Excess consumption of Lavana Rasa (Salty taste) – A cause of Amlapitta (Hyperacidity)

Amlapitta (Hyperacidity) is one of the ever growing diseases observed in society. Intake of salt in excess can lead into Amlapitta due to its Vidahi and Agneya property. Foods like cheese, chips, sauces, buttermilk, etc. contains variety of salts including common salt. The disease Amlapitta/ Amlika can be interpreted as Hyperacidity; is not separately described in Samhita, but mentioned as Lakshana (symptom) of Atiyoga (excessive intake) of Lavana Rasa. Hence an observational study was designed. Aim: To examine whether Atiyoga of Lavana Rasa (common salt) can be a Hetu (causative factor) of Amlapitta. Methodology: Study included 100 identified patients of Amlapitta; both males and females from the age group of 20-60 years suffering from Amlodgar (sour blenching) as the predominant symptom. A structured, pilot tested 6 item questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive data was analyzed using number and percentage. Results: Maximum patients were from 20-29 years age group; with Kapha-Pittaja Prakruti (77.78 %) and Pitta-Kaphaja Prakruti (68.75%) who used to consume Lavana rasa in variety of type and in excess quantity. Family history of the disease Amlapitta showed maximum % in female patients as 31.03% whereas only 4.76% males suffered from the disease. Liking towards Lavana, Katu and Amla rasa in population was found to be 36%, 28%, 16% respectively. In causative factors of Amlapitta, Lavana Rasadhikya was noted in 62 patients whereas Vidahi Anna followed by spicy food and oily food was found in 60, 58, 56 number of patients respectively. Conclusion: From the study, it is observed that there is proneness of Amlapitta mostly in age group 20-29 years having liking towards salty, spicy and Katu Rasa. Maximum (58) female patients, with 31.03% who had family history of Amlapitta and 77.78% patients found to have Kapha-Pitta dominent Prakruti which indicate towards importance of Prakriti and family history of an individual in disease manifestation.

Spectrophotometric determination of atenolol via oxidation and bleaching color reaction for methyl red dye

A selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been suggested for the quantitative assay of atenolol (ATNL) as pure and in its manufactural formulation(Tablet). The suggested procedure included oxidation of ATNL with an excess quantity of the oxidant N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and then the excess of NBS was occupied in bleaching the color of methyl red dye(MRD), then measuring the absorbance of remaining MRD at 518 nm. The absorbance of the unbleached color of MRD corresponds to the ATNL concentration in the sample solution. Beer’s law was followed in the range of 0.1-2.0 μg.ml−1with molar absorptivity value equal to 8.8864x104 l.mol−1. cm−1. The suggested method was applied to the assay of ATNL in commercial tablets, with satisfactory results.

In Silico Structural Modeling of Wildtype and Mutant PRODH Proteins Involved in Psychiatric Disorder.

Proline dehydrogenase is an important mitochondrial enzyme that is encoded by the PRODH gene. Biologically, a mutation in this gene affects the activity of proline dehydrogenase enzyme that is normally involved in conversion of proline to glutamate. However, its reduced or null activity leads to excess quantity of proline in the body, which results in different psychiatric phenotypes along with intellectual disability. In the present study, we performed in silico analysis on all reported mutations of PRODH. The 3D models of normal and mutant PRODH were predicted using I-TASSER. The predicted structures were visualized and superimposed using chimera 1.13.1. The CASTp was used to identify active sites in modelled proteins. Protein-protein docking was done with Cluspro, while protein-substrate docking was done with Auto Dock 1.5.6 and-MGL tools and the results were visualized using LigPlus+ v.2.2 and Discovery studio 2020 respectively. Alignment of 3D models (mutant with wildtype) revealed that Arg185Gln (73.83 % ) and Gln19Ter (6.25% ) had the highest and lowest similarity indices, respectively. Enzyme pocket prediction identified three largest sites, with the second largest active site pocket containing substrate proline binding residues Leu527, Tyr548, and Arg563. Moreover, docking of mutant and wildtype PRODH with its close interactor “ALDH4A1” showed differences with respect to number, position, and nature of interacting amino acids residues. We observed that the nature of amino acid substitution and the number of bonds affect the binding of proline molecule with proline dehydrogenase enzyme, and therefore, affect its biological activity.

Efficiency Analysis of Public Library Services Based on Establishing Entity and Outsourcing

This study investigates the difference in service efficiency based on establishing entity and outsourcing in 847 public libraries in Korea. The public libraries were categorized into three types based on establishing entity and outsourcing, where Type 1 libraries are those established and directly managed by the Office of Education under the central government, Type 2 libraries are established and directly managed by local governments, and Type 3 libraries are established by local governments and their operations are outsourced. Each library type was analyzed and compared using data envelopment analysis (DEA), and results found that public libraries established by local governments are more efficient than those established by the central government, while outsourcing operations improved the efficiency of public libraries. Further analysis of the projection point and excess quantity of input showed that the main cause of inefficiency for Type 1 libraries is the library area, and for Types 2 and 3, the number of periodicals. This study provides guidelines for the sustainable performance of public library services based on the factors of foundation and operational patterns.

Interactive Role of Silicon and Plant–Rhizobacteria Mitigating Abiotic Stresses: A New Approach for Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change

Abiotic stresses are the major constraints in agricultural crop production across the globe. The use of some plant–microbe interactions are established as an environment friendly way of enhancing crop productivity, and improving plant development and tolerance to abiotic stresses by direct or indirect mechanisms. Silicon (Si) can also stimulate plant growth and mitigate environmental stresses, and it is not detrimental to plants and is devoid of environmental contamination even if applied in excess quantity. In the present review, we elaborate the interactive application of Si and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) as an ecologically sound practice to increase the plant growth rate in unfavorable situations, in the presence of abiotic stresses. Experiments investigating the combined use of Si and PGPRs on plants to cope with abiotic stresses can be helpful in the future for agricultural sustainability.

Cost Estimation of Painting Works in Nigeria Using Algorithmic Equations

Inaccurate cost estimation of painting works often leaves a client dissatisfied and mars the professional expertise of the quantity surveyor. This is because either excess quantity of paint is left behind after completion of the work or the paints purchased and budget allotted for the project is unable to finish the work. To this end, this study developed algorithmic equations for estimating the cost (material and labour) of painting works using the common types of paints in Anambra and Enugu state of south-east Nigeria and also validated them using current market rates. This was achieved via identifying the types and peculiar features of the common paints used in the study area, determination of the average quantity of paint needed per square meter (to assess the material constant for the paints identified) and assessing the labour constant for the paints identified. Dulux, Homepride, Intercolour, Sharon (Vineyard) and Fine coat were among the common paint brands identified through market survey, interviews with the paint manufacturers, suppliers, painters and construction professionals and physical observation. Dulux was adjudged the most durable. Though quite expensive, it allows for creativity and flexibility and has an aesthetically pleasing outlook. The materials and labour constants were generated by physical observation, via a work study. The algorithmic equations developed are as follows: Up = Mc+ Lc; Mc = YAm x Cp; Lc = Y x Lp (thus: Up = YAm x Cp + YLp), where: Up = painting cost, Mc = Material cost, Lc = Labour cost, Y = Area of building to be painted, Am = Average quantity of the material per square meter (material constant), Cp = Cost of material per meter square, Lp = Cost of labour per square meter (labour constant). Validation of the model using current market rates of the last quarter of 2019 in the study area indicates that painting a wall of total area= 115.29 m2 using Sharon texcote paint for instance will cost N64,500. These equations not only have time saving potentials, they are also reliable when used for costing painting works involving the brand of paints surveyed. However, their efficacy relies heavily on accurate measurement of area of walls to be painted. These models are recommended for use by practicing quantity surveyors to generate feasibility cost estimates for painting works and shorten pre-contract time for both private and public clients.

A conceptual study on Trividha Atisevaniya Varjya Dravya w.s.r. to Kshara (Alkali)

Kshara has been used as medicine as well as food since ancient times. In Charaka Samhita it has been mentioned that three medicinal substances viz. Pippali, Kshara (alkali) and Lavana (salt) can be used as emergency medicine, but they should not be consumed in excess (Ati Upayunjita). If they are consumed in excess quantity they will cause several adverse effects in the body. There is no specific explanation available for the term Ati Upayunjita. However excess use also can be taken in two ways i.e. in high dose and/ or for continuous use for long duration. For the drug Kshara, the word Ati Upayunjita is mentioned for continuous use for longer duration. What time period considered being a long time to use has not been clarified by the Acaryas. So this present review article highlights the conceptual aspects of Trividha Atisevaniya Varjya Dravya w.s.r. to Kshara.

Sales Forecasting using RNN

In today’s world, big malls and marts are in need of advanced prediction of sales forecasting for the future demand of the products. This leads the manufacturer to produce sufficient product without excess production and to avoid such loss, we need to predict the future demand of a product using Recurrent Neural Network. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model deals with the most important past behaviors and understands whether or not those behaviors are important features in making future predictions. Thus, we can reduce the wastage of the product and an increase in profit. In addition, the sales team can communicate with the manufacturing unit in case of insufficient product. This leads to avoiding excess quantity preparation from the production unit. Sales prediction and forecasting is always a best practice for company development.

Effect of heavy metal, copper sulphate and potassium chromate on behaviour of “Tailless water flea” Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea - Cladocera)

Water fleas constitute major zooplankton population of fresh water aquatic ecosystem. Their population density is an indicative of well-being of aquatic bodies. Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea - Cladocera) is a tailless water flea and is well suited lab model for environmental monitoring. Copper a Gray listed heavy metals despite being an essential micronutrient, becomes highly toxic when present in excess quantity in aquatic ecosystem thereby causing deleterious effects on aquatic flora as well as fauna. The water-flea exposed to acute 0.37 mg/l (96hr LC50), sub-acute 0.0925 mg/l (25% of 96hr LC50) value and chronic 0.037 mg/l (10% of 96hr LC50) value of copper sulphate and acute 0.16 mg/l (96 hr LC50), sub-acute 0.04 mg/l (25% of 96 hr LC50) value and chronic 0.016 mg/l (10% of 96 hr LC50) value of potassium chromate showed behavioural alterations like initial hyperactivity, fast appendage movements and in phototaxis, geotaxis and avoidance indices. At later stage erratic swimming and spinning, reduced activity, loss of balance, reduced feeding and darkening of cuticular coloration, reduced phototactic, geotaxis and avoidance indices were the major effects on its behaviour. The behavioural alterations of S. vetulus showed the most susceptible and foremost indication of potential toxic effects. Various behavioural parameters, used in present study may serve as better biomarkers about metal toxicity and monitoring of drinking water quality

A Mathematical Approach to Supply Complexity Management Efficiency Evaluation for Supply Chain

This study aims to identify the factors of complexity due to the globalization of supply chain and to measure the management efficiency of the factors which cause the supply complexity within supply chain. This study conducts an analysis to utilize linear programming and bootstrapping, targeting 12 Korean companies among the selected companies in Fortune Global 500. According to the results from the analysis, 4 companies with relatively high management efficiency of the factors which cause the supply complexity and 8 companies with relatively low management efficiency are found. The research findings reveal that public companies with the small number of products, factories, and providers relatively manage the supply complexity compared to private companies. Moreover, this study suggests projection point as a direction for relatively less efficient companies and excess quantity of input which should reduce for its achievement. This study also has an implication to establish a further standard of efficiency to manage the supply complexity for companies.