemical diversity and antimicrobial properties of methanol extract of several cultivars of Catharanthus roseus using GC-MS

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Samiyarsih ◽

NUR FITRIANTO ◽

ELLY PROKLAMASININGSIH ◽

JUWARNO ◽

JUNI SAFITRI MULJOWATI

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Dark Pink

Abstract. Samiyarsih S, Fitrianto N, Proklamasiningsih E, Juwarno, Muljowati JS. 2020. Phytochemical diversity and antimicrobial properties of methanol extract of several cultivars of Catharanthus roseus using GC-MS. Biodiversitas 21: 1332-1344. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G is an important medicinal plant to evaluate the possibility of novel pharmaceuticals since most of the bacterial pathogens are developing resistance against antibiotics. This research aimed to determine the phytochemical diversity of methanol extract of eight cultivars of C. roseus and to evaluate for possible antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial) activities. It is the first research to compare phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential among C. roseus cultivars. The compound obtained was screened by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. While agar-well disc diffusion method was employed to measure antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Based on GC-MS analysis, a total of 18 significantly different metabolite compounds. The abundances of phytochemical compounds (18 classes total) in each cultivar were Dark Pink (66%), Pink (50%), Purple Pink (44%), Pale Pink (27%), White (44%), Milky White (50%), Whitish pink (50%) and Pinkish Red (55%). The leaves extracts showed antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 6.40-22.00 mm and 3.35-8.20 mm, respectively. The best antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, A. flavus, and A. niger with the zone of inhibition 16.10±1.67 mm, 22.00±0.33 mm, 6.05±0.67 mm and 8.20±0.50 mm respectively by Dark Pink cultivar.

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UJI EFEKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JAMBU MONYET (Bellucia pentamera Naudin) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Salmonella typhi

Jurnal TENGKAWANG ◽

10.26418/jt.v9i1.33635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farid Priandi ◽

Fathul Yusro ◽

Farah Diba ◽

Yeni Mariani ◽

. Nurhaida

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Negative Effects ◽

E Coli ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

The People ◽

The Media

People still use plants as a medicine to overcome a disease, because it is easily to obtain and relatively does not provide significant negative effects. One of the plants utilized by the people is Bellucia pentamera Naudin (B. pentamera). Diarrhea and typhoid fever are diseases that often assault Indonesian people. The bacterias were used in this study were Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effectiveness of B. pentamera bark extracts against E. coli and S. typhi, by Kirby-Bauer diffusion method with PCA as the media. The highest extract concentration against E. coli is 400 mg/ml possess an inhibition of 20±1 mm, and towards S. typhi is 80 mg/ml which possess an inhibition of 24.67±0,58 mm.Keywords: Bellucia pentamera, Disc Diffussion, Efectiveness, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi.

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Extraction and Isolation of Compound from Roots of Kniphofia pumila, and Its Antibacterial Activities in Combination with Zinc Chloride

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2020.6163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 631-638

Author(s):

Dele ABDISSA ◽

Gezahegn FAYE ◽

Melkamu FAYERA ◽

Shiferaw DEMISSIE

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Pure Compound ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Isolated Compound

Kniphofia pumila has been traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases in Oromiya regional state, western part of Ethiopia. Thus, the main objective of this study was to extract bioactive natural products from the roots of K. pumila and perform in vitro antibacterial activity tests against selected pathogens. Extraction of compound from the roots of K. pumila was carried out by maceration method at room temperature and its antibacterial activity was done using agar disc diffusion method. The crude extracts alone and along with ZnCl2 were tested against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25722), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (DSM 19613), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25925) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 13311). Following its promising activity, the acetone crude extract that have shown better antibacterial activity was subjected to column chromatography for isolation of pure compound. Hence, one pure compound (GZ-1) was obtained from acetone crude extract. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activities of the isolated compound alone and in combination with ZnCl2 were also performed against all aforementioned bacterial strains. Then, isolated compound was characterized by using NMR spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and, 2D NMR, so as to establish its structure as 3’-acetyl-2’,6’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, trivial name knipholone. Finally, GZ-1 was isolated from the roots of K. pumila and it was noted that the antibacterial activities of ZnCl2 in combination with crude extract as well as with isolated compound against E. coli (ATCC 25722), S. aureus (ATCC 25925) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 13311) bacterial strains showed remarkable results which were greater than the antibacterial activity of the positive standard drug (gentamycin). To sum up, from the chromatographic isolation of roots acetone extract of K. pumila one pure compound (knipholone) was obtained. Its antibacterial activity was also evaluated in combination with ZnCl2 salt and alone.

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Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Halima Benachour ◽

Messaoud Ramdani ◽

Takia Lograda ◽

Pierre Chalard ◽

Gilles Figueredo

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Capparis Spinosa

Abstract. Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo J. 2020. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 161-169. The essential oils of Capparis spinosa L. collected from six locations in Algeria were obtained by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition of oils was performed by GC-MS. The disc diffusion method is applied for the antibacterial activity. The extraction produced low yield (0.03%). The result of chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) leads to the identification of 33 components; palmitic acid (38.19%), nonanal-n (12.61%), cymene-2,5-dimethoxy-para (8.94%) and octacosane (5.49%) were the major components of these oils. The result of cluster analysis based on essential oils constituents showed the presence of three chemotypes,i.e., the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Cymen 2,5 dimethoxy para-Dodecanal, the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Hexadecanoic acid-tetracosane and the chemotype Tetracosane-n-pentyl furane-2-octacosane. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of caper oils against nine bacterial species showed that the oils have no activity against E. coli and have modest activities against eight other bacterial species tested; however, the desirability test shows that the oils used were not effective on the bacteria tested.

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Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of 5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole and Its Oxime Derivative against ATCC Reference Strains and Strains Isolated from the Hospital Environment of a Provincial Public Hospital in the City of Fez

European Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research ◽

10.24018/ejchem.2021.2.2.54 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 16-24

Author(s):

Sara Hajib ◽

Mohamed Hssaini ◽

Anouar Alami ◽

Hicham Bekkari ◽

Najoua Benchemsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Tetrazole Derivatives ◽

Reference Strains

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants has become a real concern. The hospital presents a favorable environment for the colonization and development of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants. The search for new antimicrobial compounds is essential to combat this phenomenon. Tetrazole derivatives may represent a solution due to their interesting antibacterial activity. In this work, two tetrazole derivatives; thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (T2C) and 5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (5TPh-1HT), were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against a set of reference strains and strains isolated from the hospital environment. The antibacterial effect was studied by the disc diffusion method and by determination of MIC and MBC. The 5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (5TPh-1HT) has a broader spectrum of activity than its oxime derivative (T2C). The latter has bactericidal activity only on gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MICs ranging from 0.62 mg/ml to 2.5 mg/ml, while 5TPh-1HT has a bactericidal effect on all strains with MICs ranging from 0.62 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml. Both products have a significant inhibitory activity on the strains tested in particular E. coli H, S. aureus H, P. aeruginosa and Streptococcus spp A. It was found that these activities vary depending on the microbial strain tested and the product applied.

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EFFECT OF BOILING AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED PROCESSING ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF VITAMIN–C IN EMBLICA OFFICINALIS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i5.39780 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 102-105

Author(s):

PAYEL SUTRADHAR ◽

SHALINI GHOSH ◽

BINITA KUMARI ROY

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Active Form ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Emblica Officinalis ◽

E Coli ◽

Microwave Assisted

Objective: The present work aimed to expand the awareness of restoring vitamin-C in its active form on different heat exposures. The effect of microwave-assisted processing and boiling of the aqueous crude extract of citrus fruit Emblica officinalis (amla) has been correlated with its antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli. Methods: The aqueous crude extract of dried amla pulp exposed to microwave radiation(600W,5 min) and boiling (5 min) were titrimetrically estimated for vitamin-C content by DCPIP-(2,6, Dinitrophenol indophenol) method and compared the same with the untreated sample. These three samples were studied for their effect on the growth pattern of E. coli turbidimetrically. The antimicrobial susceptibility test by agar cup well diffusion method was further followed to measure the zone of inhibitions (ZOI) for these three test extracts against E. coli. Results: The total estimated vitamin-C content was 26.76 mg/100g, 25.35 mg/100g and 21.12 mg/100g in the untreated extract (UTE), microwaved extract (MWE) and boiled extract (BE) respectively. At a higher concentration (0.8 mg/ml), the UTE showed a greater ZOI of 20 mm and a comparable ZOI of 18 mm for the MWE against E. coli. In addition, a reduced ZOI of 10 mm was recorded in case of the BE. At a lowest concentration (0.05 mg/ml), the UTE inhibited the growth with a least ZOI of 7 mm, whereas no inhibition zones were detected for MWE and BE at this concentration. Conclusion: The present investigation demonstrated the effect of boiling and microwave-assisted processing on the content of bioactive vitamin-C and its antimicrobial activity. The DCPIP method calculated a more vitamin-C retention in the MWE than the BE. As the boiling method destroyed the vitamin more rapidly, a higher growth rate of E. coli was measured in the presence of BE than the UTE and MWE. In addition, the antimicrobial assay also showed a least inhibitory effect against E. coli in the presence of the BE. A moderate inhibitory effect for MWE was also detected. Thus the present investigation proved that the boiling process destroys vitamin-C present in a food sample to a higher extent than the microwave-assisted processing.

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Antibacterial Activity of Liverworts of Dumortiera hirsute (Sw.) Nees Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria

BERKALA SAINSTEK ◽

10.19184/bst.v9i2.22645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Luthfiah Luthfiah ◽

Dwi Setyati ◽

Sattya Arimurti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Dumortiera hirsuta is one of the liverworts that can be used as a medicinal to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. The content of secondary metabolites of D. hirsuta has potential as antibacterial properties includes flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. This research is to analyze the antibacterial activity of moss D. hirsuta against pathogenic bacteria that will be beneficial to humans. Liverworts of D. hirsuta were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent and tested against three types of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well-diffusion method. The results of this study indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta at 100% concentration could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The range of antibacterial activity categories of the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta to E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi between weak to moderate.

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