scholarly journals India’s Trade Relationship with Germany After Liberalisation

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-368
Author(s):  
Mr. Shashikant Bharat Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Trade Flows ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Indian Industries ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cooperation Partner

The article looks at the potential for trade change between India and Germany and explores possible improvement after liberalization for each economy. India is the largest cooperation partner in Germany and provides the basis for various forms of cooperation. This article identifies the trend of trade flows in a perfectly competitive world between the two countries' economies. This study includes cross-border German and Indian industries to obtain insight into the ease of doing business in a foreign country. This study discusses the flow of trade after liberalization between India and Germany. As this can be shown, both India & Germany create an array of possibilities that remain uncharted for each other. In building upon their partnership, there is great mutuality of benefit. To study the tone for these deliberations, this study was performed. Its goal is not only to highlight the attractiveness of both countries for investment and business through different avenues but also to lay the foundations for long-term affiliation between these two vibrant or promising economies. This also shows the assist in the development of bilateral relations between India and Germany in various fields, and hence, Establishing a laissez-faire economy in harmony with the new global economic order.

Barriers to Trade: How Border Walls Affect Trade Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Carter ◽  
Paul Poast
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Border Effects ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Illicit Flows ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gravity Model Of Trade

AbstractSince trade must cross borders, to what extent do border walls affect trade flows? We argue that border walls can reduce trade flows. Even if the objective is to only stem illicit flows, border walls heighten “border effects” that can also inhibit legal cross-border flows. Using a gravity model of trade that reflects recent developments in both economic theory and econometrics, we find that the creation of a wall is associated with a reduction in legal trade flows between neighboring countries. We provide a battery of evidence that suggests this reduction is not simply a function of worsening bilateral relations. Our findings have implications for understanding how governments have taken measures to assert sovereign control of their borders in an age of increasing economic globalization.

scholarly journals Implementing Sustainable Finance Principles: Legal Implications of Ease of Doing Business Towards Banking Credit Approval

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Bagus Saragih ◽  
Lastuti Abubakar ◽  
Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Banking Credit ◽  
Sustainable Financing

The application of licenses based on commitments as a part of ease of doing business has shifted the obligations present for business actors. One of the forms of said change is the absence of an obligation to conduct EIAs as a basic requirement to acquire a business license. This could boost investment within Indonesia, on the other hand, it also has the potential to prompt legal risks that is the revocation of business licenses towards actors that had failed to fulfill business license commitments under GR OSS. This provision impacts the application of the principle of sustainable financing. With the requirement of EIAs as a fulfillment towards the commitments that are prerequisite of business licenses in the OSS GR, banks gain the challenge of adjusting their approach towards the gaining of profits from long term investments depends on a sustainable future, specifically in the administering of credits by banks. the article aims to analyze the legal implications of changing regulation upon EIAs requirement on the ease of business licensing in licenses based on commitments though Online Single Submission towards the application of the principle of sustainable financing and the juridical consequences of the use of licenses based on commitments in the approval of bank credit. This  research uses a normative juridical approach specifying in the descriptive analysis of primary and secondary sources of law. The identification the changed regulation upon EIAs requirement on the ease of business licensing in licenses based on commitments though Online Single Submission has legal consequences on the applications of sustainable financing principle. Sustainable principle pushed out the alteration of the approach of banks in the initiation of sustainable economic development with the gaining of profits from long term investments dependant on future sustainable policy frameworks. Bank must take that approach is through policy frameworks that support sustainable economic development by crystallizing EIAs as a tool for credit breaking

scholarly journals Role of Political Instability in Attracting FDI Inflow to Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Dil Jan ◽  
Muhammad Sibt e Ali ◽  
Muhammad Taqi ◽  
Sabiha Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:  The reason of this study is to recognize the impact of key determinants of overseas direct asset in case of Pakistan, based on annual information covering the period of 1981-2018. Design/Methodology/Approach: After checking for still of the sequence, the technique of ARDL is used for estimation of long run parameters estimates and error alteration instrument for short run dynamics. Findings: The results of the study indicate that politically stable environment and long term policies are necessary to attract foreign investors. furthermore, investment profile of any government also matter for direct asset in the country as the study conclusions reveal that marketplace size as well as domestic investment are positively related to foreign direct investment while taxes have negative association with overseas straight investment in the case of Pakistan. Implications/Originality/Value: The most important factor for FDI inflow to Pakistan is interest rate or ease of doing business which has negative sign means inverse relation exists between the two variables.

Examining the Effectiveness of the Make In India Initiative in Fostering Innovation in Business

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-122
Author(s):  
Alka Pandita ◽  
Savita Gupta ◽  
Ravi Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The People ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this research study is to understand how successful this Make in India initiative (MII) is after three years of its launch. The present paper is based on an exploratory study that has been carried out by collecting primary data to measure the viewpoint of the public. This helps the understanding of whether people consider MII as a long-term effort, therefore, to enable India emerge as a manufacturing hub. A structured equation modelling – partial least squares (SEM-PLS) model is developed related to the ease of doing business, impact of MII, policies undertaken, and performance outcomes under the MII project. The results of the study showed the parameters like impact of MII, ethical issues, and ease of doing business are related to outcomes of the project. This research study helps gain an insight into the environment in which business operates, understand what these factors represent and how these are accepted by the people in general.

scholarly journals RUSSIA-EU CUSTOMS COOPERATION LEGAL BASE IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA WTO ACCESSION

2013 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
D. A. Turlanov
Keyword(s):  
Trade Flows ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Customs Administration ◽  
Trade Partners

As a result of long-term accession process Russia became WTO member, which stipulates adequate analyze of relevant consequences both for Russia and its bilateral relations with trade partners. Taking into consideration the fact, that EU is Russia’s main trade partner and significant role of customs issues in ensuring smooth trade flows across the border, author provides legal assessment of Russia WTO accession influence on Russia-EU customs cooperation legal base. Author comes to the conclusion that due to trade, but not customs nature WTO addresses customs to prevent it from being obstacle to trade. Besides, during accession process Russia in general provided correspondence of its legislation to WTO norms. For example, Russia-EU customs cooperation is based on WTO norms from the date of Partnership and Cooperation Agreement entering into force, in which included references on General Agreement on Tariff and Trade. These facts minimize Russia WTO accession influence on the process of Russia-EU customs cooperation legal base construction. At the same time author proves Russia-EU customs cooperation instrument fruitfulness in elimination of risks arising from Russia WTO accession. Such instruments will support effective customs administration without unreasonable interference in trade flows, including within WTO. At the same time it will be important factor for economic, national security as well as for increase of investment attractiveness of Russia.

scholarly journals PAK-AFGHAN TIES A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Kosar
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Negotiated Settlement ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time

Tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan have existed for a long time and can be traced back to five key factors: security interest considerations, cross-border ties and connectivity, geopolitical dynamics, national sovereignty concerns, and regional and international relations. These forces will have an influence on the long-term stability prospects in Afghanistan and the surrounding area if they work together. A tight eye will be kept on the battlefield, given the possibility of escalation following the withdrawal of the US and foreign forces. As the relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan deteriorates, it is possible that any remaining hopes for a negotiated settlement would be jeopardised. Once the fighting has been brought to a halt or a new administration has been established, bilateral relations will have an influence on the security, political, and economic dynamics of the region throughout the medium to long term. Having a strong relationship with Pakistan can help to promote stability and progress. However, because of the hatred on both sides, which has been heightened by the conflict, the inverse consequence is more likely. The most promising path forward for Afghanistan and Pakistan in terms of expanding their cross-border connections for the benefit of regional peace and the well-being of their populations is to acknowledge and attempt to resolve one another's security and sovereignty concerns in a peaceful and constructive manner through dialogue.

scholarly journals African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement – Does the Facts Support the Benefits for Nigeria?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Onwuka Ifeanyi Onuka ◽  
Ozegbe Roseline Oroboghae
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business

Hesitantly, but finally, Nigeria joined the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) with the Nigerian President, Mohammadu Buhari, signing the protocol at the African Union Summit in Niamey on July 7, 2019 based on perceived benefits. This study interrogated the purported benefits for Nigeria using standard trade costs between Nigeria and peer countries in Africa. Using a content analytical framework on a dataset by World Development Indicators and World Integrated Trade Solutions, the study found that average tariff rate in Nigeria is very high when compared to that of her major trading rivals in Africa like Ghana, Egypt and South Africa. Furthermore, the study found Nigeria in a comparative disadvantaged position on the ease of doing business in the same setting. Also, Nigeria’s major export commodity is crude oil and lubricants which has little or no market in the continent. Besides, trade-related infrastructure, especially roads and maritime corridors, in Nigeria is poor even by African standards. With these structural problems, ipso facto, Nigeria may not benefit maximally and comparatively in the enlarged continental market envisioned by the AfCFTA agreement. The study therefore, recommended that Nigerian government should continue to maintain the present cautious approach and refrain from making further commitments on the AfCFTA deal. In the meantime, the country should embark on massive infrastructural and trade-related development, improve the ease of doing business and diversify the economy in order to be in vintage position to exploit the potential opportunities offered by the AfCFTA in the medium-to-long term horizon.

Ease of Doing Business and Its Impact on Inward FDI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tareq Hossain ◽  
Zubair Hassan ◽  
Sumaiya Shafiq ◽  
Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Least Square Regression ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Starting A Business

This study investigates the impact of Ease of Doing Business on Inward FDI over the period from 2011 to 2015 across the globe. This study measures ease of doing business using starting a business, getting credit, registering property, paying taxes and enforcing contracts. The research used a sample of 177 countries from 190 countries listed in World Bank. Least square regression model via E-views software used to examine causal relationship. The study found that ease of doing business indicators ‘Enforcing Contracts’ was found to have a positive significant impact on Inward FDI. Nevertheless, ‘Getting Credit’ and ‘Registering Property’ were found to have a negative significant impact on Inward FDI. However, ‘Starting a Business’ and ‘Paying Taxes’ have no significant impact on Inward FDI in the studied timeframe of this research. The findings of the study suggested the ease of doing business enables inward FDI through better contract enforcements, getting credit and registering property. The findings of the research will assist international managers and companies to know the importance of ease of doing business when investing in foreign countries through FDI.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

A Study on Consumers’ Awareness on Goods and Services Tax

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
A. Hilary Joseph ◽  
D. Kanakavalli
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The One

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) -- India's biggest tax reform since independence formally launched in Parliament by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Pranab Mukherjee came into force after 17 tumultuous years of debate, unifying more than a dozen central and state levies.  The new tax regime was ushered at the late night of 30th June and came into force on 1st July 2017.  The one national GST unifies the country's USD 2 trillion economy and 1.3 billion people into a common market.  As commented by Mr.Modi, GST is not just tax reform but its economic reform. GST is a way forward in the ease of doing business.  In the language of law, it is called the goods and services tax, but the benefit of GST is really a Good and Simple Tax. Good because multiple taxes will be removed. Simple because it requires just one form and is easy to use.  GST is a single tax on the supply of goods and services, right from the manufacturer to the consumer.  Credits of input taxes paid at each stage will be available in the subsequent stage of value addition, which makes GST essentially a tax only on value addition at each stage. The final consumer will thus bear only the GST charged by the last dealer in the supply chain, with set-off benefits at all the previous stages.  It renders numerous benefits to different parties such as business and industry, central and state governments and the ultimate consumers.  An effort is made to understand the consumers’ awareness on Goods and Services Tax. Everything that is introduced will attract agitation and unrest among different group of people and they can easily be overcome by designing programmes to clarify the objections of renowned economists.  GST will sure to have success when the confidence of every individual Indian citizens have obtained.

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