Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Various Landscape Processes and Their Driving Factors Based on the OPGD Model for the Jiaozhou Bay Coast Zone, China

To date, various studies have analyzed changes in the landscape but there are few studies which have explored landscape processes and the corresponding driving factors. This study makes up for this deficiency in the systematic theoretical exposition and the spatiotemporal analysis of landscape processes. The results show that the amount of arable land outflow and built-up land inflow have resulted in an increase of 92,311.11 ha of built-up land that is mostly distributed around the administrative center and along the coast of Jiaozhou Bay. The outflow of ecological land is a major resource for replenishing arable land, by 37,016.19 ha, especially in terms of the grassland that is distributed in the hilly areas west of Jiaozhou Bay. The outflow of the salt-field, fish-farm and ecological land outflow have good connectivity, a large patch size, and an irregular shape. The ecological type, elevation, slope, and vegetation coverage are the four factors that have a great influence on all landscape processes. A gentler slope and lower elevation, and proximity to cities and towns land will produce more arable land outflow and built-up land inflow. However, arable land inflow and ecological land outflow are the opposite. This research will guide natural resource management for a rapidly developing coastal zone.

Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the State of Sergipe/Brazil and Its Relationship with Social Indicators

A pandemic is capable of generating a great impact, not only from the point of view of health, but also socioeconomically. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that a new pandemic situation had arisen, due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose probable origin was zoonotic. The largest number of cases of this disease is concentrated in the United States of America (USA), India, and Brazil. The mortality rate is estimated at 3.4%, but regional differences may exist, and places with a high demographic density have become true epicentres and may be related to higher rates of transmission. In addition to the above, lower human development indexes (HDI) can be related to worse outcomes, especially in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil since they are the least developed places. The Northeast region is the second-most-affected place in the number of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. An analytical observational study of an ecological type was carried out from April to October 2020 to assess the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the state of Sergipe and specifically to analyse the incidence of cases and deaths resulting from COVID-19 in the different health regions of the state of Sergipe, in relation to the values of the HDI and demographic density. During the study period, 84,325 cases of COVID-19 were identified, in which 2205 resulted in death. In most of the regions studied, there was a positive association between the number of cases and deaths and the greater the demographic density, but there was no increase in the risk of becoming ill, nor of dying the lower the HDI. Large and crowded cities are places of greatest vulnerability to illness, due to their greater capacity of transmitting the virus; however, further studies are needed to identify other factors that are decisive in the outcomes of this new disease.

Criteria for attracting plants for introduction to the steppe zone of Khakassia

Based on the research carried out in 1995-2019, the main approaches to the selection of criteria for attracting introduced species in the dry conditions of Khakassia are substantiated. The objects of research are 14 species of medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. different areas of origin. During the introduction, we used the method of comparing climates and generally accepted research methods. The most promising sources of source material are species that have Euro-Asian, Siberian-Central Asian, and North American ranges; by belt-zonal type - forest-steppe, mountain-steppe boreal; by ecological type - species from the group of mesoxerophytes, xeropetrophytes that have wide ecological amplitude, the requirements of which correspond to the conditions of the sharply continental climate of Khakassia.

Caracterização das internações por glaucoma

RESUMOObjetivo: caracterizar as internações por glaucoma notificadas no Brasil. Método: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo do tipo ecológico. Foi utilizado o banco de dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares/Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, no período de janeiro de 2008 a outubro de 2017. Os dados foram processados e analisados no Tabwin versão 4.14 para Windows e Microsoft Excel 2013. Resultados: obteve-se 33.079 notificações de internações. Com predominância do sexo masculino, cor/raça não declarada, caráter de atendimento eletivo e em regime público. A faixa etária mais notificada foi entre 60 e 69 anos e em relação ao ano com maiores notificações, destacou-se 2016 e 2017. Conclusão: há grande número de internações por glaucoma, apesar das subnotificações e casos não detectados. Identificou-se o perfil das internações por glaucoma no país, de forma a promover subsídio à criação de políticas públicas e aos planos de cuidado que favoreçam a prevenção dos agravos da doença. Assim, facilita o trabalho da equipe multiprofissional, no sentido de direcionar as suas ações de educação em saúde, importantes à diminuição das consequências, internações e cegueira irreversível. Descritores: Glaucoma; Sistemas de Informação; Epidemiologia; Enfermagem; Educação em Saúde; Fatores de Risco. ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the hospitalizations for glaucoma notified in Brazil. Method: a quantitative study, retrospective of ecological type. It was used the database of the Hospital Information System/Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System of the Ministry of Health, in the period from January 2008 to October 2017. The data were processed and analyzed in the Tabwin version 4.14 for Windows and Microsoft Excel 2013. Results: we obtained 33,079 notifications of hospitalizations. With a predominance of males, color/race unreported, character of elective care and public system. The age group most notified was between 60 and 69 years old and in relation to the year with larger notifications, stood out 2016 and 2017. Conclusion: there is a great number of hospitalizations for glaucoma, despite underreporting and undetected cases. We identified the profile of hospitalizations for glaucoma in the country, in order to promote subsidy to the creation of public policies and to plans of care that promote the prevention of aggravation of the disease. Thus, it facilitates the work of the multiprofessional team, in order to direct its actions in health education, important to decrease the consequences, hospitalizations, and irreversible blindness. Descritores: Glaucoma; Information Systems; Epidemiology; Nursing; Health Education; Risk Factors. RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar las hospitalizaciones debido a glaucoma notificados en Brasil. Método: un estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo del tipo ecológico. Se utilizó la base de datos del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria/Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud del Ministerio de Salud, en el período comprendido desde enero de 2008 hasta octubre de 2017. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados en el Tabwin versión 4.14 para Windows y Microsoft Excel 2013. Resultados: hemos obtenido 33,079 notificaciones de hospitalizaciones. Con un predominio del sexo masculino, raza/color no declarada, de carácter electivo y el sistema público de atención. El grupo de edad más notificado fue entre 60 y 69 años de edad y en relación con el año con mayor número de notificaciones sobresalió en 2016 y 2017. Conclusión: existe un gran número de hospitalizaciones debido al glaucoma, a pesar del subregistro y los casos no detectados. Hemos identificado el perfil de hospitalizaciones por glaucoma en el país, a fin de promover la subvención la creación de políticas públicas y planes de cuidado que promueven la prevención del agravamiento de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto, facilita el trabajo del equipo multiprofesional para dirigir sus acciones en educación para la salud, importante para reducir las consecuencias, hospitalizaciones y ceguera irreversible. Descriptores: Glaucoma; Sistemas de Información; Epidemiología; Enfermería; Educación en Salud; Factores de Riesgo.

PERSPECTIVES OF USING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN EUROPE

The article is devoted to the issues of the functioning and development of energy in each country, caused mainly by the economic expediency of renewable energy and the requirements of energy independence. Also, the article examines the importance of replacing traditional fuels with alternative energy sources. The international experience of the countries in the field of efficient use of available natural resources of the fuel and energy complex and enhancement of the potential of the energy sector have been analyzed. A number of common characteristics and directions of energy efficiency improvement for European countries are highlighted. Alternative types of energy and measures necessary for their implementation have been offered. The potential resources of renewable energy sources have been analyzed. The article is devoted to the use of economical and ecological type of fuel - biofuel for Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of the situation on the energy market, renewable energy is examine, which plays a compensatory role in global energy consumption in the conditions of growing exhaustion of non-renewable sources.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DENGUE'S INCIDENCE ON CERES-GO COUNTY BETWEEN 2012 AND 2015

Dengue is an infectious disease caused by a virus Flaviirus genus, transmitted by a vector, the Aedes aegypti. The aim of this study was promote an epidemiological study to identify the incidence of dengue cases reported in the city of Ceres, Goiás. Study was conducted epidemiological, descriptive, ecological type, cross-sectional, quantitative, accomplished by the data collection of the number of reported and confirmed cases of dengue, in the 2012 period to 2015, provided by municipal surveillance in the city of Ceres, Goiás, and the site of the Goiás State Department of Health. Between 2012 to 2015 were reported 4556 dengue cases in the municipality of Ceres, and of these, 45.96% were confirmed by serological tests. Of the total cases reported during this period (n = 4.566), 50.53% (2.290) are the only cases reported in 2015. The incidence rate of the disease in 2015, in Ceres, was 11.051 cases / 100.000 inhabitants, values surpass the previous years (2012-2014). This result demonstrates the high burden of disease in the population of this municipality in 2015. The data also suggest the addition of a new serotype in the region. This increase of the risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever, which characterized as a complication of classic disease, however, data for cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were not available. There was a considerable increase in the number of dengue cases in 2015 compared to previous years, 2012 to 2014. This growth suggests that serological studies focusing on serotypes detection should be conduct on region. KEY WORDS: Aedes aegypti; serogroup; epidemics.

Demographic responses of boreal-montane orchid Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. populations to contrasting environmental conditions

<p>In an age of changes in species’ geographical ranges, compounded by climatic and anthropogenic impacts, it become important to know which processes and factors influence plant populations and their persistence in the long term.</p><p>Here we investigated dynamic and fitness components in twelve populations of <em>Malaxis monophyllos</em> (L.) Sw., situated in different geographical (regions) and ecological (type of habitat) units. Although <em>M. monophyllos</em> is a rare species, characterized by highly fragmented, boreal-montane distribution range, in last few decades it successfully colonized secondary habitats in Polish uplands. Our results indicate that <em>M. monophyllos</em> is represented mainly by small populations, which annual spatial and temporal changes might be very high, what affects the ephemeral character of these populations, regardless of the region and type of habitat. This dynamic structure, in turn, is caused by intensive exchange of individuals in populations, as well as by their short above-ground life span. Despite the large range of variation in size and reproductive traits, we can distinguish some regional patterns, which indicate boreal region as the most optimal for <em>M. monophyllos</em> growth and persistence in the long term, and with montane and upland/anthropogenic populations, due to lower reproductive parameters, as the most threatened. Although it should be considered that anthropogenic populations, despite their lower reproductive parameters and instability in the long term, present an intermediate, geographical and ecological character, therefore they may be valuable in shaping, both <em>M. monophyllos</em>’ future range, as well as its potential for response on ongoing and future changes. In general, reproduction is the main factor differentiating of <em>M. monophyllos</em> populations in regions, and we can suspect that it may become the cause of the future differentiation and isolation of these populations, occurring with progressive range fragmentation.</p>

Analysis of Types and Selection of Ecological-Type Revetment in Town's River Channel Construction

There are many kinds of Ecological-type revetment, including types of Natural vegetation, Masonry, Eco-Concrete and so on. What is more, the engineering characteristics, economic cost, suitable condition of application are all different. Therefore we should choose appropriate types of ecological-type revetment in the construction of river channel for small cities and towns. This article includes the overview of the progress of ecological-type revetment rectification measures, the types and characteristics of ecological-type revetment. Selection principles of economics, security, aesthetics as well as the consideration of the idea of harmonious coexistence between man and water in ecological-type revetment construction are proposed.