Application of Optimization to Sizing Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Management in Microgrids

The smart grid is the aggregation of emerging technologies in both hardware and software along with practices to make the existing power grid more reliable and ultimately more beneficial to consumers. The smart grid concept is associated with the production of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES). For the distant isolated regions, microgrids (MG) with RES are offering a suitable solution for remote and isolated region electrification. The improper sizing would lead to huge investment cost which could have been avoided. The objective of this chapter is to review the state-of-the-art studies on the use of optimization techniques to renewable energy design and sizing. The chapter reviews the optimization techniques employed at different components of the microgrid including the energy sources, storage elements, and converters/inverters with their control systems.

A Comparative Study on Working Capital Management of Tata Motors Limited and Maruti Suzuki India Limited

The automobile industry in India is one of the speedily growing industry. Working Capital Management is important in this industry due to increasing demand and huge investment in this sector requires proper management. Working Capital Management perform a vital role in the success and failure of a business due to its effect on the performance and liquidity. Thereby this study has been undertaken to Comparative analyse working capital management of Tata Motors Limited and Maruti Suzuki India Limited for the period of seven years from 2013-14 to 2019-20. In this study three objectives are set for research. The first one was to assess the impact of working capital on sales, second was to assess the impact of working capital on profitability and third was to evaluate the working capital performance of the companies under study through the use of various financial ratios. The study reflects that the efficiency of working capital management of the companies is influenced by the Liquidity Ratios, Debtor Turnover Ratio, Inventory Turnover Ratio and profitability Ratio.

The Key Criteria in Deciding to Tender for Construction Projects

Planning for a construction project is a formidable task which involves a huge investment with multiple stakeholders such as clients, consultants, and contractors. A tender is a submission of a technical, administrative, and contractual material made by a potential contractor in response to an invitation to tender by the project client. Established contractors normally realise the importance of doing initial research before committing themselves to enter the tender. Normally, tender pre-qualification is a strict process. A low-quality tender submitted due to problems such as insufficient time and incomplete tender documents normally lead to tender rejection by the client. Thus, this research aimed to provide a strategy to help the contractors in deciding whether they should or should not submit a tender at the initial tendering decision phase. The literature review was focused on the key factors identified in influencing the decision-making process and in the final part, the initial conceptual model was established

Geo-textile in Riverbank-Embankment Protection from Flood Flow Erosion

Bank erosion of rivers, e.g. Bagmati, Burhi Gandak, Kosi and Kamla-Balan, all originating in the Himalayan hills of Nepal and flowing through the alluvial plains of North Bihar, is a chronic and common phenomenon. Cutting and deposition result in shifting or meandering of the river endangering the embankment, road, bridge, barrage, and countryside. Anti-erosion and maintenance require huge investment. The river Kamla-Balan faces bank erosion throughout its embanked length, but stretches at km 37 and 62 are highly unstable and vulnerable. This paper deals with the problem, presents the hydrological details responsible for the hazard, and demonstrates the effectiveness of supplementary geo-textile with conventional sand filter pitching to protect the soil and slope of the riverbank. Estimated flood discharge and velocity at 100 years of return period is nearly 2100 cumecs and 0.9 m/sec, respectively. Riverbed and bank material is represented by silt with d50 of 0.018 to 0.05 mm while 0.02 mm of silt may get eroded and transported by flow above 0.15 m/s. Launching apron is also required due to local scour. Model study test shows its suitability under various hydraulic conditions. Study reveals the effectiveness of woven type geo-textile reinforced revetment irrespective of cost and environmental consideration.

Quantification of the Animal Tuberculosis Multi-Host Community Offers Insights for Control

Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-host zoonotic disease whose prevalence in cattle herds in Europe has been increasing, despite a huge investment in eradication. The composition of the host community is a fundamental driver of pathogen transmission, and yet this has not been formally quantified for animal TB in Europe. We quantified multi-host communities of animal TB, using stochastic models to estimate the number of infected domestic and wild hosts in three regions: officially TB-free Central–Western Europe, and two largely TB-endemic regions, the Iberian Peninsula and Britain and Ireland. We show that the estimated number of infected animals in the three regions was 290,059–1,605,612 and the numbers of infected non-bovine domestic and wild hosts always exceeded those of infected cattle, with ratios ranging from 3.3 (1.3–19.6):1 in Britain and Ireland to 84.3 (20.5–864):1 in the Iberian Peninsula. Our results illustrate for the first time the extent to which animal TB systems in some regions of Europe are dominated by non-bovine domestic and wild species. These findings highlight the need to adapt current strategies for effective future control of the disease.

USER AWARENESS OF VALUE ADDED SERVICES OFFERED BY THE BANKS IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT

The value added services not only helps a bank to reduce costs but also helps it to retain its valuable customers. As far as customers are concerned, this facility enables the customer to bank anywhere, at any time and in any condition. Creation of Value Added Service facilities involve very huge investment; in order to improve the operational efficiency of these facilities the banks should encourage the usage of value added services among the customers. In this context a study was undertaken to understand the awareness and adoption of Value Added Service among the customers. The results of the study revealed that majority of customers, who aware of value added services were young, graduated and most of them were self-employed.Education, monthly income and occupational status were positively influenced the awareness level of value added services. Time saving and comport in using the technology was the important factors influenced the adoption of value added services. KEY WORDS: Adoption, Awareness, Value added services

MODEL PENENTUAN TARIF MENGGUNAKAN MINIMISASI BIAYA DAN PERMINTAAN INPUT UNTUK PERUSAHAAN MONOPOLI

Provision of some public goods, such as drinking water, electricity, gas, telephone, in many countries is generally done by the government. This is due to the firm is a natural monopoly, meaning that these companies require a huge investment, so that the level of efficiency can be achieved when the large scale of production. The problem is what price should be charged to the public? This study aimed to determine the price of a good in theory. The method used is minimization cost of production (through indirect cost function) with the constraints of the production function.

Trudności tłumaczenia Pana Tadeusza Adama Mickiewicza na język arabski na podstawie mojego przekładu Księgi pierwszej

Difficulties in Translating Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz into Arabic on the Basis of my Translation of Book One My task of translating Pan Tadeusz was accompanied by various complications which concerned not only the form (metrics, rhythm, and rhymes), but also the proper rendering of the meaning of individual words and intricate idioms. Book One of Pan Tadeusz in my translation has not yet been published, as I am working on subsequent books. Due to various difficulties, the translation of this work is a very complex process that requires much care and a huge investment of time. Polish and Arabic are separate crucibles of very different cultures and social environments. There is no doubt that the language of poetry has specific rhythmic and morphological features. This increases the complexity of translation, since apart from mastering the language and understanding precisely the meaning of phrases and expressions, the translator needs to grasp the sense of metaphors and preserve the form of a poem to a lesser or greater extent. As for the form, I initially used eight feet in each verse. However, this method turned out to be imperfect, because the use of eight-foot verse significantly lengthens the text compared to the original. That is why I finally used the format of a thirteen-syllable poem, as in the work of Mickiewicz. However, this is a very difficult task and a huge challenge because Arabic words very often contain more syllables than their Polish counterparts, and unfortunately in most cases they cannot be translated into words with fewer syllables. Despite the difficulties of searching for rhymes and at the same time rendering the content of the verse, the rhymes have been kept in the same order as in the original, i.e. even rhymes (aabb). The abundance of synonyms in the Arabic language made this matter much easier.

The Prospect of Turboprop Commercial Flight in Indonesia

The transportation between remote cities and different islands in Indonesia needs to be served by aviation. One possibility to connect cities with short distance is by using small aircraft, such as the turboprop aircraft. However, the feasibility of such aircraft should be examined due to its huge investment and profitability. This study tries to determine the route network of turboprop aircraft in Indonesia using Ryerson and Ge’s approach (2014) by examining spatial trends for short-haul aviation and on the regional jet routes. The possibility of turboprop flight on the regional jet routes could be assessed by a distance-based and fuel-time trade-off with three scenarios of fuel price. To validate the potential network of turboprop aircraft, binary logit model predict the probability that a route is fit served by a turboprop. This study shows that more than half of the current regional jet routes in Indonesia can be operated by turboprop aircraft. However, the route which farther than its range capability should be operated with regional jet.

Weld Flaw Detection Based on Likelihood Estimation and Wavelet Transform

The metals are fused at high temperature using various welding methods to form mechanical structures. The structural stability is achieved in metals by the proper welding process utilized. The failure may result in disaster and huge investment has to be incurred towards building the flawless structures. It is always preferred to check the quality of the weld before the final welded structure is used for its actual application. Though visual inspections could solve problems tentatively valid for low production rates, there are scenarios where visual inspection fails and needs high end methods to analyze the quality of welded joints. Several measurement techniques have evolved and help the user community. The objective of this paper is reviewing such earlier methods in the relevant domain of research and tabulates the various merits and demerits so as to find a method to overcome earlier drawbacks. Further, edge detection is done based on adaptive thresholding method to find the weld flaws