Teknik Pengelolaan Stress Model Inkubasi Kelompok Budidaya Ikan Program Antisipasi Pandemi Berkelanjutan

The Covid-19 pandemic forced everyone laid off. When the situation recover, do not know. Will he/she return to similar work, do not sure. Continuing stress threats to many people. They need helps, to manage the emotional related impact, to build what new about sense, who he/she might be, to carry on a recent part. Psychological advices was given to develop a sustaining model for managing stress, enjoying, making hope, maintaining social contact, sharing each other, and being an incubator in effect to emerge a prosperous activity next. Social media have been a means to keep them in contact indicating the way was running well as the stress management model for low level of open workers who have lost their jobs, and generating new hope and interest from their online communication.

Small-scaled association between ambient temperature and campylobacteriosis incidence in Germany

Campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial cause of human diarrheal illness worldwide. Campylobacteriosis incidence exhibits seasonality and has been attributed to ambient temperature. However, the role of ambient temperature on campylobacteriosis remains poorly understood. To examine the impact of ambient temperature on local campylobacteriosis in Germany, weekly incidences on NUTS-3 level were analysed using a novel small-scaled approach, regression and time lags. Campylobacteriosis incidence correlated positively with temperatures between − 5 and 28 °C. The sigmoid regression model estimated an incidence increase of 0.52 per 5 °C temperature rise in the observation period. The weekly average of daily minimum temperature was most significant at a time lag of two weeks and showed the steepest incidence increase of 0.13 per 1 °C temperature increase in a temperature corridor of 5.1 to 12.2 °C. The impact of average minimum temperatures on campylobacteriosis incidence is crucial, likely to be indirect and especially relevant in the recent part of the infection chain. Vectors or human behaviour are presumably more directly linked with temperature than the pathogen’s microbiology and should be examined. These variables outweigh the direct temperature-pathogen relationship when the whole chain of infection is considered. In the context of climate change, campylobacteriosis is likely to increase in Germany due to an increased temperature effect.

Transcriptional Regulators and Human-Specific/Primate-Specific Genes in Neocortical Neurogenesis

During development, starting from a pool of pluripotent stem cells, tissue-specific genetic programs help to shape and develop functional organs. To understand the development of an organ and its disorders, it is important to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of the gene expression profiles that occur during its development. Modifications in existing genes, the de-novo appearance of new genes, or, occasionally, even the loss of genes, can greatly affect the gene expression profile of any given tissue and contribute to the evolution of organs or of parts of organs. The neocortex is evolutionarily the most recent part of the brain, it is unique to mammals, and is the seat of our higher cognitive abilities. Progenitors that give rise to this tissue undergo sequential waves of differentiation to produce the complete sets of neurons and glial cells that make up a functional neocortex. We will review herein our understanding of the transcriptional regulators that control the neural precursor cells (NPCs) during the generation of the most abundant class of neocortical neurons, the glutametergic neurons. In addition, we will discuss the roles of recently-identified human- and primate-specific genes in promoting neurogenesis, leading to neocortical expansion.

Development and Validation of Surveys to Estimate Food Additive Intake

(1) Background: The Food Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) International Food Standards Codex Alimentarius CXS 192e International Food Standards (hereafter, CODEX) declares additives non-toxic, but they have been associated with changes to the microbiota changes and thinning of the mucus layer of the gut. Their widespread use has occurred in parallel with increased inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence. This paper reports on the development and validation of surveys to estimate additive intake. (2) Methods: Dietitians created a food-additive database, with a focus on additives that have been associated with IBD. For each additive, information on the CODEX food-category they are permitted in and the associated maximum permissible levels (mg/kg) was recorded. Based on the database, questions to assess early life (part 1) and recent (part 2) additive intake were written. Forward–backward translation from English to Chinese was undertaken. Thirty-one individuals were evaluated to assess understandability. A further fifty-seven individuals completed the tool on two occasions, a fortnight apart; agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient or the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). (3) Results: The participants reported that it was difficult to remember food intake and estimate portion sizes. The participants also noted confusion around the term ‘home-grown’. Instructions and definitions were added; after this, respondents judged the questionnaires as clear. The average kappa coefficient for part 1 and part 2 questions were 0.61 and 0.67, respectively. The average ICC ranged from 0.30 to 0.94; three food lists were removed due to low reliability. (4) Conclusions: Two tools have been created and validated, in two languages, that reliably assess remote and recent food additive intake.

A new multi-proxy record of environmental change over the last 1000 years on Chiloé Island: Lake Pastahué, south-central Chile (42°S)

Knowledge of past environmental and climatic conditions of lake ecosystems on Chiloé Island on a millennial scale is limited. Hence, this study fills a gap in our understanding of this part of southern Chile. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the environmental and climatic history of the last 1000 years of Lake Pastahué through a multi-proxy sediment core analysis. The 1-m-long core was subsampled every centimeter for the organic matter, magnetic susceptibility, grain-size distribution, and biological indicator (pollen, chironomids) analyses. The age model was constructed from 210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C activity. Pollen results revealed a North Patagonian forest composition represented by Nothofagus, Weinmannia, Drimys, Tepualia, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, and Pteridophyta. The abundance of Rumex and Pinus in the most recent part of the pollen assemblage reflects a clear anthropogenic impact. The sedimentological parameters and chironomid assemblage show similar variations, which highlight changes in the trophic state of the lake. The changes observed in all proxies suggest the influence of climate events such as the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ (MCA) and ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA). The variations observed since the beginning of the 20th century could be the result of the combined effect of anthropogenic activities and the increase in temperature recorded in south-central Chile and Patagonia.

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND SOCIOPOLITICAL MODERNITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; CASE STUDY OF IRAN

What we must keep in mind is that although nanotechnology is an emerging and high technology, it is still technology or, in other words, it has an instrumental nature and in order to study its effect on societies we have to consider the role of instruments’ evolution in societies and study nanotechnology as the most recent part of this trend. In this article we study the nature of modern technologies, role of technology based economy on different social and political aspects of developing countries; we have a review on the concept of social and political modernity and describe how development of nanotechnology will accelerate those countries’ modernization from social and political point of view in addition to modernizing their economy. So this paper is a cross‐disciplinary study between nanotechnology and social sciences. There are two different scenarios about the future of nanotechnology. One is the proof of radical nanotechnology and the other is the acceptance of the claim that nanotechnology is only an enabling technology. In the present paper, we studied the effects of both scenarios. The obstacles to modernity in Iran and potential effect of nanotechnology on them are studied as a case study. Santrauka Nors nanotechnologija yra nauja ir pažangi technologija, ji tėra tik instrumentas. Norint įvertinti jos reikšmę visuomenei, reikia išnagrinėti panašių instrumentų raidą visuomenėse ir vertinti nanotechnologiją kaip naujausią tendenciją. Šiame straipsnyje ištirta šiuolaikinių technologijų prigimtis, technologijos vaidmuo žinių ekonomikoje skirtingais besivystančių šalių socialiniais ir politiniais periodais, apžvelgtos socialinio ir politinio šiuolaikiškumo sąvokos, apibūdinta, kaip išsivysčiusios nanotechnologijos pagreitins šalių modernizaciją socialiniu ir politiniu požiūriu be jų ekonomikos modernizavimą. Šis straipsnis yra nanotechnologijos ir socialinių mokslų tarpdisciplininė studija. Yra du skirtingi nanotechnologijos ateities scenarijai: pirmasis teigia, kad nanotechnologija sukels radikalių pokyčių; antrasis skelbia, kad nanotechnologija yra tiktai galimybių suteikimo technologija. Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėti abiejų scenarijų padariniai, tirtos kliūtys šiuolaikiškumui Irane įsitvirtinti ir nanotechnologijos poveikis šaliai.

Cenozoic Climate and Vegetation Change

This chapter traces the history of vegetation change in the Mediterranean area in response to climate variability over the last 65 million years (Myr), with particular emphasis on the most recent part of the record. Compared to other continental areas of the globe, the Mediterranean region is somewhat unusual in the abundance of palaeobotanical information (especially palynological) that is available. This is a function of its geological setting, which in some cases has led to the relatively undisturbed accumulation of thick sedimentary sequences in tectonic and volcanic basins. These sequences have provided an opportunity to develop long records of vegetation change, sometimes extending over hundreds of thousands of years. In the marine realm, sedimentary records from the Mediterranean Sea are not only providing palaeoceanographic information but also beginning to yield palynological information, which can be placed directly within a chronological and palaeoclimatic framework. However, it is only in the uppermost part of the geological column (i.e. in the Quaternary) that there are enough records to construct a continuous thread of vegetation changes and allow meaningful comparisons between sites to determine local differences and transregional similarities (e.g. Magri et al. 2004). Moreover, the majority of terrestrial records extending before the Holocene are located in southern Europe, while the coverage of the Near East is low and of North Africa even lower. The information available for earlier periods anywhere in the Mediterranean is fragmentary at best, with large parts of the record not represented. This means that despite the relative wealth of information, the palaeobotanical record from the Mediterranean region remains very much incomplete, with significant temporal and geographical gaps. Thus, instead of providing a linear narrative of the last c.65 Myr, the approach followed here is to structure this review into separate sections, each representing different scales of environmental variability, and attempt to establish the general pattern of vegetation responses to it. These environmental regimes are here defined as (1) mega-scale (long-term climate trends), (2) macroscale (orbitally driven (Milankovitch) changes), (3) meso-scale (sub-orbital variability), and (4) micro-scale (interannual variability).

Le karst des plateaux jurassiques de la moyenne valee de l'Ardeche; datation par paleomagnetisme des phases d'evolution plio-quaternaires (aven de la Combe Rajeau)

Thanks to its immunity, karst is an excellent recorder of environmental change, which also offers the possibility for dating. Karst records position of old base levels, in particular to which were linked horizontal underground drains located near the piezometric surface. After a base level lowering, a new drain appears at a lower level, the old perched drain being abandoned. If base level lowering is slow, the initial drain is progressively entrenched, forming a canyon. The "Combe Rajeau" cave system corresponds to this last type: a 100 m high underground canyon, continuously entrenched during the Ardeche valley downcutting. The underground river left several terraces during the entrenchment. Knowing that speleothem U/Th radiometric dating method covers only the most recent part of karst systems history, which spans over several million years, paleomagnetism has been applied to date the Combe Rajeau sediments. A more precise knowledge of the evolution phases of this system provides a better understanding of the middle Ardeche valley evolution upon which it depends.

A piecewise Markovian model for simulated annealing with stochastic cooling schedules

We introduce a stochastic process with discrete time and countable state space that is governed by a sequence of Markov matrices . Each Pm is used for a random number of steps Tm and is then replaced by Pm+1. Tm is a randomized stopping time that may depend on the most recent part of the state history. Thus the global character of the process is non-Markovian.This process can be used to model the well-known simulated annealing optimization algorithm with randomized, partly state depending cooling schedules. Generalizing the concept of strong stationary times (Aldous and Diaconis [1]) we are able to show the existence of optimal schedules and to prove some desirable properties. This result is mainly of theoretical interest as the proofs do not yield an explicit algorithm to construct the optimal schedules.