Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Semispherical Solar Still, Chamber Stepwise Basin, with and without a PV Powered Electrical Heater

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Safa M Aldarabseh ◽  
Salah Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Electrical Heater ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Solar Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
Mathcad Software

Abstract The world's need for drinkable water is increasing with a growing population. The desalination process using solar energy is the cheapest and most straightforward method that can be used to generate pure water from saline water by utilizing energy from the sun's free heat source. A semispherical and chamber stepwise basin solar still with an inclined glass cover, with and without PV powered electrical heaters as another power source can increase the rate of evaporation of saline water, thus increasing the productivity of semispherical solar still. In this investigation, a conventional solar still and semispherical solar still with and without PV-powered electrical heaters were invented and worked in parallel with the experimental setup to make a good comparison between these models. The experimental results show that stepped semispherical with PV-powered electrical heater and without PV-powered electrical heater solar stills enhanced the productivity of freshwater from a conventional solar still by 156.6% and 72.5%, respectively. The theoretically simulated model is obtained using Mathcad software, and is compared with experimental results. Semispherical solar still productivity increases with increased solar intensity and with a PV-powered electrical heater as an additional power source. The theoretical results concluded from the mathematical model are in good agreement with experimental results.

scholarly journals Factorial design of experiment (DOE) for modeling solar still parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Al-Abed Allah ◽  
Mohammad Abu Abbas ◽  
Moath Maqableh
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Basin Area

Abstract. Water scarcity is a major threat to the future due to the fact that the pollution rate of freshwater resources is getting increased rapidly. At the same time, the level of water usage is dramatically increased. Hence, to fulfill the water demand, converting the brackish, saline water into pure water is one of the viable solutions. Desalination using solar still is a simple technique among various techniques available for salinity removal. Researchers have consistently attempted to improve the performance of solar stills due to poor productivity. This article highlights various factors that have an impact on the performance of the solar still such as solar radiation, basin area, saline water depth, insulation material, the thickness of glass cover, and wind speed. In order to achieve high performance via optimization of the effected parameters required for solar still, the design of experiments (DOE) can determine the most effective parameters and eliminate the least important ones. Moreover, solar still is often complex and time-consuming due to the various parameters that must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, this research focuses on reducing the computing time and determines the most significant parameters of the solar still, such as Basin area, saline water depth, and solar radiation. The theoretical results demonstrate that the most important factor that affects solar still productivity is basin area, saline water depth, and solar radiation respectively. While the insulation thermal conductivity, ambient temperature, and glass thickness have no effect on the performance of still.

A Review on Methods of Productivity Improvement in Solar Desalination

2018 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 414-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dhivagar ◽  
S. Sundararaj
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Evaporation And Condensation ◽  
Solar Desalination

Population density and automation is the main reason for the demand of drinking water. Water purification without affecting an ecosystem is the important need for daily life. Desalination is the best and effective way to satisfy the demand of fresh water. It is the most effective application of the solar energy. There are many conventional and non-conventional techniques available to make drinking water from the saline water. Among these solar desalination proves to be both economical and eco-friendly system particularly for rural areas. Solar stills are simple device which is used to provide pure water from the saline water by the principle of evaporation and condensation. This article reviews on the several research done on the solar stills to enhance productivity. Different designs of solar still and energy storage materials have been used to increase the yield and also this study proved the fact that efficiency of the solar still is majorly influenced by design and operating parameters.

Novel Concept on the Enhancement of Conventional Solar Still Performance via Constant Heat Rate Supply to the Saline Water 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Maghlany ◽  
enass massoud ◽  
mohamed Elhelw
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Solar Intensity ◽  
Novel Concept

Abstract One of most reduction reasons of simple conventional solar still productivity is the coupling between high solar intensity and the high ambient temperature in the same time. The high intensity increases the saline water temperature while the outside temperature increases the glass temperature and consequently reduction in saline water and glass temperature difference leads to reduction in condensation and productivity. The present theoretical study focuses on the completion of the absorbed solar energy in the basin to be constant during the day. The basin water will be in high temperature level all day especially at the time of low outside temperature far away the noon. The absorbed heat in the basin is held constant at αw Imax by extra heat from wind turbine power with battery storage system all day hours. The results show that, the solar still productivity with constant heat supply is more than that with same amount of variable energy during sun rise time only (6 AM to 6 PM) by 69.133 %. So, constant absorbed heat in the water basin (αw Imax) through the 24 hr of the day enhances the performance with productivity up to 248 % with the hybrid solar and electric power consumption of the wind turbine power. The water in the basin is held constant at 2 cm via makeup water to compensate the evaporation rate.

Experimental Study on the Specific Heat Capacity Measurement of Water-Based Al2O3-Cu Hybrid Nanofluid by using Differential Thermal Analysis Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andaç Batur Çolak ◽  
Oğuzhan Yıldız ◽  
Mustafa Bayrak ◽  
Ali Celen ◽  
Ahmet Selim Dalkılıç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Heat Capacity Measurement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Capacity Measurement

Background: Researchers working in the field of nanofluid have done many studies on the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Among these studies, the number of studies on specific heat are rather limited. In the study of the heat transfer performance of nanofluids, it is necessary to increase the number of specific heat studies, whose subject is one of the important thermophysical properties. Objective: The authors aimed to measure the specific heat values of Al2O3/water, Cu/water nanofluids and Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluids using the DTA method, and compare the results with those frequently used in the literature. In addition, this study focuses on the effect of temperature and volume concentration on specific heat. Method: The two-step method was used in the preparation of nanofluids. The pure water selected as the base fluid was mixed with the Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles and Arabic Gum as the surfactant, firstly mixed in the magnetic stirrer for half an hour. It was then homogenized for 6 hours in the ultrasonic homogenizer. Results: After the experiments, the specific heat of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid were compared and the temperature and volume concentration of specific heat were investigated. Then, the experimental results obtained for all three fluids were compared with the two frequently used correlations in the literature. Conclusion: Specific heat capacity increased with increasing temperature, and decreased with increasing volume concentration for three tested nanofluids. Cu/water has the lowest specific heat capacity among all tested fluids. Experimental specific heat capacity measurement results are compared by using the models developed by Pak and Cho and Xuan and Roetzel. According to experimental results, these correlations can predict experimental results within the range of ±1%.

Experimental investigation of a pyramid type solar still with porous material: productivity assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Yarramsetty ◽  
Naveen Sharma ◽  
Modumudi Lakshmi Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Porous Material ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Absorber Plate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Clay Pots

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of porous material (clay pots) and it is facing on the productivity performance of a pyramid type solar still. The clay pots are placed in the basin facing up and facing down. The numbers of clay pots considered were 9 and 25, and its performance was compared with normal (0 clay pots) solar still. Design/methodology/approach The pyramid solar water distillation system has been designed, fabricated and tested under the actual environmental conditions of Kanchikacherla (16.6834 0N, 80.3904 0E), Andhra Pradesh, India. The solar still is used to produce the fresh water and hot water simultaneously from the brackish (i.e. containing dissolved salts) feed water for domestic applications. From open literature, it was established that the rate of evaporation is higher when the flowing water is held for a longer duration on the black color absorber plate, thereby leading to an increase in productivity of freshwater. Therefore, the pyramid solar still has been tested for smooth absorber plate and the absorber plate with porous heat storage material. Findings The porous material increases the production rate of freshwater compared to a base plate. However, the pyramid still with clay pots has higher productivity at a lower temperature because of the porosity effect. Originality/value The total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and pH of the distilled water and the saline water have also been measured and compared.

Enhancement the Solar Still Performance Using Chimney Exhaust Gases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Kutta Method ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Abstract In this paper, a theoretical study is presented on enhancement of the solar still performance by using the exhaust gases passing inside a chimney under the still basin. The impact of the exhaust gases temperature on the solar still temperature, productivity, and efficiency are considered. The performance of solar still with chimney is compared with that of conventional solar still. The study is carried out under the hot and climate conditions of Upper Egypt. A complete transient mathematical model of the physical model including the solar still regions temperatures, productivity, and heat transfer between the solar still and the exhaust gases are constructed. The mathematical model is solved numerically by using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and is programmed by using MATLAB. The mathematical model is validated using an experimental work. The results show that the solar still saline water temperature increases and productivity with using and rising the exhaust gases. Furthermore, the impact of using exhaust gases on the still performance in winter is greater than in summer. using chimney exhaust gases at 75 °C and 125 °C enhances the daily freshwater yield of the conventional still by more than three times and about six times in winter, respectively, and about two and half times and more than three times in summer, respectively.

scholarly journals A Review of New Solar Still Design Comprising a Five-Sided Glass Cover and Equipped with an External Tank for PCM

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
Abbas Sahi Shareef ◽  
Hayder Jabbar Kurji ◽  
Hassan Abdulameer Matrood
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Change Material

Abstract Various human activities have led to the consumption of large quantities of pure water, which has led researchers to find efficient and economical methods for desalinating seawater and water containing impurities. In this review paper, solar energy where it is permanent, abundant and environmentally friendly, to produce pure water was discussed using a new solar distillation device, representing the paper’s novelty. The distillation was designed and used in the way led to increase efficiency and improve productivity by adding a solar collector to the system and equipped with a tank containing phase change material (PCM). It has a low melting point and can change the phase by absorbing the system’s latent heat to maintain the system’s temperature. Which contributes to increasing the distillation period even after sunset, thus increasing the daily productivity of freshwater. Using phase change materials will increase distillation hours from (3-4) hours after sunset, increasing the amount of production between (75 - 90) %.

scholarly journals Optimization Study of Tilt Angle for Single Slope Solar Still

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Onkar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Copper Sheet ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
Effective Design

Water is essential to life. The origin and continuation of mankind is based on water. The supply of drinking water is an important problem for the developing countries. The wooden box has a thickness of 8mm. It consists of a top cover of transparent glass with a tilt of 18°, 26° and is coated with black paint to absorb the maximum possible solar energy. The yield of the single basin solar still is very less and it increases considerably when the solar still was built with copper sheet. An analysis of single slope solar still has done on different tilt angle to optimizing study of tilt angle. They greatly improve the rate of evaporation and the rate of condensation on the cooler surface. The efficiency is higher for solar still made up of copper sheet and its output we have got 1.24 for 18° angle. The optimized tilt angle gave more efficiency than other tilt angle. The optimize water depth is 18mm for 18° angle. This cost-effective design is expected to provide the rural communities an efficient way to convert the brackish water in to potable water.

Biomimetic Membrane Simulation for Water Desalination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ozaveshe Oviroh ◽  
Rokhsareh Akbarzadeh ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Nanoporous Membranes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biomimetic Membrane ◽  
Low Efficiency

Reverse Osmosis (RO) for the desalination of saline water is associated with tremendous energy costs and low efficiency. Improvements in nanotechnology have led to the development of a variety of nanoporous membranes for water purification. Biomimetic membrane is an emerging new technology for water purification. Consequently, there is still much to study about the function and structure of these kinds of membranes. The purpose of this work was to determine which factors influence membrane performance. The focus was on those factors affecting membranes in pure water. Biomimetic membrane using MoS2 which has a higher rate of ion rejection and higher water permeability was studied through molecular dynamics simulations using reactive force fields (ReaxFF). The behaviour of the membrane before subjecting it to desalination was studied. The effect of water temperature, atmospheric pressure and membrane thickness on performance of membrane was studied. The permeability flux was calculated and compared in different conditions and the relation between these factors was revealed.

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