Metaphor as an object of the synergy paradigm study

The article investigates the ontognoseological properties of metaphor from the point of view of the synergetic paradigm. By the principles of synergetic science, metaphor is considered as a nonlinear system category that performs a system-forming, heuristic, generalizing function. With the help of the principle of subordination, complex systems are described through a limited number of order parameters, as a result of which information is compressed without loss. The metaphor has its origins in the economy: as a method of abstraction, the transition from the infinite to the finite, and the reduction of lexical means. Metaphor is a way of transmitting an idea that has a methodological significance, i.e. one theoretical system is translated into another and one system is investigated through another, simpler system. Metaphor as a dynamic formation establishes connections between objects of different orders and processes in their development in space and time, which allows you to explore metaphors using the principles of synergetics.

IZVOĐENjE DOKAZA VJEŠTAČENjEM U PARNIČNOM POSTUPKU: ostvaruju li se načela vladavine prava?

The paper deals with the issues of control of court experts in civil proceedings by the court as well as the question of how much the civil court really manages the expertise. The analysis of the judicatures points to practical problems arising from expertise in civil proceedings, in parallel detecting the reasons for such problems in expert proceedings both in the Republic of Croatia and in the European Union. Individual characteristic cases from practice are the subject of qualitative research because the intention of the analysis was twofold. On the one hand, identify concrete examples of unethical behaviour, and on the other hand, use the method of abstraction and indicative method of establishing facts to point out to systematic gaps that may pose a risk of unethical behaviour in the justice sector, regardless of existing mechanisms to strengthen judicial integrity. For the purpose of the analysis, telephone interviews were conducted among judges, lawyers and court experts. The conducted interviews of targeted respondents serve to further verify the credibility of the results of this analysis. The collected data indicate practical problems in the implementation of certain legal solutions. The perspective of the interviewed interlocutors is based on the knowledge and experience gained in practice, which is certainly an important factor in assessing the improvement, but also the degree of optimization of the existing legal framework of the subject-matter complex of problems.

Current state and directions of small and medium-sized businesses development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article analyzes the current state of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author reveals the essence of business through the prism of public administration and defines its role in the economy of Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, the features and systemic problems in the functioning of small and mediumsized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied. When analyzing the current state and development of SMEs in the Republic, the method of collecting information and, in part, the method of abstraction were used for effective search, grouping, processing and generalization of the necessary material. The study of the economic dynamics of indicators by means of a comparative method to establish cause –and-effect relationships and identify systemic problems of state regulation and development of small business. Through the application of appropriate general and private economic methods, promising directions for further development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan were developed, which include: improving the strategy and tactics of interaction between representatives of SME and the authorities; improving legislation (tax, financial and innovation) in the field of SME support; improving mechanisms that ensure access to financial resources for SME; creation of Centers financed by state for the training specialized personnel and intensification of the development of modern forms of business integration.

O trzech rodzajach abstrakcji

The article discusses three ways of applying the method of abstraction in philosophical research. The first is related to classical philosophy and Aristotle’s method, the second to early modern philosophy referring to mathematics and natural sciences as a model, and the third one to broadly understood transcen-dental philosophy, using a specific type of insight into the structure of the subject.

Metaphysics of linguistic signs

The aim of the paper is to elaborate on the metaphysical distinction between ideal signs and physical signs in terms of the method of abstraction. Ideal signs are derived from physical signs by eliminating certain kinds of properties as theoretically superfluous. Ideal signs are claimed to be instructions that prescribe how physical signs are to be produced in their graphic form, acoustic form or any other suitable form. It is examined which level of abstraction is permitted in the case of ideal signs, i.e., which properties can be eliminated while admitting that the resulting abstract object can be still considered a sign. It is argued that one cannot eliminate the properties that are connected with the syntactic and semantic aspects of signs.

Karakteristik dan Implikasi Sains Barat Modern Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup

Advances in science and technology have made many human activities easier. Such as convenience in transportation, communication, industry, and security. However, it cannot be denied that many negative impacts are also caused by science and technology, including the environment. The problem that originally wanted to be solved by science and technology turned out to be even more complicated. This study will examine how the characteristics and implications of modern Western science on the environment in a Theological review. This research uses the method of abstraction, holistica, and hermeneutical circles. characteristics of modern Western science are based on rationalists, empiricists, and anthropocentric. So that it has bad implications for the environment, the pattern of human interaction with the environment becomes destructive and exploitative of nature.

ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF AGILE METHODOLOGY

Introduction. The article considers the Agile methodology, its conceptual principless and studies the main accounting aspects of its implementation in realizing the projects of software development. Purpose. The aim of the research consists in studying accounting and control within the framework of Agile-methodology. Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the study is a set of general and specific methods of knowledge of economic phenomena on the basis of systematic approach. In order to ground theoretical and methodological approaches to accounting and analysis of processes which are associated with the formation of production costs we have used method of induction and deduction, method of analysis and synthesis, method of abstraction and analogy. Results. The article analyzes the popularity of practical use of Agile approach and determines the advantages from its use as well as defines the accounting related problems. The ways of eliminating the complications of using the flexible approach in project management in financial accounting are defined.

Intellectual Development of Elementary Schoolchildren and Their Performance on the Vygotsky-Sakharov Method

An attempt was made to reproduce L.S. Vygotsky’s study on development of concepts, in order to identify ways that contemporary 7- and 9-year-olds use to solve the task of the Vygotsky’s cubes (double stimulation technique). The assumption about the relationship between the dominant method of abstraction used by elementary schoolchildren and their level of intellectual development was tested. For the purposes of the study 197 children enrolled in 1st (n = 102) and 3rd classes (n = 95) were tested. Our results partially coincide with those obtained by other authors, and the differences and similarities are discussed. Qualitative differences in performance on the double stimulation technique were also found between the children scoring high versus low scores on the Raven’s SPM test, showing different thinking processes between those groups. We discuss the significance for further research of obtained relationship between the elementary schoolchildren approach to the double stimulation technique and the level of their intellectual development.

USSR CONSTITUTIONAL OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE: HISTORY, LEGAL STATUS, ACTIVITY

This article considers the history of the creation and legal status of USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, a specialized body established to ensure legal protection of the Constitution of the USSR. It is noted that the formation of this institution should be viewed with respect to the tasks set in the Soviet state in the late 1980s and early 1990s: democratization of state administration, overcoming separatist tendencies, implementation of radical economic reform, and formation of a socialist legal state. In the study, the author used analytical, formal-legal methods, the method of abstraction, which allowed formulating main conclusions. Analyzing the legal status of the USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, the author comes to the conclusion that its powers were of a limited nature: in the conditions of denying the principle of separation of powers, they did not dispute the supremacy of USSR Congress of People’s Deputies in the system of state power bodies. In those years, the activities of the Committee were considered not so much as jurisdictional, but as political and legal. The article categorizes the powers of the USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, some of which were of control nature, but most of them were of supervisory or expert-consultative nature. Investigating the practice of the the USSR Constitutional Oversight Committee, the author concludes that the legal positions contained in its decisions significantly influenced the further development of domestic legislation and constitutional justice in Russia.