Penalisation of Kurdish children under the Turkish Anti-Terror Law: Abandonment, sovereignty and lawfare

This article explores how the disproportionate penalisation of Kurdish minors under the Turkish Anti-Terror Law informs their political imagination and experiences of the Turkish state. By depriving Kurdish children of the rights to which they are otherwise entitled as minor citizens of Turkey, the Anti-Terror Law takes the form of a vertical relation of abandonment that excludes children from the law’s protection. Drawing on ethnographic research I conducted in a south-eastern town of Turkey bordering Syria, I contextualise the abandonment of Kurdish children within Turkey’s growing lawfare, whereby the Turkish state resorts to criminal prosecutions and mass incarceration as means to discipline the populace. Kurdish children’s abandonment in the midst of lawfare encourages a wide range of social groups to exert control and harm on them with impunity behind and beyond bars. The resultant web of constant punishment and surveillance reinforces the image of the lawmaker as an omnipotent entity that, children come to believe, haunts them on a daily basis. Abstract in Kurmanji Cezakirina zarokên kurd di bin hiqûqa dij-terorî ya tirk de: Terkandin, serwerî û nelihevkirina demdirêj Ev gotar dixwaze lêbikole ka çawa cezakirina bênisbet a zarokên kurd a bi rêya Hiqûqa Dij-Terorî ya Tirk tesewir û tecrubeya wan a dewleta tirk berçav dike. Bi mehrûmkirina zarokên kurd ji mafên wan, ên ku di rewşa asayî de weke hemwelatiyên piçûk ên Tirkiyeyê tên qebûlkirin, Hiqûqa Dij-Terorî formeke têkiliya tîkane a terkandinê digre ku zarokan derveyî parastina hiqûqê dihêle. Li gor lêkolîna etnografîk a min li navçeyeke başûr-rojhilatê Tirkiyeyê yê nêzîkî sînorê Sûriyeyê kirî, ez terkandina zarokên kurd di nav nelihevkirina demdirêj ya Tirkiyeyê de bicih dikim, bi rêya ku dewleta tirk serî li darizandinên tawanbar û zindankirinên giştî dide weke amûrên dîsîplînkirina gel. Terkandina zarokên kurd di nav nelihevkirina demdirêj de grûbên civakî yên cûr bi cûr teşwîq dike ku kontrol û zirara xwe bigihînin wan bi rêya bêcezakirina li û pişt zindanê. Di encama tora ceza û kontrolên daîmî de wêneyê qanûndaneran weke hebûneke qadir, zarok wisa bawer dikin, bi rojane museletê wan dibe. Abstract in Sorani Szadanî mindallanî kurd le sayey yasay dje-tîrorî turkî: Desberdarbûn, serwerî û yasayî Em wtare lewe dekollêtewe ke çon szadanî nahawsenganey mêrmindallanî kurdî le sayey yasay djetîrorî turkda xeyall û ezmûnî ewan beramber dewlletî turk arayîşdedat. Be bêbeşkirdnî mindallanî kurd lew mafaney ke debwaye wek hawullatîyekî mêrmindallî turkya lêy behremend bin, yasay dje tîror şêwey peywendyekî stûnî desberdarbûn werdegrêt ke mindall dexate derewey parastinî yasayî . Hellêncan leser bnemay twêjîneweyekî îtnografî ke min le şaroçkeyekî başurî rojhellatî turkyay hawsinûrî surya encamim dawe, min destberdarkirdnî mindallanî kurd le naw yasay geşesendûy turkya dexeme syaqî ewey dewlletî turk wek dîspilînî cemawerî pena bo dadgay tawan û szadanî cemawer debat. Wedernanî mindallanî kurd le naw berrey yasa da, hanî grupgelî frawanî komellayetî dedat ta be parêzbendîyewe le pişt dîwarî bendîxane û ledereweyda kontrolyan bken û zyanyan pê bgeyenin. Torrî encamgîrî ew sza û çawdêrîye berdewame ew wênaye behêz dekat ke yasadaner desellatdarêkî rehaye, mindallanîş degene ew bawerrey ke rojane twanay rawkirdnî ewanî heye. Abstract in Zazaki Cezakerdişê domananê kurdan binê qanûnê verba terorî yê Tirkîya: teriknayîş, serdestî û qanûntacizîye Na meqale cigêrayîş kena ke nereşîdê kurdan senî bi hewayêko bênîsbet binê qanûnê verba terorî yê Tirkîya de ceza benê û no cezakerdiş senî xeyal û tecrubeyanê înan ê sîyasîyan bi dewleta Tirkîya ser o tesîr keno. Heqê ke normal de hemwelatîyê Tirkîya yê nereşîdî wayîrê înan ê, domanê kurdan ci ra bêpar yenê verdayene. Wina qanûnê verba terorî keweno şekilê têkilîya teriknayîşî ya tîkanîye ke bi no hewa domanan sitara qanûnî ra teber keno. Bi bingeyê cigêrayîşê etnografîkî ke mi sînorê Sûrîye şaristanêkê başûrê rojhelatê Tirkîya de kerd, ez teriknayîşê domananê kurdan çarçeweya binpaykerdişê qanûnî ke Tirkîya de her aver şono, tede qayîtê ci kena. Nê binpaykerdişê qanûnî de dewleta Tirkîya xo şanena taqîbatê cezayî û komhepiskerdişî ke wina şarî dîsîple bikero. Domanê kurdan ke mîyanê prosesanê qanûnî de teriknîyenê, no teriknayîş cesaret dano tewir-tewir grûbanê komelkîyan ke bandura xo domanan ser o ronê yan zî înan rê zerar bidê, bê ke nê grûbî zere yan zî teber ra ceza bibê. Netîceyê na torra ceza û nezaretî ya timine de, çimê domanan de qanûnviraştoxî benê çîyo ke her çî eşkeno bikero û her roje beno musalatê înan.

Quantities as Determinables

On the determinable/determinate model, a quantity like mass is a determinable that requires further determination by one of its determinates, where the latter are typically thought to be its magnitudes. This chapter argues that the determinable/determinate model does not provide a good fit for quantities. Instead of focusing on the vertical relation of determination, we should pay attention to the horizontal relations between magnitudes. Such relations, in particular ordering relations, can also explain the single value principle. Similarity relations among magnitudes, by contrast, are not sufficient to establish the metric relations characteristic of quantities.

The Role of Monetary Incentives: Bonus and/or Stimulus

In this paper, the role of the monetary incentives in the employee performance is investigated in the context of Public Administration (PA). In particular, the distribution of monetary incentives among the employees based on the position held, is compared with a merit approach which tends to recognize and reward individual contributions. Starting from a questionnaire, the informal network, which ignores the vertical relation among supervisor and employees, is created and a Centrality Index, based on the employee connections, has been defined and used to proxy the performance of employees. The main goals of the paper are to understand if the two mechanisms of monetary incentive distribution affect the employee performance, to analyze the variables that influence the employee performance, and therefore to identify the role of monetary incentives. The linear regression methodology has been chosen as a tool of analysis. Results show that the distribution of monetary incentives according to merit criteria rewards the employee performance and has positive effects on the employee performance in the short term.

The vertical Na–O relation in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6553

ABSTRACT In this article, we present a detailed chemical analysis of seven red giant members of NGC 6553 using high-resolution spectroscopy from VLT FLAMES. We obtained the stellar parameters (Teff, Log(g), vt, [Fe/H]) of these stars from the spectra, and we measured the chemical abundance for 20 elements, including light elements, iron-peak elements, α-elements, and neutron-capture elements. The metallicities in our sample stars are consistent with a homogeneous distribution. We found a mean of [Fe/H] = −0.14 ± 0.07 dex, in agreement with other studies. Using the α-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti, we obtain the mean of [α/Fe] = 0.11 ± 0.05. We found a vertical relation between Na and O, characterized by a significant spread in Na and an almost non-existent spread in O. In fact, Na and Al are the only two light elements with a large intrinsic spread, which demonstrates the presence of multiple populations (MPs). An intrinsic spread in Mg is not detected in this study. The α, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements show good agreement with the trend of the bulge field stars, indicating similar origin and evolution, in concordance with our previous studies for two other bulge globular clusters (NGC 6440 and NGC 6528).

The Use of Javanese by Society of Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat

This research aims to find out Javanese form and its relationship between locutor and interlocutor. This research is qualitative in nature. The location of this research is in the Surakarta Hadiningrat palace. The language variation used in this research is daily activity and official palace ceremonies. The data are derived from the verbal interaction among society of kraton in formal and informal situation. The data were collected by recording, observing, interviewing technique. The analysis data used Hymes, ethnography method communication. The result of the research shows that the Javanese forms consists of <em>ngoko, madya, krama, krama inggil, kedhaton</em> and even Indonesian. Related to the relation between locator and interlocutor, the form of Javanese affected by the horizontal and vertical relation accordance with social status in the palace. The pattern of using <em>ngoko, madya, krama</em> has changed, moreover when Indonesian has been their repertoire.

RELASI AGAMA DAN POLITIK (Kajian relasi Islam dan politikdalam berbagai dimensi)

Islam is a religion revealed by Allah swt as guidance for mankind in performing duties as creatures and kholifah of Allah SWT, is tasked to preserve and maintain the regulation of life, it means the regulation and life cycle are balance in social and vertical relation. While on the other side, there isa political term which is regulates the issue of social relations between humans and others, in order to maintain and achieve interests. Islam is as a religion that has a teaching and rules of a life, namely the Qur'an, is as a guide of life of Muslims, then the political issue (syiasah) has been arranged too. Thus, the questionis,the relationship between politics and religion is closely intertwined and intersect. But in practice in the field, there are some problems that have some interpretations differently,it separates the affairs of the world with the matter of the afterlife, which is to separate the affairs of politics and Religion. This happens because the political aspect is considered government power that it is not suitable with the Religion aim, such as, the loss of value of honesty, the thinness of the sense of brotherhood, and that there is the interests that it is became the main goal in politics.

On the CJEU’s post-Brexit case-law on European citizenship. The recovery of the identity Ariadne’s thread?

The CJEU over the years has helped to forge a concept of citizenship directed to be the “fundamental status of the nationals of the Member States”. However, since the Dereci ruling of 2011, the proactivity of the CJEU concerning the development of European citizenship seemed to have gradually exhausted itself, mostly as far as the so-called social citizenship. It happens, nonetheless, that this crucial moment the European Union faces demands the enhancement of its vertical relation with the citizenry – it is either this or fragmentation. And perhaps this is the subliminal message from the CJEU in three post-Brexit rulings that, decided in the Grand Chamber, surprisingly recover and develop the most emblematic case-law about the European citizenship – namely the Rottmann and Zambrano rulings – whose political potential and/or identity potential seemed irrevocably muzzled. The rulings Rendón Marín, CS and Petruhhin point to the connection between European citizenship and the fundamental rights protection in the EU and possibly even represent an attempt to recover the identity dimension of European citizenship, nourished by a sense of belonging to a community of rights and obligations.

PENERAPAN SYARI’AH DI NEGARA MODERN (Analisis Ijtihad Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im)

Islam is a holistic religion. It means that Islam is a religion which does not only focus on the vertical relation between humans and God but also contains rules of horizontal relation between man and man. Laws with social characteristic lead to the existence of a power as the doer, such as the application of all the punishments and public rewards (al-hudûd wa al-'uqûbât). This article analyzes the thought of Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im about syari’ah reformation which is relevant to the constitutionalism standard, criminal law, international law and modern human right, a vision of “syariat modern” which is suitable with the nation state concept which beyond the offering of the Nation of fundamentalist syariah and the offering of Modern Islamic Nation. The method used by Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im is the renewal method which is said as legalized evolution with hermeneutic as the main tool to reach the purpose and normative implication of the text as al-Qur’an. According to Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im, the failure of syari’ah application in modern country caused by the crisis on the traditional syari’ah methodology which became its base. Therefore, new syari’ah formulation is needed to be built on the new base. Naskh concept which is initiated by An-Na’im is for answering this crisis.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.734

Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Cephalometric Features of Anterior Open Bite among Yemeni Adults

Objective.The aim of this study is to determine the cephalometric features for a sample of Yemeni adults with anterior open bite.Material and Methods. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for 65 Yemeni university students (46 males and 19 females), 18–25 years old, with clinical anterior open bite (vertical overbite ≤ 0 mm) and no previous orthodontic treatment. The radiographs were manually traced; twelve angular, five linear measurements, and facial index were assessed, analyzed statistically, and compared to 194 Yemeni norms (89 males and 105 females) as well as cephalometric features of open bite subjects in previous studies.Results.Statistically significant differences were observed in skeletal and dental cephalometric values of Yemeni patients with anterior open bite when compared to Yemeni norms; mainly in the anteroposterior relation, the open bite individuals had higher significant value in SNA, SNB, and SNPg angles. In addition, a higher statistical significant difference was recorded in all variables of vertical relation when compared with norms. In contrast, NL-NSL angle revealed higher value among normal individuals. Dental variables among open bite individuals showed a greater degree of dental proclination, higher statistically significant value inI_-NA°,I_-NA mm and I-NB mm, and a lower significant value in U1-L1 in open bite group.Conclusion.Open bite Yemeni individual’s skeletal and dentoalveolar variables significantly differ from Yemeni norms in the extent of the anteroposterior, vertical developmental pattern and dental relations.