REVIEW OF POTENTIAL PLANTS IN INDONESIA AS AN ANTIDIABETIC WITH HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITIES

Background: Diabetes mellitus which is characterized by hyperglycemia is a metabolic disease due to insulin action, defects in insulin secretion, or both. Various studies have shown that herbs that have a hypoglycemic effect can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Generally, herbs can slow down the complications of diabetes mellitus and improve metabolism. The ability of plants to restore the function of pancreatic tissue to increase insulin production or make it easier for insulin to process glucose is related to the effects of hypoglycemia. Objective: Comparing plants that have a hypoglycemic activity that can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Methods: studying literature from various databases, websites, national journals, and relevant international journals to identify plants that have hypoglycemic activity. Results: The mechanism A. sativum as a hypoglycemic involves different fiber viscosities; A. vera involved as a hypoglycemic by protecting pancreatic? cells; Asiatic acid in C. asiatica increasing glycolysis by restoring the activity of key enzymes; G. max inhibiting ?-amylase and the stigmasterol increasing the absorption of blood glucose and reducing insulin resistance; P. macrocarpa exert their antidiabetic action via ?-glucosidase modulation, an extra distinctive pancreatic mechanism; S. arvensis has the potential to inhibit ?-amylase enzymes. Conclusions: This review article has presented 6 detailed comparisons of plants that have a hypoglycemic activity that can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia and we believe can be useful for students, researchers, or practitioners. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, Indonesian plants

ROLE OF VIRECHANA IN THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS W.S.R. TO PRAMEHA - A CASE STUDY

Diabetes Mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemias. Depending upon factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, glucose utilization and increased glucose production. Diabetes mellitus is now become most common among all diseases in the present era. In India, this is increasing rapidly and seems that India is going to be capital of Diabetes Mellitus in next coming years. According to Ayurvedic texts, Acharya Charaka has explained about Prameha which can be com- pared with Diabetes Mellitus. The main symptom of Prameha is ‘Prabhuta Aavila Mutrata. Tridosha dushti in Prameha progressively leads to affect Rasa, Meda, Shukra, Ambu, Lasika, Majja and Oja. All these affected Dosha and Dushya influence Basti and manifest the symptom like ‘Prabhuta Avila Mutrata’. Virechana was giv- en in this case because Acharya Charak has mentioned dushti of Kapha, Pitta and Vata is present in Prameha. Phalashruti of Virechana says that there is elimination of Dosha in the sequence of Vit (mala), Pitta, Kapha, Anil. Hence role of Virechana is important in the Chikitsa of Prameha. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Prameha, Samshodhan, Virechan.

Deteksi Dini Faktor Resiko Diabetes Melitus Di Dusun Kalangan Kecamatan Sawangan Kabupaten Magelang

One of the subdistricts in Magelang regency which has a problem with the Diabetes Mellitus Disease in the Sawangan District, especially in the area of Sawangan Public Health Center, namely Kalangan, Gondowangi Village. So as the resolve this problem must be done various efforts of early detection in solve the problem of Diabetes Mellitus. One of the solutions to solve this problem is the dissemination as early detection and utilization of Diabetes Mellitus herbal plants. With the socialization and utilization of herbal medicinal plants on Diabetes Mellitus, it is expected that the community can pay attention to healthy lifestyles in the future, reduce the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in the community and can take advantage of herbal treatments around the house so that people are not dependent on chemical or synthetic treatments that have side effects in the body. Keywords: diabetes mellitus; early detection; herbal medicinal plants Abstrak: Salah satu Kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Magelang yang terdapat masalah Diabetes Mellitus yaitu Kecamatan Sawangan khususnya di wilayah kerja Puskemas Sawangan II yaitu Dusun Kalangan desa Gondowangi. Sehingga untuk mengatasi hal tersebut harus di lakukan berbagai upaya Deteksi Dini dalam mengatasi masalah Diabetes Mellitus. Salah satu dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut di lakukan sosialisasi sebagai bagian deteksi dini Diabetes Mellitus dan pemanfaatan tanaman herbal Diabetes Melitus. Dengan di adakannya sosialisasi dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) tentang Diabetes Melitus di harapkan mayarakat kedepannya dapat memperhatikan pola hidup sehat, mengurangi kejadian penyakit Diabetes Melitus di masyarakat dan dapat memanfaatkan pengobatan herbal di sekitar rumah agar masyarakat tidak ketergantungan dengan pengobatan kimia atau sintetik yang mempunyai efek samping dalam tubuh. Kata kunci: deteksi dini; diabetes mellitus; tanaman obat keluarga

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DENTAL SURGEON IN DENTAL CARE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects a high proportion of the Brazilian population. Various organs are affected, including oral tissues. Thus, the objective of this article is to review the relationship between DM and oral health, highlighting the importance of the dentist's performance in affected patients. The method used was a literature review using the following databases: LILACS, BBO, SCIELO and Google Scholar, using the keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus and dentistry, dentist and diabetic patients. The method used was a literature review using the following databases: LILACS, BBO, SCIELO and Google Scholar, using the keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus and dentistry, dentist and diabetic patients. As a result, it showed the consensus among studies on the finding that patients with DM have oral problems, gingival and periodontal disease, abnormalities in the composition of saliva, among others. Regarding caries in diabetics, there is no unanimity, some studies confirm the increase in caries in this group, in others this relationship is not significant. The study shows that dental control is paramount in the treatment and prevention of DM. Oral health education can minimize the risks caused by this pathology. The well-prepared dentist can contribute to the prevention and early diagnosis of diabetes complications, an essential factor for a good treatment of the disease and a better quality of life for these individuals.

ANALISIS GEN TCF7L2 (Trancription Factor 7 Like 2) PADA KELUARGA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 KECAMATAN TANGGULANGIN, KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by not produced insulin or disruption of insulin action. Diabetes mellitus was reported correlated with TCF7L2 gene mutation. This study aimed to analyze the TCF7L2 gene in families with type 2 diabetes. 5 samples were used in this study, the methods flow through DNA Isolation, PCR, and sequencing. Samples were amplified by the PCR technique using primers that were designed to detect the TCF7L2 gene, (F: 5'-GGCTTGATTGTTGATTATGGGC3' and R:5 'TCTGGCACTCAGAGAGT 3'). The amplification and sequencing resulted in 368 bp (located at 103631-103972 bp). We found a transition mutation at C103950T. The polymorphisms found may characteristic in this population because they are not found in other sequences. Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, TCF7L2 gene, mutation

SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Noval Therapuetic Agent in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Sodium Glucose Co-transporter2 inhibitors are one of the latest anti diabetic drugs that are approved by USFDA. It include Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin , Ipragliflozin,Empagliflozin, Tofogliflozin,and Luscogliflozin. They act by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of glucose in kidney and increasing urinary excretion of glucose. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the workload of the proximal tubules and improve tubulointerstitial hypoxia, and allow fibroblasts to start normal erythropoietin production, and thereby exhibit renoprotection .These drugs have beneficial role in the reduction of HbA1c, cardiovascular risk factors and proteinuria. Use of SGLT2 inhibitor is contraindicated in patients with estimated GFR less than 30 mL/min or End stage renal failure Genitourinary infections are most common adverse effects associated with these drugs, predominantly in female. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Hyperfiltration, Natriuresis, Macroalbuminuria, Endothelial dysfunction, Intraglomerular filtration, ketoacidosis, amputations, apoptosis

Endocrine and Metabolic Systems

The endocrine system and the nervous system work in synchrony to maintain homeostasis in the body. Growth, development, reproduction, blood pressure, concentrations of ions and other substances in blood, and even behavior are all regulated by the endocrine system. Endocrine physiology involves the secretion of hormones and their subsequent actions on target tissues. The present overview focuses on the endocrine physiology and the pathophysiologic states that influence the growth and development of an individual. This review contains 11 tables, and 27 references. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, thyroid, parathyroid hormone, hypoparathyroid, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland, carbohydrate metabolism, protein, lipids

Evolocumab in treatment of acute pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common emergency resulting from inflammation of the pancreas. The mechanism involves premature activation of enzyme precursors in the acinar cells triggering a self-digestive inflammatory cascade. Hypertriglyceridemia is the most common etiology of pancreatitis after gall stones and alcohol. It usually follows a sudden surge such as diabetic ketoacidosis on top of hereditary hyperlipidemia. In the present case report; we describe a patient with type-I diabetes mellitus who had developed recurrent attacks of hypertriglyceridemia AP (HTG-AP) despite Fenfibrate-therapy and report on our experience with Evolocumab in his treatment and prophylaxis. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, pancreatitis, prophylaxis, treatment.

Observational Study of Diabetes Mellitus Required Surgical Managment of Last Three Years

Abstract- Diabetes mellitus is reaching potentially epidemic proportion in India. The level of morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and its potential complications are diabetes is now being shown to be associated with a spectrum of complications and to be occurring at a relatively younger age within the country. Patients suffering from Prameha may develop Prameha pidika are of ten types. Among this types most are resembles with carbuncle and abscess, these must be treated surgically. This study was designed in questionnaire to study details of diabetes patients and evaluate incidence rate of surgical interventions required in Diabetes mellitus which is described in Ayurveda as Prameha and its prevalence in current scenario. Surgical interventions include amputation, debridement and fasciotomy followed by skin grafting in few cases. This is retrograde observational study, include of surgical interventions in IPD patients of Diabetes mellitus in an equipped hospital from eastern region of Pune, having OPD 70 to 100 patients per day of surgery department. Keywords- Diabetes mellitus, amputation, debridement and fasciotomy

Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética: uma revisão

Introdução: A retinopatia diabética é uma severa complicação recorrente do diabetes 1 e 2, afastá-la exige um acompanhamento médico enérgico e uma atenção principalmente para o controle de seus fatores de risco. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética a partir de publicações recentes em base de dados diversas. Metodologia: Pesquisa retrospectiva, não-sistemática das bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e Pubmed empregando os termos “retinopatia diabética”, “diabetes mellitus”, “fatores de risco”, “nefropatia diabética”, “glaucoma”, “catarata”, “miopia”, “controle glicêmico”, “hipertensão”, “dislipidemia”, “obesidade”, “gestação” e seus equivalentes em língua inglesa. Resultados: Os principais fatores de risco elegidos foram divididos em seções didáticas e explanados para melhor elucidação do tema. Conclusão: Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética há algumas décadas são discutidos e avaliados em diversas pesquisas por diferentes regiões e mostram resultados confluentes em todo mundo. Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus, Retinopatia diabética, Fatores de risco. ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a severe recurrent complication of diabetes 1 and 2, moving it away requires vigorous medical monitoring and attention primarily to control of its risk factors. Objective: To identify risk factors for diabetic retinopathy from recent publications in a variety of databases. Methods: Non-systematic search of Lilacs, SciELO and Pubmed databases using the terms "diabetic retinopathy", "diabetes mellitus", "risk factors", "diabetic nephropathy", "glaucoma", "cataract", "myopia", "Glycemic control", "hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "obesity", "gestation" And their equivalents in English. Results: The main risk factors chosen were divided into didactic sections and explanations to better elucidate the theme. Conclusion: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy for some decades are discussed and evaluated in several researches by different regions and show confluent results worldwide. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Risk factors.