scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Feces of Bali Cattle With Reproductive Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Kholik Kholik ◽  
Muhammad Munawaroh ◽  
Muhammad Rama Imam Saputra ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Pudji Srianto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cattle Feces ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Bali Cattle

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global issue in animal, human and environmental health. The AMR profile of Escherichia coli reflects the use of antibiotics in production animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the feces of female Bali cattle with reproductive disorders. Feces samples were taken purposively using a swab on 4 rectums from 7 Bali cattle with reproductive disorders in June 2021 in Lando Village, East Lombok Regency. Escherichia coli samples were isolated on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media and identified by biochemical tests. An antibiotic resistance test against Escherichia coli was carried out by the disk diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the test were Penicillin G 10 U, Oxytetracycline 30 g, Gentamicin 10 g, and Tetracycline 30 g, and Cefotaxime 30 g. The results of planting on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media obtained 4 Escherichia coli which were successfully isolated from 4 samples of Bali cattle feces. Data on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility level to various antibiotics were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the susceptibility test to antibiotics showed that 4 samples of Escherichia coli (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, (25%) were resistant to Oxytetracycline, (25%) were resistant to Cefotaxime, and (100%) samples of Escherichia coli were sensitive to Gentamicin and Tetracycline. The chi-square test on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility to various antibiotics was significant with p˂ 0.05 (p-value = 0.012). The results of this study have shown that Escherichia coli from Bali cattle feces experience multidrug resistance which later on might have an impact on human health and the environment.

scholarly journals ESBL Activity, MDR, and Carbapenem Resistance among Predominant Enterobacterales Isolated in 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Altaf Bandy ◽  
Bilal Tantry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Resistance Rates

Antimicrobial-resistance in Enterobacterales is a serious concern in Saudi Arabia. The present study retrospectively analyzed the antibiograms of Enterobacterales identified from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 from a referral hospital in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. The revised document of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CR-2015 and Magiorakos et al.’s document were used to define carbapenem resistance and classify resistant bacteria, respectively. The association of carbapenem resistance, MDR, and ESBL with various sociodemographic characteristics was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratios. In total, 617 Enterobacterales were identified. The predominant (n = 533 (86.4%)) isolates consisted of 232 (37.6%), 200 (32.4%), and 101 (16.4%) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. In general, 432 (81.0%) and 128 (24.0%) isolates were of MDR and ESBL, respectively. The MDR strains were recovered in higher frequency from intensive care units (OR = 3.24 (1.78–5.91); p < 0.01). E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance rates to imipenem (2.55 (1.21–5.37); p < 0.01) and meropenem (2.18 (1.01–4.67); p < 0.04), respectively, were significantly higher in winter. The data emphasize that MDR isolates among Enterobacterales are highly prevalent. The studied Enterobacterales exhibited seasonal variation in antimicrobial resistance rates towards carbapenems and ESBL activity.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Lake Nainital, Uttarakhand State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Giri ◽  
Anchal Lodhi ◽  
Devendra Singh Bisht ◽  
Suvarna Bhoj ◽  
Deepak Kumar Arya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Collection Sites

Researchers have encountered new challenges with the discovery of multiple drug resistance in microbes. Currently, multidrug resistant bacteria are considered a major public health concern and an emerging global epidemic. Presence of Escherichia coli in water is used as a faecal pollution measure. In this study E. coli isolates were collected from 20 sample collection sites at Lake Nainital. 20 E. coli isolates, 1 from each sample collection sites, were examined for their antibiotic response patterns against a panel of widely used 15 antibiotics. The result of this study showed 100% resistance to Penicillin G followed by Erythromycin (80%). All isolates (100%) were found susceptible for Gentamycin. The susceptibilities for Chloramphenicol and Co-trimoxazaole were found next to Gentamycin as 90 and 85% respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was also determined. 0.73 MAR index was observed as highest in 1 isolate. 13 out of 20 isolates had more than 0.2 MAR indices. The result reveals the origin of E. coli isolates from an area of high antibiotics use.

Comparison of Agar Media for Detection and Quantification of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Cattle Feces

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZACHARY R. STROMBERG ◽  
GENTRY L. LEWIS ◽  
RODNEY A. MOXLEY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Potassium Tellurite ◽  
Cattle Feces ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Optimal Medium ◽  
Bovine Feces ◽  
Detection And Quantification ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The isolation and quantification of non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from cattle feces are challenging. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of selected agar media in an attempt to identify an optimal medium for the detection and quantification of non-O157 STEC in cattle feces. Comparison studies were performed using CHROMagar STEC, Possé differential agar (Possé), Possé modified by the reduction or addition of antimicrobials, STEC heart infusion washed blood agar with mitomycin C (SHIBAM), and SHIBAM modified by the addition of antimicrobials. Fourteen STEC strains, two each belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, were used to test detection in inoculated fecal suspensions at concentrations of 102 or 103 CFU/g. One STEC strain from each of these seven serogroups was used to estimate the concentration of recovered STEC in feces inoculated at 103, 104, or 105 CFU/g. Significantly more suspensions (P &lt; 0.05) were positive for STEC when plated on Possé containing reduced concentrations of novobiocin and potassium tellurite compared with SHIBAM, but not SHIBAM modified by containing these same antimicrobials at the same concentrations. Numerically, more suspensions were positive for STEC by using this same form of modified Possé compared with Possé, but this difference was not statistically significant. More suspensions were positive for STEC cultured on CHROMagar STEC compared with those on Possé (P &lt; 0.05) and on modified Possé (P = 0.05). Most inoculated fecal suspensions below 104 CFU/g of feces were underestimated or not quantifiable for the concentration of STEC by using CHROMagar STEC or modified Possé. These results suggest that CHROMagar STEC performs better than Possé or SHIBAM for detection of STEC in bovine feces, but adjustments in the concentrations of novobiocin and potassium tellurite in the latter two media result in significant improvements in their performance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and usage, a survey on the knowledge, attitude and practices among the medical students of a southern Indian teaching hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Swathi Ratnam Regidi ◽  
Billa S. B. Mallika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Examining the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the medical students regarding antibiotic resistance (ABR) and use can help us in devising suitable educational interventions for them, tailored according to their earlier held knowledge, beliefs, capabilities and experience.Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based survey was conducted among medical students of a teaching hospital, whereby their KAP regarding antibiotic use and resistance was assessed by using a questionnaire, whose responses ranged from ‘agree’ to ‘disagree,’ ‘always to never’ and true / false. The data was analysed by using simple descriptive statistics. Wherever it was relevant, the Chi-square test was used to determine any significant difference.Results: The number of medical students who agreed that ABR was an important and a serious public health issue in this teaching hospital was 76 percent (n = 325). But, only 54.3% (n = 233) of the students were aware that bacteria were not responsible for causing cold and flu, while the remaining 37.2 percent (n = 22) were not knowledgeable about this fact. More than 80% rated the adverse effect profile of the antibiotic and the risk of a super infection as the important factors which deserved consideration. Cost of the antibiotic was considered to be an important factor deserving consideration by only 65.5% (n=277) of the participants.Conclusions: Our survey revealed that most of the students were aware of the antimicrobial resistance and its consequences. The only concern was their casual attitude regarding the antibiotic use. Further educational interventions are necessary to improve their understanding and perceptions on antibiotic resistance, as well as their attitude towards antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Antibiotics usage, how well we know it? KAP survey among the dentist population in Mumbai

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Amisha N. Parekh ◽  
Karthik Balasubramanian ◽  
Purvi Bhate ◽  
Dheeraj D. Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Background: There is a rising concern for antibiotic resistance worldwide, the primary cause of which is overuse and misuse. This study primarily aimed at assessing the knowledge of dental practitioners regarding the current guidelines on use of antibiotics and to identify the shortcomings if any.Methods: Present study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted amongst 450 dental practitioners across Mumbai with the help of a self-designed questionnaire. The data was entered into excel sheets and appropriate statistical analysis was done with chi-square test using SPSS version 20.Results: The present study had a response rate of 95%. For the total percentage of patients examined each day that required systemic antibiotics, 36.9% (153) dentists answered 0-5%, followed by 25.3% (105) answered 10-15%. 76.1% (316) dentists came across patients who had self-prescribed antibiotics. 66% (274) dentists had never advised an antibiotic sensitivity/ culture test for their patients. 51.3% (213) dentists came across patients who did not respond to antibiotics. 87.2% (363) dentists were not aware about the ‘AWaRe’ classification of antibiotics given by WHO. 93.3% (383) dentists did not know about antimicrobial stewardship concept.Conclusions: The present study reflected antibiotic overuse and misuse to a certain extent by dental practitioners across Mumbai. Most dentists were unaware about ‘AWaRe’ classification and antimicrobial stewardship. Patient education on ill effects of self-prescription of antibiotics, identification of traits of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic culture tests needs to be prioritized by dentists.

scholarly journals STIMULASI TITIK REPRODUKSI DENGAN LASERPUNKTUR SEMIKONDUKTOR TERHADAP PENAMPILAN BIRAHI SAPI BALI (Bos sondaicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanifah Khairun Nisa ◽  
Budiarto Budiarto ◽  
Tatang Santanu Adikara ◽  
Herry Agoes Hermadi ◽  
Soeharsono Soeharsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Stimulation Of

This research to know the stimulation of reproduction point with a semiconductor laserpuncture to estrous synchronization of Bali Cattle was conducted in Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong Grati-Pasuruan, East Java. Estrous synchronization is a technique to get the sign of estrous and ovulation (estrous outside of estrous cycle) to be easier to detect estrous, synchronization of breeding, and shorter of calving interval. Laserpuncture was applied on 8 head bali cattles at 14 reproduction acupuncture points, 10 second for each point, 3 times frequency with interval 1 day (20-24 times). The variabel of this assessment were respons and signs of estrous, synchronized of estrous with Chi square test and T-test method. Result showed that there was significant correlation between semiconductor laserpuncture with estrous synchronization (p < 0,05). The result of assessment 8 (100%) head bali cattle was estrous. The respons of estrous appeared 1 head (12,5%) on 5th day (4th day post laserpuncture), 4 head (50%) on 6th day (5th day post laserpuncture) 1 head (12,5) on 8th day (7th day post laserpuncture), and 2 head (25%) on 10th day (9th day post laserpuncture). This result showed that semi conductor laserpuncture technology was effective to stimulate estrous synchronization and resulting ovulation, with the evidence that conception was occurred.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of sausage in Algeria: Prevalence, quality assessment, and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and the risk factors associated with consumer habits affecting foodborne poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1240-1250
Author(s):  
Amina Hachemi ◽  
Safia Zenia ◽  
Mohamed Fatih Denia ◽  
Meryem Guessoum ◽  
Mohamed Mehdi Hachemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square

Aim: The first aim was to assess the quality and determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus contamination of raw sausage sold in ten municipalities in the Northeast of Algeria. Second, a consumer sausage purchasing survey was designed to investigate potential risk factors that have a significant association with the occurrence of foodborne poisoning among sausage consumers' behavior and its relationship with independent variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 230 butcheries from ten departments (Daira) of Algiers with more than 40 municipalities were included randomly in these studies to collect raw sausage samples and to distribute 700 structured questionnaires to meat consumers. Our two studies were conducted at the same time, between June 2016 and April 2018. Sausage samples were taken once per butchery to estimate the prevalence of S. aureus contamination and therefore deduct the quality assessment of raw sausage (Merguez) sold in Algiers, Algeria. All isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, questionnaires were distributed and used to collect information on various aspects of sausage consumption and foodborne disease. The data collected were analyzed with different statistical approaches, such as the Chi-square test and the odds ratio (OR) univariable logistic model. All the risk factors were analyzed by studying their association with the occurrence of consumers who claimed to have food poisoning after consuming sausage. Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus contamination from sausages was 25.22% (n=58/230). Over 83.33% of strains showed resistance to at least one of the antibiotics tested. The most important was for tetracycline (58%) followed by fosfomycin (33%), penicillin G (25%), and oxacillin (36%). Moreover, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index include 20 profiles with MAR >0.2. Out of the 440 meat consumers, 22.16% revealed having food poisoning after sausage consumption. The risk factors recorded were: Consumption outside of home (24.30%, OR=1.769, p=0.040), during the summer season (24.30%, OR=1.159) and during lunch (26.50%, OR=1.421). Conclusion: Our study highlights a high prevalence of S. aureus contamination in Merguez, especially in some departments of Algiers, and the high multidrug resistance of S. aureus isolates against tetracycline and oxacillin; thus, S. aureus contamination in sausage is considered a potential risk to public health. Therefore, to reduce and prevent the spread of resistant strains, robust management and monitoring of antibiotic use should be established. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sanitation conditions and education regarding personal hygiene and change certain consumption habits of Algerian consumers to ensure food safety. Finally, it can be concluded that the application of the HACCP system is essential either in butcheries producing sausage and/or slaughterhouses. From this perspective, studies might be performed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus to investigate their virulence factors. Keywords: consumers, quality assessment, risk factors, sausages, Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals The most common health disorders and welfare of dairy cows and calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560
Author(s):  
B. Stankovic ◽  
S. Hristov ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Z. Zlatanovic ◽  
Lj. Samolovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
On Farm

Three farms of dairy cows (A, B and C) were observed for health disorders of dairy cows and suckling calves. Farm A is farm with tied system of rearing, with 1100 cows, while farms B and C have 400 and 600 cows kept loose with outdoor pens, respectively. Data regarding welfare criteria of dairy cows (health, feeding, housing and behaviour) were collected and analysed through Protocol of Welfare Quality (2009). Health disorders of dairy cows and suckling calves were collected and statistically analysed by chi-square test (?2 test). Welfare of all of three dairy farms were assessed as acceptable, meaning that provided welfare conditions meet the minimum requirements of animals. Principle of provision of good health was rated as acceptable (?20 points) on farm A, while on farms with loose system (B and C) overall health rated as excellent (?80 points). Occurrence rate of reproductive, locomotor, skin and claws disorders and digestive and systemic disorders of dairy cows and calves up to 4 months old were very different between three farms (A, B, C) with ?2-values of 2901.71, 252.02, 204.08, 1152.31 and 184.23 respectively; ?<0.01). According presented data, it is obvious that the majority health problems were observed in tied system of rearing, on farm A, such as reproductive disorders and mastitis, as well as injuries and bad body score and lame cows. The most serious health problems of the calves were diarrhea and bronchopneumonia of different etiology.

scholarly journals The pattern of antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from urine cultures of patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory in 2012-2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2271-2278
Author(s):  
Mahmood Vakili ◽  
Zaher Khazaei ◽  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Hamed Poorrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second leading cause of infection in communities. Determination of antibiotic resistance in common pathogenic bacteria is important to choose an effective treatment against a particular microbe. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from urine cultures of patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory (located in Yazd, Iran). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on subjects who were referred to the Central Laboratory in Yazd for urine culture testing. The data was collected from all positive urine cultures. A frequency distribution table was used for descriptive statistics; Chi-square test was used to compare subgroups. Data were analyzed using Stata software version 12 (Stata Corp LP, College Station, Texas). Results: A total of 2014 samples of positive urine cultures were obtained during 2012-2013. Of these, 1875 (88.6%) samples were from females and 229 (11.4%) samples were from males. The prevalence of infection was most common in the age group of 50 years or older, with 594 (29.5%) cases. E. coli and Klebsiella represented 68% and 10.2% of the cases, respectively; these bacterial strains were the most prevalent in patients. The strongest antibiotic resistance in patients was towards the antibiotic ampicillin. For most of the antibiotics, the antibiotic resistance was significantly greater in males compared to females (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resistance to antibiotics in all investigated bacteria strains was common. For both sexes, the highest antibiotic resistance occurred in patients less than 50 years of age; the resistance was towards ampicillin. For the group over 50 years of age, the greatest antibiotic resistance was towards ceftizoxime. The subject of antibiotic resistance, therefore, should be studied in further detail since antibiotic resistance has great impact on health issues, such as UTIs.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Patterns Associated with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alreem Johar ◽  
Najlaa Al-Thani ◽  
Sara Al-Hadidi ◽  
Elyes Dlissi ◽  
Mahmoud Mahoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Special Programs

Introduction: Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the contributing agent behind the avian infectious disease colibacillosis, which causes substantial fatalities in poultry industries that significantly impact the economy and food safety. Several virulence genes have been shown to be concomitant with the extra-intestinal survival of APEC. This study investigates the antibiotic resistance patterns and APEC‐associated virulence genes content in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from non‐healthy and healthy broiler chickens from a commercial poultry farm in Qatar. Material and Methods: 158 E. coli strains were isolated from 47 chickens from five different organs (air sac, cloacal, kidney, liver, and trachea). Genomic DNA was extracted from E. coli using the QIAamp Pathogen Mini Kit. Multiplex PCR was executed to detect tsh, iucD, ompT, hlyF, iroN, iss, vat, cvi/cva genes associated with PPEC. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk and E-test. Amplified virulence genes detected were sequenced and analyzed. Graph Pad version 8 and PAST software version 4.03 were used for statistical and clustering analysis. The chi-square test was performed on all data to compare the antibiotic resistance and virulence gene patterns between non-healthy and healthy chicken samples Results: 65% of the isolated bacteria were APEC strains containing five or more virulence genes, and 34% were non‐pathogenic E. coli (NPEC) strains. The genes ompT, hlyF, iroN, tsh, vat, iss, cvi/cva, and iucD were significantly prevalent in all APEC strains. E. coli isolates showed 96% resistance to at least one of the 18 antibiotics, with high resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and fosfomycin. Conclusions: Our findings indicate high antibiotic resistance prevalence in non-healthy and healthy chicken carcasses. Such resistant E. coli can spread to humans. Hence, special programs are required to monitor the use of antibiotics in chicken production in Qatar.

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