Genetic propensity for obesity, socioeconomic position, and trajectories of body mass index in older adults

AbstractIdentifying how socioeconomic positioning and genetic factors interact in the development of obesity is imperative for population-level obesity prevention strategies. The current study investigated whether social positioning, either independently or through interaction with a polygenic score for Body Mass Index (BMI-PGS), influences BMI trajectories across older adulthood. Data were analysed from 7,183 individuals from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Interactions between the BMI-PGS and; lower educational attainment, self-perceived social status (SSS), and income, on BMI trajectories over 12 years across older adulthood were investigated through linear mixed effects models. Lower educational attainment, SSS and income were each associated with a higher baseline BMI for women, but not for men. There were interaction effects between BMI-PGS and social positioning such that men aged > 65 with a lower educational attainment (β = 0.62; 95%CI 0.00 – 1.24, p < 0.05), men aged ≤ 65 of a lower income (β = − 0.72, 95%CI − 1.21 - − 0.23, p < 0.01) and women aged ≤ 65 of lower SSS (β = − 1.41; 95%CI − 2.46 – 0.36, p < 0.01) showed stronger associations between the BMI-PGS and baseline BMI. There were few associations between markers of socioeconomic position and rate of change in BMI over the follow-up period. In sum, lower socioeconomic positioning showed adverse associations with women’s BMI in older adulthood. Moreover, the expression of the BMI-PGS, or extent to which it translates to a higher BMI, was subtly influenced by socioeconomic standing in both women and in men.

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Genetic propensity for obesity, socioeconomic position, and trajectories of body mass index in older adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-806304/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristiane Tommerup ◽

Olesya Ajnakina ◽

Andrew Steptoe

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Body Mass ◽

Population Level ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Social Positioning ◽

Bmi Trajectories ◽

Baseline Bmi ◽

Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract Background Identifying how socioeconomic positioning and genetic factors interact in the development of obesity is imperative for population-level obesity prevention strategies. The current study investigated whether social positioning, either independently or through interaction with a polygenic score for Body Mass Index (BMI-PGS), influences BMI trajectories across older adulthood. Methods Data were analysed from 7,183 individuals from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Interactions between the BMI-PGS and; lower educational attainment, SSS, and income, on BMI trajectories across older adulthood were investigated through linear mixed effects models. Results Lower educational attainment, SSS and income were each associated with a higher baseline BMI for women, but not for men. There were interaction effects between BMI-PGS and social positioning such that men aged > 65 with a lower educational attainment (β = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.00-1.24), men aged ≤ 65 of a lower income (β=-0.72, 95%CI=-1.21- -0.23) and women aged ≤ 65 of lower SSS (β=-1.41; 95%CI=-2.46-0.36) showed stronger associations between the BMI-PGS and baseline BMI. Conclusions Lower socioeconomic positioning showed adverse effects for women’s BMI in older adulthood. While the expression of the BMI-PGS, or extent to which it translates to a higher BMI, was subtly influenced by socioeconomic standing in both women and in men.

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Life-course trajectories of body mass index from adolescence to old age: Racial and educational disparities

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2020167118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (17) ◽

pp. e2020167118

Author(s):

Yang Claire Yang ◽

Christine E. Walsh ◽

Moira P. Johnson ◽

Daniel W. Belsky ◽

Max Reason ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Life Course ◽

Old Age ◽

Body Mass ◽

Parental Education ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Bmi Trajectories ◽

The Life Course

No research exists on how body mass index (BMI) changes with age over the full life span and social disparities therein. This study aims to fill the gap using an innovative life-course research design and analytic methods to model BMI trajectories from early adolescence to old age across 20th-century birth cohorts and test sociodemographic variation in such trajectories. We conducted the pooled integrative data analysis (IDA) to combine data from four national population-based NIH longitudinal cohort studies that collectively cover multiple stages of the life course (Add Health, MIDUS, ACL, and HRS) and estimate mixed-effects models of age trajectories of BMI for men and women. We examined associations of BMI trajectories with birth cohort, race/ethnicity, parental education, and adult educational attainment. We found higher mean levels of and larger increases in BMI with age across more recent birth cohorts as compared with earlier-born cohorts. Black and Hispanic excesses in BMI compared with Whites were present early in life and persisted at all ages, and, in the case of Black–White disparities, were of larger magnitude for more recent cohorts. Higher parental and adulthood educational attainment were associated with lower levels of BMI at all ages. Women with college-educated parents also experienced less cohort increase in mean BMI. Both race and education disparities in BMI trajectories were larger for women compared with men.

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Body mass index trajectory from childhood to puberty and high blood pressure: the China Health and Nutrition Survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e055099

Author(s):

Yiman Ji ◽

Xiangjuan Zhao ◽

Yiping Feng ◽

Yanlin Qu ◽

Ying Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Bmi Trajectories ◽

Childhood Hypertension ◽

Baseline Bmi

ObjectivesThe prevalence of childhood hypertension is rising in parallel with the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in children. How growth trajectories from childhood to puberty relate to high blood pressure (HBP) is not well defined. We aimed to characterise potential body mass index (BMI) dynamic changing trajectories from childhood to puberty and investigate their association with HBP.DesignA dynamic prospective cohort.SettingChina Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015.ParticipantsThere were 1907 participants (1027 men and 880 women) in this study.OutcomesThe primary outcome was HBP defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) exceeding the standards or diagnosis by medical records or taking antihypertensive medication.ResultsA model of cubic parameters with three groups was chosen, labelled as normal increasing group (85.16%, n=1624), high increasing group (9.81%, n=187) and resolving group (5.03%, n=96). Compared with the normal increasing group, the unadjusted HRs (95% CIs) for the resolving and high increasing groups were 0.91 (0.45 to 1.86) and 1.88 (1.26 to 2.81), respectively. After adjusting for baseline age, region, sex, baseline BMI z-score, baseline SBP and baseline DBP in model 3, the HRs (95% CIs) for the resolving and high increasing groups were 0.66 (0.30 to 1.45) and 1.56 (1.02 to 2.38).ConclusionsThese results indicate that the BMI trajectories from childhood to puberty have significant impact on HBP risk. Puberty is a crucial period for the development of HBP.

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Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84615-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teferi Mekonnen ◽

Eleni Papadopoulou ◽

Onyebuchi A. Arah ◽

Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽

Nanna Lien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

Parental Income ◽

Educational Differences ◽

Bmi Trajectories ◽

Study Population ◽

Weight Velocity

AbstractStudies exploring when social inequalities in body mass index (BMI) and its composites emerge and how these evolve with age are limited. Thus, this study explored parental income and education related inequalities in children’s weight, height, weight velocity and body mass index among Norwegian children from 1 month to 8 years. The study population included 59,927 family/children pairs participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Growth was modelled using the Jenss–Bayley model and linear mixed effects analyses were conducted. Maternal and paternal educational differences in children’s weight and BMI trajectories emerged during infancy, continuing to age 8 years. Parental income-related inequalities in children’s weight were observed from the age of 1 month to 4 years for maternal and up to 1 year for paternal income-related differences but then disappeared. Parental income-related inequalities in child’s BMI were observed from 18 months to 8 years for maternal income, and from 9 months to 8 years for paternal income-related differences. These results suggest that social inequalities in children’s BMI present early in infancy and continue to 8 years of age. The inequalities sometimes differed by indicator of socioeconomic position used. Interventions to combat these inequalities early in life are, thus needed.

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Long-term body mass index changes in overweight and obese adults and the risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease and mortality: a cohort study of over 260,000 adults in the UK

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10606-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Iyen ◽

Stephen Weng ◽

Yana Vinogradova ◽

Ralph K. Akyea ◽

Nadeem Qureshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Body Mass ◽

World Health ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Bmi Trajectories ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Although obesity is a well-recognised risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the impact of long-term body mass index (BMI) changes in overweight or obese adults, on the risk of heart failure, CVD and mortality has not been quantified. Methods This population-based cohort study used routine UK primary care electronic health data linked to secondary care and death-registry records. We identified adults who were overweight or obese, free from CVD and who had repeated BMI measures. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we examined the BMI trajectories of these individuals and then determined incidence rates of CVD, heart failure and mortality associated with the different trajectories. Cox-proportional hazards regression determined hazards ratios for incident outcomes. Results 264,230 individuals (mean age 49.5 years (SD 12.7) and mean BMI 33.8 kg/m2 (SD 6.1)) were followed-up for a median duration of 10.9 years. Four BMI trajectories were identified, corresponding at baseline, with World Health Organisation BMI classifications for overweight, class-1, class-2 and class-3 obesity respectively. In all four groups, there was a small, stable upwards trajectory in BMI (mean BMI increase of 1.06 kg/m2 (± 3.8)). Compared with overweight individuals, class-3 obese individuals had hazards ratios (HR) of 3.26 (95% CI 2.98–3.57) for heart failure, HR of 2.72 (2.58–2.87) for all-cause mortality and HR of 3.31 (2.84–3.86) for CVD-related mortality, after adjusting for baseline demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion The majority of adults who are overweight or obese retain their degree of overweight or obesity over the long term. Individuals with stable severe obesity experience the worst heart failure, CVD and mortality outcomes. These findings highlight the high cardiovascular toll exacted by continuing failure to tackle obesity.

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One year change of knee cartilage morphology in the first release of participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative progression subcohort: association with sex, body mass index, symptoms and radiographic osteoarthritis status

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/ard.2008.089904 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 674-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

F Eckstein ◽

S Maschek ◽

W Wirth ◽

M Hudelmaier ◽

W Hitzl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Cartilage Loss ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Symptomatic Knee ◽

Osteoarthritis Initiative

Objective:The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) is a multicentre study targeted at identifying biomarkers for evaluating the progression and risk factors of symptomatic knee OA. Here cartilage loss using 3 Tesla (3 T) MRI is analysed over 1 year in a subset of the OAI, together with its association with various risk factors.Methods:An age- and gender-stratified subsample of the OAI progression subcohort (79 women and 77 men, mean (SD) age 60.9 (9.9) years, body mass index (BMI) 30.3 (4.7)) with both frequent symptoms and radiographic OA in at least one knee was studied. Coronal FLASHwe (fast low angle shot with water excitation) MRIs of the right knee were acquired at 3 T. Seven readers segmented tibial and femoral cartilages blinded to order of acquisition. Segmentations were quality controlled by one expert.Results:The reduction in mean cartilage thickness (ThC) was greater (p = 0.004) in the medial than in the lateral compartment, greater (p = 0.001) in the medial femur (−1.9%) than in the medial tibia (−0.5%) and greater (p = 0.011) in the lateral tibia (−0.7%) than in the lateral femur (0.1%). Multifactorial analysis of variance did not reveal significant differences in the rate of change in ThC by sex, BMI, symptoms and radiographic knee OA status. Knees with Kellgren–Lawrence grade 2 or 3 and with a BMI >30 tended to display greater changes.Conclusions:In this sample of the OAI progression subcohort, the greatest, but overall very modest, rate of cartilage loss was observed in the weight-bearing medial femoral condyle. Knees with radiographic OA in obese participants showed trends towards higher rates of change than those of other participants, but these trends did not reach statistical significance.

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Racial Differences in Mechanisms Linking Childhood Socioeconomic Status With Growth in Adult Body Mass Index: The Role of Adolescent Risk and Educational Attainment

Journal of Adolescent Health ◽

10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 474-481

Author(s):

Amelia R. Gavin ◽

Tiffany M. Jones ◽

Rick Kosterman ◽

Jungeun Olivia Lee ◽

Christopher Cambron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Body Mass ◽

Adult Body Mass ◽

Adolescent Risk ◽

Adult Body ◽

Childhood Socioeconomic Status

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Body Mass Index and Its Change from Adolescence to Adulthood Are Closely Related to the Risk of Adult Metabolic Syndrome in China

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/8888862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Bingyang Liu ◽

Yue Li ◽

Jiamei Guo ◽

Yuting Fan ◽

Ling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Study Groups ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Baseline Bmi ◽

The Relationship

Aims. To investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) and its change from adolescence to adulthood (ΔBMI) on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in early adulthood. Methods. We selected 931 students from 12 to 16 years of age in Liaoyang City, China. Ninety-three participants from 18 to 22 years of age with complete baseline data were available for follow-up after 5 years. Statistical analysis determined the relationship of MetS at follow-up with baseline BMI (BMIb), ΔBMI, and follow-up BMI (BMIf). Results. ΔBMI was positively correlated with the change of waist circumference (ΔWC), systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP), triglycerides (ΔTG), uric acid, and glycosylated hemoglobin (ΔHbA1c) in follow-up ( p < 0.05 ). For every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMIb, ΔBMI, and BMIf, the risk of MetS at follow-up increased 1.201-fold, 1.406-fold, and 1.579-fold, respectively. Both BMIb and ΔBMI were predictive of MetS at follow-up, with prediction thresholds of 23.47 kg/m2 and 1.95 kg/m2. The participants were divided by the predicted BMIb and ΔBMI threshold values into four study groups. Interestingly, the group with lower BMI but a higher increase in BMI presented the same metabolic derangements and Mets% of the group with higher BMI but lower Δ BMI. Conclusion. Both BMI of adolescence and ΔBMI were predictive of MetS and cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. Control of both variables in adolescents would be more effective in decreasing the risk of MetS in young adults than control of BMI alone.

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Increasing Body Mass Index Predicts Rapid Decline in Renal Function: A 5 Year Retrospective Study

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-0599-6360 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (07) ◽

pp. 556-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaojing Ma ◽

Chengyin Zhang ◽

Hong Su ◽

Xiaojie Gong ◽

Xianglei Kong

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Function ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Adult Population ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Baseline Bmi

AbstractWhile obesity is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease, it remains unclear whether change in body mass index (ΔBMI ) is independently associated with decline in renal function (evaluated by the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate, ΔeGFR) over time. Accordingly, to help clarify this we conducted a retrospective study to measure the association of ΔBMI with decline in renal function in Chinese adult population. A total of 4007 adults (aged 45.3±13.7 years, 68.6% male) without chronic kidney disease at baseline were enrolled between 2008 and 2013. Logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationships between baseline BMI and ΔBMI, and rapid decline in renal function (defined as the lowest quartile of ΔeGFR ). During 5 years of follow-up, the ΔBMI and ΔeGFR were 0.47±1.6 (kg/m2) and –3.0±8.8 (ml/min/1.73 m2), respectively. After adjusted for potential confounders, ΔBMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) was independently associated with the rapid decline in renal function [with a fully adjusted OR of 1.12 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.20). By contrast, the baseline BMI was not associated with rapid decline in renal function [OR=1.05 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.13)]. The results were robust among 2948 hypertension-free and diabetes-free participants, the adjusted ORs of ΔBMI and baseline BMI were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04) for rapid decline in renal function, respectively. The study revealed that increasing ΔBMI predicts rapid decline in renal function.

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