Reference point and confirming points two important guides in treatment of panfacial fractures of panfacial Fx: A case report

A therapeutic challenge to maxillofacial surgeons is management of panfacial fractures, especially when treating multiple comminuted bone fractures. One of the most important goals in these fractures is achieve and stablish a correct occlusal relationship of the mandibular-maxillary unit in parallel with the proper positioning of the jaws with the skull base and other facial units. Also, it is important to prevent long-term sequelae such as facial asymmetry, enophthalmos, and mal- occlusion that could be caused by inadequate correction. To achieve all these goals some usual guides of management are proposed as follow: “Bottom to up”, “Top to down”, “outside to inside,” or “inside to outside”. We present 3 cases of Panfacial fracture and the proposed methods were based on different sequences of management with introducing “reference point” as the most intact area to determine the management concept & “confirming point” as the areas that should be reduced and fixed completely. These points act as an orientation aid during surgery and aid to successfully restore the entire face contour and maxillomandibular occlusion and also to improves surgical procedure.

DualFace: Two-stage drawing guidance for freehand portrait sketching

Special skills are required in portrait painting, such as imagining geometric structures and facial detail for final portrait designs. This makes it a difficult task for users, especially novices without prior artistic training, to draw freehand portraits with high-quality details. In this paper, we propose dualFace, a portrait drawing interface to assist users with different levels of drawing skills to complete recognizable and authentic face sketches. Inspired by traditional artist workflows for portrait drawing, dualFace gives two-stages of drawing assistance to provide global and local visual guidance. The former helps users draw contour lines for portraits (i.e., geometric structure), and the latter helps users draw details of facial parts, which conform to the user-drawn contour lines. In the global guidance stage, the user draws several contour lines, and dualFace then searches for several relevant images from an internal database and displays the suggested face contour lines on the background of the canvas. In the local guidance stage, we synthesize detailed portrait images with a deep generative model from user-drawn contour lines, and then use the synthesized results as detailed drawing guidance. We conducted a user study to verify the effectiveness of dualFace, which confirms that dualFace significantly helps users to produce a detailed portrait sketch.

Identifying Gender from Images of Face

The main objective of this project is to classify the gender based on different facial features such as eyes, nose, mouth, overall features such as face contour, head shape, hair line etc. The gender classification algorithm uses machine learning technique (supervised learning). In this case the algorithm is trained on a set of male and female faces and then used to classify new data. In this project, face detection and gender classification methods are combined. The face detection acts as a pre-processing operation to the gender classifier that determines the gender.There are multiple methods in which facial recognition systems work, but in general, they work by comparing selected facial features from a given image with faces within a database. It is also described as a Biometric Artificial Intelligence based application that can uniquely identify a person by analyzing patterns based on the person's facial textures and shape.Automated gender recognition plays an important role in many application areas such as human computer interaction,biometric, surveillance, demographic statistics etc.

A Correlative Study Between Personality Traits and the Preference of Site Selection in Cosmetic Treatment

Background: Cosmetic treatment was closely associated with beauty seekers' psychological well-being. Patients who seek cosmetic surgery often show anxiety. Nevertheless, not much is known regarding how personality traits relate to the selection of body parts that receive cosmetic treatment.Aims: This study aims to investigate the correlation between personality traits and various selection sites for cosmetic treatment via Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).Methods: A cross-sectional approach was adopted to randomly recruited patients from a general hospital planning to undergo cosmetic treatments. All respondents completed the EPQ and provided their demographic information. The EPQ involves four scales: the extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism (P), and lying scales (L). Psychological scales were evaluated to verify that people who selected different body sites for cosmetic intervention possessed different personality portraits.Results: A total of 426 patients with an average age of 32.14 ± 8.06 were enrolled. Among them, 384 were females, accounting for more than 90% of patients. Five treatment sites were analyzed, including the body, eye, face contour, nose, and skin. Comparatively, patients with neuroticism were more likely to undergo and demand rhinoplasty (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.24, P < 0.001). Face contour treatment was commonly associated with extraversion (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.11, P = 0.044), psychoticism (OR 1.13, CI 1.03–1.25, P = 0.013), and neuroticism (OR 1.05, CI 1.01–1.10, P = 0.019).Conclusions: This novel study attempted to determine the personality profiles of beauty seekers. The corresponding assessments may provide references for clinical treatment options and enhance postoperative satisfaction for both practitioners and patients.

Predominance of eyes and surface information for face race categorization

Faces can be categorized in various ways, for example as male or female or as belonging to a specific biogeographic ancestry (race). Here we tested the importance of the main facial features for race perception. We exchanged inner facial features (eyes, mouth or nose), face contour (everything but those) or texture (surface information) between Asian and Caucasian faces. Features were exchanged one at a time, creating for each Asian/Caucasian face pair ten facial variations of the original face pair. German and Korean participants performed a race classification task on all faces presented in random order. The results show that eyes and texture are major determinants of perceived biogeographic ancestry for both groups of participants and for both face types. Inserting these features in a face of another race changed its perceived biogeographic ancestry. Contour, nose and mouth, in that order, had decreasing and much weaker influence on race perception for both participant groups. Exchanging those features did not induce a change of perceived biogeographic ancestry. In our study, all manipulated features were imbedded in natural looking faces, which were shown in an off-frontal view. Our findings confirm and extend previous studies investigating the importance of various facial features for race perception.

Bichectomia ou remoção do tecido adiposo bucal – revisão de literatura

The surgical removal of the buccal fat pad or Bichectomy is an aesthetic-functional procedure with aesthetic attributions associated with the face contour, smoothness and symmetry of facial lines, in addition to its therapeutic performance linked to the reduction of intraoral lesions caused by repetitive masticatory stress, as well as aid in the closure of spaces created by tumors, oral-sinus communication and others; this tissue also offers the possibility of being used as a graft for the treatment of intraoral pathologies and covering bone exposures in defective implants. The performance of this procedure is by intraoral access and its final result can be observed after approximately three months.

The assessment of usefulness of innovative instrumental treatments for non‑invasive reduction of a double chin

One of the most common defects in the facial area is the so‑called “double chin”. The problem affects both males and females, and its occurrence is associated with several different factors. It is commonly believed that this defect is a result of excessive adipose tissue location in the lower face. However, the problem seems to be more complex. It is also facilitated by the loss of firmness and elasticity of ageing skin, and in many persons the existence of a double chin results from their anatomical structure, and therefore is determined by genes. Besides, incorrect posture accentuates the defect. It may seem that such minor change does not affect the appearance to a large extent. Whereas, in most cases it causes that the border between the jaw line and the neck disappears what, in turn, distorts the face contour. All this makes a person with a double chin look much older than he or she in fact is. This leads to negative self‑esteem, makes people feel ashamed, and quite often is the main reason for avoiding interaction with other people. So, it is no wonder that persons with such defect seek methods offering its mitigation.Surgical methods give quick and satisfactory effects. However, they are fraught with high risk of complications, and as such they cause anxiety and ultimately discourage patients from making the decision. Luckily, significant improvements in the field of cosmetology and aesthetic surgery offer a wide range of possibilities to reduce a double chin in a manner which is completely non‑invasive, pain free, and does not require long lasting convalescence. In this case, very good results are achieved with the use of innovative technological solutions, such as HIFU and cryolipolysis. Aim. The main aim of this paper is to assess the efficiacy of cryolipolysis in the double chin reduction and the description of innovative instrumental methods allowing for a non‑invasive reduction of this defect.

Facial Feature Model for a Portrait Video Stylization

With the advent of the deep learning method, portrait video stylization has become more popular. In this paper, we present a robust method for automatically stylizing portrait videos that contain small human faces. By extending the Mask Regions with Convolutional Neural Network features (R-CNN) with a CNN branch which detects the contour landmarks of the face, we divided the input frame into three regions: the region of facial features, the region of the inner face surrounded by 36 face contour landmarks, and the region of the outer face. Besides keeping the facial features region as it is, we used two different stroke models to render the other two regions. During the non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) of the animation video, we combined the deformable strokes and optical flow estimation between adjacent frames to follow the underlying motion coherently. The experimental results demonstrated that our method could not only effectively reserve the small and distinct facial features, but also follow the underlying motion coherently.

A Novel Semantic Approach for Multi-Ethnic Face Recognition

This paper proposes a semantic concept method to recognize multi-ethnic people based on Axiomatic fuzzy set (AFS) theory with application to image analysis. There are two advantages of the proposed approach: (i) It can convert the facial features to semantic concepts and in such a way we bridge the semantic gap between low level pixel features and interpretable concepts. (ii) It can implement the logical operation of semantic concepts in the AFS framework. Technically, we first construct facial features utilizing the facial landmarks such as eyes, nose, mouth, and face contour. Second, we establish some corresponding semantic concepts to describe facial features. Finally, a set of the semantic concept rules are extracted to form a classifier aimed at identifying facial ethnic attributes. The efficacy of the proposed approach is verified on Chinese Multi-ethnic face database (CMFD), FEI and CK[Formula: see text]. Meanwhile, we first demonstrate that the selected features have two obvious advantages: (1) these features can achieve better performance for ethical recognition than the features based on pixel values directly. (2) The selected features can be obtained via facial landmark detector regardless of the image resolutions. Then, we compare the proposed approach with some existing classifiers using the selected features, such as principal component analysis (PCA), C4.5, Decision table, Cart, Fuzzy Decision Tree (FDT) and Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (Ripper), extensive experiments show that our method exhibits a similar performance with these methods, which is demonstrated by Friedman test, however, our proposed approach can provide interpretability and comprehension capability.