Improving the rational use of water resources of the Chograi reservoir based on water simulation modeling

Purpose: to develop scenarios for filling and rational exploitation of the Chograi reservoir under the conditions of water resources shortage of (to conduct water balance studies). Materials and methods. The analysis of the use and distribution of water resources of the Chograi reservoir was carried out on the basis of actual data obtained for the period 2016–2020. To conduct water balance studies, a simulation water management model has been developed. It is based on the water allocation regime established in 2020. Results and discussion. Three possible scenarios for water management situation development in the Chograi reservoir have been developed, from which the optimal one has been selected. As the initial conditions for modeling, the regimes of water supply through the Tersko-Kumsky and Kumo-Manychsky canals, as well as water intake into the Chernozemelsky irrigation and watering system (CHOS) through the Chernozemelsky main canal were used. It was found that the actual value of water intake from the Terek river exceeded the plan, but remained below the water intake limit. Thus, it is possible to increase the volume of water supply to the reservoir due to withdrawal up to the values of the permitted limit. The analysis shows that the largest volume of water resources is used for feeding water bodies and for estuary irrigation. The second largest volume taken from the Chograi reservoir is the water supply through the bottom spillway to the downstream of the hydroelectric complex in the Eastern Manych river with expenditures exceeding sanitary releases. It is possible to reduce the consumed water resources by optimizing water management at the CHOS and reducing discharges. Conclusions. An optimal scenario for filling and rational operation of the Chograi reservoir has been developed, the fulfillment of the conditions of which will ensure the filling of the reservoir to the level of 20.35 m BS. At the same time, the volume of filling will be 209.75 million m³. The development of the water management situation according to the scenario under consideration will provide water resources for the CHOS for the period 2021–2022.

INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SELECTION OF RATIONAL OPERATION PARAMETERS OF BOILER UNITS

The article deals with the main problems of boiler houses operating on solid low-grade fuel. The ways of increasing energy efficiency and methods of more rational use of the existing boiler equipment are proposed.

Environmental and technical calculation of equipment of the contrailer terminal

The subject of the study is the technical and environmental calculation of key parameters for equipping a contrailer terminal. The relevance of the work is related to the practical need to improve the organization of working conditions for employees of the terminal and warehouse facility as a complex technosphere object, as well as to ensure the rational operation of loading and unloading equipment. These aspects are crucial for the subsequent design of the terminal in terms of the number of full-time jobs and the required number of purchased/leased equipment, which determines the importance of management decisions at the initial, pre-project stage. There are two blocks of calculation — environmental and technical, the results of which can later be used in the preparation of an estimate and financial plan for the design of a complex technosphere object-a cargo (contrailer) terminal. Used analytical, design methods, theories of warehouse systems by O.B. Malikov, principles of technosphere safety. The calculation of the number of loading and unloading machines of the Kalmar type of the TR618i series was performed, as well as the necessary number of luminaires with fluorescent lamps to create a given standard illumination, and their location in the working area of the terminal’s operating space was determined. The calculation the number of loading and unloading machines required to ensure its smooth operation, and their quality indicators for the future volumes of cargo handling. The calculation of workplace illumination as a condition for ensuring technosphere safety and ergonomics requirements was also performed. It is noted that the performed environmental and technical calculations may be complicated by nested assessment and design methods aimed at assessing the current state of the terminal and the prospects for its further development/modernization.

Optimization of fishery industry activities in multi-species fisheries: catching areas in their static state, taking into account bio-inspired dualism (on the example of the North Kuril region of the Far Eastern fishery basin)

Повышение эффективности отечественного рыболовства, как совокупности промышленных биотехнологий, создающих индустриальные системы высшего уровня, является одной из основных задач при реализации стратегии развития рыбохозяйственного комплекса страны в долгосрочной перспективе. В этой связи, базисным объектом системного исследования является промысловая зона рыбохозяйственного бассейна как многовидовая промысловая система взаимосвязанных и взаимообусловленных компонентов: ресурсного потенциала и рыбодобывающих единиц, образующих внутреннюю среду системы, совокупности условий ведения промысла, составляющих ее внешнюю среду. Исследование производственных процессов при статическом состоянии названной системы является основополагающим процессом, опирающемся на учете ее двуединой природы – биотехнологического дуализма. Обязательный его учет лежит в основе формирования оптимальных схем расстановки промысловых усилий в промысловых зонах при организации рыболовства, планировании и управлении производственно-технологическим процессом добычи водных биоресурсов на основе рациональной их эксплуатации и с целью повышения эффективности работы добывающего флота за счет повышения их эксплуатационного времени при годовом и рейсовом планировании. Решение оптимизационной задачи в статике в процессе моделирования таких производственно-технологических систем в статическом их состоянии направлено на проведение оптимизации рыбодобывающей деятельности с учетом биотехнологического дуализма, присущего многовидовым промысловым системам – промысловым зонам. Целью оптимизации является получение оптимального количества промысловых единиц, основанное на альтернативном принципе использования судов определенного типа. Improving the efficiency of domestic fisheries, as a set of industrial biotechnologies that create industrial systems of the highest level, is one of the main tasks in implementation of strategy for development of the country's fishery complex in the long term. In this regard, the basic object for a systemic study is the catching area of the fishery basin as a multi-species fishery system of interrelated and interdependent components: resource potential and fishery units that form internal environment of the system along with a set of conditions for catching activities that make up its external environment. The study of industrial processes in a static state of the named system is a fundamental process based on consideration of its dual nature: bio-inspired dualism. Its mandatory consideration underlies formation of optimal schemes for arrangement of fishery efforts in catching zones when organizing fishery industry, planning and managing the industrial process of harvesting aquatic biological resources based on rational operation thereof, and in order to increase efficiency of catching fleet by increasing its operating time during the annual and voyage planning. The solution for optimization problem in statics in the process of modeling such industrial-process systems in their static state is aimed at optimizing fishery activities taking into account the bio-inspired dualism inherent in multi-species fisheries: catching areas. The aim of optimization is to obtain an optimal number of fishery units based on an alternative principle of using vessels of a certain type.

Effect of shear stress on the wall of technological pipelines at a gas condensate field on the intensity of carbon dioxide corrosion

The object of the study is a section of the gas and gas condensate collection system, consisting of an angle throttle installed on a xmas tree and a well piping located after the angle throttle. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the flow velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) on the carbon dioxide corrosion rate in the area of interest and to come up with substantiated recommendations for the rational operation of the angle throttle in order to reduce the corrosion intensity. In the course of solving this problem, a technique was developed and subsequently applied to assess the influence of various factors on the rate of carbon dioxide corrosion. The technique is based on a sequence of different modeling methods: modeling the phase states of the extracted product, three-dimensional (solid) modeling of the investigated section, hydrodynamic flow modeling of the extracted product using the finite volume method, etc. The developed technique has broad possibilities for visualization of the obtained results, which allow identifying the sections most susceptible to the effects of carbon dioxide corrosion. The article shows that the average flow velocity and its local values are not the factors by which it is possible to predict the occurrence of carbon dioxide corrosion in the pipeline section after the angle throttle. The paper proves that WSS has prevailing effect on the corrosion intensity in the section after the angle choke. The zones of corrosion localization predicted according to the technique are compared with the real picture of corrosion propagation on the inner surface of the pipe, as a result of which recommendations for the rational operation of the angle throttle are formed.

Этапы внедрения производственной электронной модели системы водоснабжения и водоотведения

С целью упорядочения и анализа информации о системе распределения воды и стоков г. Новокузнецка и исключения многократного дублирования данных в разных информационных средах было принято решение о внедрении разработки компании ИВЦ Поток Информационно-графической системы ГидроГраф из линейки продуктов под торговой маркой CityComТМ. В настоящее время система ГидроГраф активно используется многими подразделениями ООО Водоканал . Планирование производственной программы на сегодняшний день уже невозможно без системы ГидроГраф . С ее помощью осуществляется выдача технических заданий, подготовка отключений, составление планов производства работ, заключение договоров с новыми абонентами, оптимизация системы водоснабжения и водоотведения. Появление полноценной, выверенной и постоянно актуализируемой базы данных позволило оперативно и в удобной форме решать множество задач. При этом обеспечивается повышение эффективности и точности планирования ремонтов, сокращение издержек и в целом рациональная эксплуатация системы водоснабжения и водоотведения г. Новокузнецка.To provide for sorting and analyzing the data on the water distribution and sewer network system in Novokuznetsk and to avoid multiple data duplication in various IT environments, it was decided to introduce the product of Potok data processing center HydroGraph Information and Graphic System from the product line under CityComTM trademark. Currently, HydroGraph system has been in active use by many divisions of Vodokanal, LLC. Planning an operational program today is no longer possible without HydroGraph system. The system provides for issuing the performance specifications, preparing for shutdowns, compiling work execution plans, signing contracts with new customers, and upgrading the water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The development of a meaningful, verified and continuously updated database made it possible to quickly and conveniently solve many problems. Therein it ensures improved efficiency and accuracy of repair planning, cost reduction and generally rational operation of the water supply and wastewater disposal system in Novokuznetsk.

COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION OF INSTABILITY IN HIP REPLACEMENT FOR HIP FRACTURES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS IN MULTIPAROUS WOMEN

Objective: To reduce instability rate after hip replacement (HR) in postmenopausal osteoporosis in multiparous women. Methods: Analyzed data of HR performed by 126 multiparous women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and hip fractures and their consequences. In the main group (n=65; 51.6%) of patients prevention of instability of endoprosthesis components was carried out using the proposed measures, in the control group (n=61; 48.4%) of patients – with traditional approaches. Clinical and X-ray methods, densitometry, a comprehensive method of assessing hip function by Harris, statistical methods are used in the implementation of the work. Results: In the main group influenced by proposed approaches in the dynamics have seen a decrease in the frequency of osteoporosis and due to this – an increasing osteopenia. In addition, there was a decrease in the frequency of instability of endoprosthesis components compared to the control group from 14.8% to 4.6% (p<0.005). Conclusions: Rational operation planning, and its implementation taking into account the peculiarities of the current of osteoporosis, continuous medication and rational post-operative rehabilitation are effective ways to reduce the frequency of instability in hip replacement in considered pathology. Keywords: Postmenopausal osteoporosis, hip replacement, hip fractures, multiparous women, baseline treatment for osteoporosis