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An Authoritarian Course: The Restriction of Civil Rights in Russia after 2012 This article regards the issue of Russian civil rights legislation, which has become very repressive after 2012. It focuses on legal restriction of all political and social activities that are beyond the control of the authorities, in particular the freedom of public meetings. Another goal of the Kremlin's repressive policy is the Internet, which has become the only space for freedom of speech in Russia. The new legislation tries to prevent this by two mechanisms: censorship and self-censorship. The consistent restriction of freedom of speech in Russia proves the growing anxiety of the ruling group, which fears that in the conditions of the deteriorating economic situation, it may lose control over public mood. The analysis of the legislation against civil rights in Russia shows that in recent years the scope of these rights has been constantly reduced. This leads to the conclusion that the main goal of the discussed changes in the law is the complete elimination of independent civic activity perceived as one of the main threats to the authorities.

Гражданско образование и активност на студентите – между формалното и неформалното (във и извън аудитория) – педагогически паралели и проекции

The article aims to present the results of a study with students, dedicated to the connections and dependencies between formal and non-formal education. On the basis of the research, intersections and complementarities and discrepancies and deficits are outlined; the genesis of civic culture in the subjects; the challenges facing civic education and the connection between formal and nonformal education, incl. with a focus on real civic activity of students

TRANSFORMATION OF CIVIC ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE YAROSLAVL REGION)

В статье рассматриваются отдельные аспекты трансформации гражданской активности в условиях развития информационно-коммуникационных технологий. В первой части статьи излагаются теоретико-методологические основы изучения гражданской активности, которые дают комплексное понимание предмета изучения и контекста происходящей трансформации социальной активности населения. Во второй части статьи представлены результаты проведенного в Ярославской области исследования, в котором систематизированы ответы экспертов из различных сфер деятельности относительно воздействия информационно-коммуникационных технологий на взаимоотношения органов власти и гражданских активистов, а также на процессы формирования гражданских коалиций.

Development of civil society in the Republic of Crimea after its reconnection with Russia

The processes of development of civil society in Crimea after the entry of the peninsula into the Russian Federation in March 2014 are analyzed. The authors conclude that in recent years it has developed and passed from inertia to a state of civic activity. However, an integral system of civil structures has not yet been formed.

DE ESPAÇOS DE PARTICIPAÇÃO A CONTRAESPAÇOS: uma análise de Conselhos em municípios pequenos

FROM PARTICIPATION SPACES TO COUNTERSPACES: an analysis of Councils in small municipalitiesDE ESPACIOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN A CONTRAESPACIOS: un análisis de los Consejos en los municipios pequeñosRESUMOEste artigo tem o intuito de averiguar os Conselhos participativos obrigatórios e sua possibilidade de conformação de contraespaços no âmbito de municípios com pequena ocupação populacional no Centro-Sul do Paraná. Para tanto, apresentam-se dados referentes à capacidade de criação de Conselhos participativos, a forma de inserção dos conselheiros, os segmentos que representam, a participação em movimentos sociais e organizações outras. Por meio do texto, demonstra-se que em municípios pequenos, apesar da possibilidade institucional de ampliar a participação social, há empecilhos que põem em risco a efetiva promoção de contraespaços, uma vez que a forma de inserção dos conselheiros é seletiva e a representação junto a estes espaços participativos atende aos interesses da atual administração municipal. Desta forma, a promoção de contraespaços como contestação da ordem territorial vigente e transformação do status quo, torna-se um desafio frente ao controle político do território e baixa atividade cívica da população em inserir-se de forma atuante nos Conselhos enquanto instrumento de contrapoder.Palavras-chave: Conselhos Municipais; Contraespaços; Municípios Pequenos.ABSTRACTThis article aims to investigate the mandatory participatory councils and their possibility of shaping counterspaces within municipalities with low population occupation in the Center-South of Paraná. For that, it presents data referring to the capacity to create participative councils, the form of insertion of the councilors, the segments they represent, the participation in social movements and other associations. Through the text, it is shown that in small municipalities, despite the institutional possibility of expanding social participation, there are obstacles that put at risk the effective promotion of counterspaces, since the form of insertion of councilors is selective and the representation together these participatory spaces meet the interests of the current municipal administration. In this way, the promotion of counterspaces as a challenge to the current territorial order and transformation of the status quo, becomes a challenge in the face of political control of the territory and low civic activity of the population in actively inserting themselves in the Councils as an instrument of counterpower.Keywords: Municipal Councils; Counterspaces; Small Municipalities.RESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo investigar los consejos participativos obligatorios y su posibilidad de configurar contraespacios en el ámbito de los municipios con baja ocupación poblacional del Centro-Sur de Paraná. Para ello, presenta datos referentes a la capacidad de crear consejos participativos, la forma de inserción de los concejales, los segmentos que representan, la participación en movimientos sociales y otras asociaciones. A través del texto, se muestra que en los municipios pequeños, a pesar de la posibilidad institucional de ampliar la participación social, existen obstáculos que ponen en riesgo la promoción efectiva de los contraespacios, ya que la forma de inserción de los concejales es selectiva y la representación conjunta de estos espacios participativos responde a los intereses de la actual administración municipal. De esta manera, la promoción de contraespacios como desafío al orden territorial actual y transformación del status quo, se convierte en un desafío ante el control político del territorio y la baja actividad cívica de la población al insertarse activamente en los Consejos como un instrumento de contrapoder.Palabras clave: Consejos Municipales; Contraespacios; Pequeños Municipios.

Civil activity of a teenager as a pedagogical phenomenon

На современном этапе развития человечества, под влиянием развития информационных и коммуникационных технологий, глобализации общественных процессов, «активность» как научное понятие, претерпело значительные семантические изменения в том плане, что человеческая деятельность начала осуществляться не только в привычной реальной жизни, но и виртуальном мире, где социальные отношения имеют другие характерные признаки и по-разному влияют на развитие личности. Кроме того, мировой кризис поставил на повестку дня вопрос о гражданской активности, так как развитие социальных инноваций в условиях кризиса является одним из самых оптимальных форм развития социальных инноваций, которое создадут динамику развития политических процессов и приведут к формированию новых условий общественного обустройства. Полярность взглядов относительно утилитарности существования социальных связей и их влияние на положительное развитие личности расширяют научную парадигму исследуемого явления, предоставляя исследователям возможность анализировать ситуацию с различных точек зрения для понимания современных тенденций организации различных процессов, влияющих на формирование личности и его гражданскую активность. В этом аспекте, следует отметить, научное осмысление гражданской активности требует междисциплинарного осмысления, особенно с позиций философии, социологии и психологии, которые помогут нам в полной форме проанализировать данную категорию в рамках педагогической науки At the present stage of human development, under the influence of the development of information and communication technologies, the globalization of social processes, "activity"as a scientific concept has undergone significant semantic changes in the sense that human activity began to be carried out not only in the usual real life, but also in the virtual world, where social relations have other characteristic features and differently affect the development. In addition, the global crisis has put the issue of civic engagement on the agenda, since the development of social innovations in the context of the crisis is one of the most optimal forms of social innovation development, which will create the dynamics of political processes and lead to the formation of new conditions for social development. The polarity of views regarding the utilitarianism of the existence of social ties and their impact on the positive development of the individual expands the scientific paradigm of the phenomenon under study, providing researchers with the opportunity to analyze the situation from different points of view to understand the current trends in the organization of various processes that affect the formation of the individual and his civic activity. In this aspect, it should be noted that the scientific understanding of civic activity requires an interdisciplinary understanding, especially from the standpoint of philosophy, sociology and psychology, which will help us to fully analyze this category within the framework of pedagogical science

Information Flows Concerning Human Rights Protection in the Digital Representation Structure of Russians’ Civic Engagement in 2020: Results of Social Media Analysis

In the article, the author analysed the structural and content characteristics of the information flow, reflecting the discussion of the problems of protecting the individual’s rights in Russia as a type of civic activity of Russian Internet users. As a result of particular software use, the author accumulated a relevant array of social media document and the dynamics, the modality of the flow, its distribution across various social media, the gender and interpreted age composition of the human rights information audience flow. The author concluded that a sufficiently high potential for protest mobilization of this type of digital stream triggers top-starters of human rights discourse in social media to form non-constructive civic attitudes of Russians. Signs of a significant influence of the human rights stream, first of all, among the younger generation are shown. The author identified methods of using the most resonant events in Russian society’s socio-political life by online network opposition leaders to form unconventional Russians’ attitudes by placing these events in the context of a violation of individual rights. It predetermines a shift in meanings and meanings in the sphere of perception by Russian internet users of the ratio of rights and obligations citizens in the Russian Federation. The necessity of monitoring social and media streams representing the human rights theme in the structure of all streams reflecting the digital civic activity of Russian users is substantiated, the importance of accompanying these streams from the standpoint of creating alternative discourses aimed at overcoming the problem of undermining trust in existing government institutions and contributing to the formation of a culture of constructive civic activity of Russians in digital and offline environments.

Trends of civic activity of Russian Youth in municipalities

Analyzed is the problem of necessity of civic engagement of today’s Russian youth as a socio-political phenomenon. Based on the empirical sociological data collected by the authors, the article examines the main trends and forecasts of civic activity of Russian youth in municipalities, which will become predetermined in the near future. The authors conducted an empirical sociological study in October-December 2020. The data collection method is a questionnaire survey of young people aged 14–30 (n = 2026 people) living in the Russian Federation. In addition to quantitative research methods, qualitative ones were also used: in January 2021, an expert interview was conducted with ten experts in the field of youth policy and civic participation of Russian youth. In conclusion, the authors formulate conclusions and recommendations aimed at increasing the positive active civic participation of Russian youth in municipalities.

Socio-political and civil activity of young people: Between massification and individualization

The purpose of the study presented in the article is a theoretical analysis of socio-political and civic activity of young people in the context of processes of individualization and massification as contradictory but interdependent trends in the development of modern society. The relevance of the study is supported by the need for scientific understanding of conditions under which the formation of social and political subjectivity of young people and their choice of these types of activity take place. We presented data of the theoretical analysis of the “social activity” concept with a particular focus on its psychological structure, namely on the cognitive, emotional, motivational, reflexive, volitional and behavioral (activity) components. We substantively described determinants of the socio-political and civic activity of young people, to which we attributed internal psychological (consciousness and self-awareness of the individual, interests and motivation) and external socio-political factors (internal and external political, socio-cultural, informational and communicative context of life). It is shown that the study of modern young people’s activity presupposes inclusion of the subject field of the parameters of personal and social responsibility and the conscious choice of an individual between passionarity and desubjectivity into the scientific analysis. The applied aspect of the problem under study can be used as a tool for development of socially active young people who are focused on constructive interaction with the state, business, and society as a whole.