PSXIV-21 Performance of hair lambs maintained on stockpiled permanent pasture mixed with Cleome gynandra L. at multiple stocking densities

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 483-483
Author(s):  
Ondieki J Gekara ◽  
Oliver Sycip ◽  
Cord Brundage ◽  
Mohammad Chaichi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Nutritional Effect ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Internal Parasites

Abstract Stockpiled forage may extend the grazing season for sheep, reducing feeding costs. Additionally, internal parasites are a problem in sheep managed under grazing conditions. Plants high in phenolic compounds have potential to reduce parasite problems. Cleome gynandra is one such plant that has traditionally been used to treat worms in humans. Thirty-six Katahdin × Dorper lambs (38.8 ± 0.7 kg) were used to investigate the effect of stockpiled forages on lamb performance at different stocking densities: (i) 23 lambs/ha (LOW), (ii) 46 lambs/ha (MED), and (iii) 92 lambs/ha (HIGH). To test C. gynandra for anthelmintic properties, lambs were assigned to (i) permanent pastures (PP), and (ii) PP inter-seeded with C. gynandra (CL). The LOW lambs had the highest ADG (83.8 ± 10.5 g/day), MED lambs were intermediate (48.4 ± 11.6 g/day) and HIGH lambs were lowest (11.0 ± 10.6 g/day; P < 0.001). Lamb BCS did not differ between stocking densities or pasture types (P > 0.10). Fecal egg counts did not differ (P > 0.10) between pasture treatments. In conclusion, stockpiled forages may extend the grazing season for yearling lambs in Southern California. The lack of effect on parasite egg counts may be attributed to grazing C. gynandra at mature stage when nutritional and medicinal values were at their lowest. Future research can clarify the economics of grazing stockpiled forages for sheep at different stages of production, and nutritional effect of C. gynandra on carcass quality.

scholarly journals Fe, Zn and Se Bioavailability in Chicken Meat Emulsions Enriched with Minerals, Hydroxytyrosol and Extra Virgin Olive Oil as Measured by Caco-2 Cell Model

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Martínez ◽  
Gaspar Ros ◽  
Gema Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Organic Zn

There is a high demand for functional meat products due to increasing concern about food and health. In this work, Zn and Se bioavailability was increased in chicken meat emulsions that are enriched with Hydroxytyrosol (HXT), a phenolic compound obtained from olive leaf. Six different chicken emulsions were elaborated. Three were made with broiler chicken meat supplemented with inorganic Zn and Se: control, one with HXT (50 ppm) added and one with HXT (50 ppm) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) (9.5%) added; and, three were made with chicken meat from chickens fed a diet that was supplemented with organic Zn and Se: control, one with HXT (50 ppm) added and one with HXT (50 ppm) and EVOO (9.5%) added. The samples were digested in vitro and the percent decomposition of phenolic compounds was measured by HPLC. Mineral availability (Fe, Zn and Se) was measured by cell culture of the Caco-2 cell line and the results were compared with mineral standards (Fe, Zn, and Se). The data obtained showed that neither HXT resistance to digestion nor Fe availability was affected by the presence of organic Zn and Se or phenolic compounds. Zn uptake increased in the presence of HXT, but not when its organic form was used, while Se uptake increased but it was not affected by the presence of HXT. It was concluded that the enrichment of meat—endogenously with organic minerals and exogenously with phenolic compounds—could be considered an interesting strategy for future research and applications in the current meat industry.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns During Rice Leaf Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miya ◽  
Takanori Yoshikawa ◽  
Yutaka Sato ◽  
Jun-Ichi Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Rice Leaves

Abstract Background: Rice leaves consist of three distinct regions along a proximal-distal axis, namely the leaf blade, sheath, and blade-sheath boundary region. Each region has a unique morphology and function, but the genetic programs underlying the development of each region are poorly understood. To fully elucidate rice leaf development and discover genes with unique functions in rice and grasses, it is crucial to explore genome-wide transcriptional profiles during the development of the three regions.Results: In this study, we performed microarray analysis to profile the spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression in the rice leaf using dissected parts of leaves sampled in broad developmental stages. The dynamics in each region revealed that the transcriptomes changed dramatically throughout the progress of tissue differentiation, and those of the leaf blade and sheath differed greatly at the mature stage. Cluster analysis of expression patterns among leaf parts revealed groups of genes that may be involved in specific biological processes related to rice leaf development. Moreover, we found novel genes potentially involved in rice leaf development using a combination of transcriptome data and in situ hybridization, and analyzed their spatial expression patterns at high resolution. We successfully identified multiple genes that exhibit localized expression in tissues characteristic of rice or grass leaves.Conclusions: Although the genetic mechanisms of leaf development have been elucidated in several eudicots, direct application of that information to rice and grasses is not appropriate due to the morphological and developmental differences between them. Our analysis provides not only insights into the development of rice leaves but also expression profiles that serve as a valuable resource for gene discovery. The genes and gene clusters identified in this study may facilitate future research on the unique developmental mechanisms of rice leaves.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Phenolic Waters using the Microalgae Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1274-1278
Author(s):  
Jorge Sanchez- Aponte ◽  
Ildefonso Baldiris- Navarro ◽  
Martha Torres- Virviescas ◽  
Carlos Bohorquez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bioremediation Processes ◽  
Microalgae Growth

In this research, the capacity of biodegradation of phenolic compounds using the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was evaluated, as well as the impact of the contaminant on the growth of the microalgae. The bioassays consisted on three phenol concentrations: 25 mgL/L, 50 mgL/L and 100 mg/L and a control solution. Bioremediation rates of approximately 99% were obtained, showing no significant difference between medium and high concentration bioassays. A good microalgae growth rate was obtained for the tests at low and medium concentration, they were above the control bioassay, but the high concentration bioassay showed an inhibition in the cell growth, this one presented growth below the control bioassay. The use of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in bioremediation processes of phenolic effluents, whose concentrations are below 100 mg/L, is proposed for future research.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant extracts evaluation from the residue of the Hevea brasiliensis seed

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Oleinik ◽  
Priscila Paola Dario ◽  
Katiane de Morais Gasperin ◽  
Dalila Moter Benvegnú ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Production Chain

AbstractThe antioxidants used in the food industry are essential to inhibit the formation of free radicals, preserving the existing properties in the different matrices. However, the insecurity of the synthetic antioxidants regarding human health propels search for natural substrates with potential antioxidant activity as an alternative to synthetic compounds. In this way, the work had as objective obtaining extracts from the seed pomace of the Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), relating the contents of flavonoids and total phenols in the application as an antioxidant. The methodology consisted of the extraction using four solvents, varying extractive methods, time, and seed concentrations. The antioxidant activity in vitro was evaluated by capturing the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil) radical. The optimized results demonstrate that the aqueous extracts produced in the Soxhlet in the concentrations of 85 g L−1 and retention time of 4 h reached 37.73 ± 1.69% in the antioxidant tests of the free radical DPPH capture, 1405.15 mg EAC 100 g−1 in the quantification of phenolic compounds and 223.34 mg 100 g−1 of total flavonoids. Thus, this work may contribute to the realization of studies and future research for characterization and identification concerning which phenolic compounds and flavonoids attribute the antioxidant characteristic to the extracts produced, enabling the discovery of products with high added value in the production chain. In addition, because the water used as a solvent showed greater antioxidant potential between the extracts, the non-toxic and environmentally friendly character is highlighted, allowing a wide variety of applications in the food industry.

scholarly journals Influence of Ripening Stage and Cultivar on Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Compositions of Aronia Grown in South Korea

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haejo Yang ◽  
Young-Jun Kim ◽  
Youngjae Shin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content

The present study investigated the fruits of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) across different stages of maturity and analyzed their physicochemical properties, antioxidant compositions, and activities. The selected aronia cultivars (‘Viking’, ‘McKenzie’, and ‘Kingstar K1’ were categorized based on maturity into the immature stage (red tip), intermediary stage (red), and mature stage (dark purple). The key sugar components of aronia fruits were fructose, glucose, and sorbitol, while the main organic acid was found to be malic acid. The antioxidant content and activity of all three aronia cultivars showed significantly higher values for the red tip stage than the red or dark purple stages. However, the total anthocyanin content of aronia was the highest at the dark purple stage in three cultivars. The main polyphenols in aronia fruits were found to be catechol and chlorogenic acid, with a decreasing tendency as maturation progressed. As a result, the red tip stage of aronia fruits contains comparatively more abundant flavonoids, phenolic compounds and polyphenols than the dark purple stage, with higher antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients and Glucosinolates at Different Growth Stages of a Commonly-Consumed Asian Brassica Vegetable

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Choon Nam Ong ◽  
Wee Kee Tan ◽  
Chiang Shiong Loh
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to systematically investigate a comprehensive list of bioactive components in a commonly consumed Asian leafy vegetable, Brassica rapa. They included polyphenols, fat soluble micronutrients such as carotenoids, tocopherols and phylloquinone, and various glucosinolates (GLs), in addition to the total antioxidant capacity, at three different growth stages. Methods Phenolic compounds were measured using C-18 HPLC/MS. Carotenoids, vitamin E and phylloquinone (vitamin K1) were detected using RP-30-HPLC/MS. Glucosinolates were determined using HILIC-HPLC/MS. Different AOX capacities were assessed either using UV-Visible or Fluorescent Spectrophotometer. Results Phenolic compounds, such as total flavonoid and hydroxycinnamic acids, were highest at 3-leaf stage and significantly lower in mature plant. The main carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, remained the same throughout the different growth stages. However, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were higher also at 3-leaf stage, and decrease gradually with growth. In contrast, tocopherol concentration continued to increase and was highest at mature stage. There was little change for phylloquinone (vitamin K1) throughout the three studied stages. For the unique components in Brassicaeae, both dominating aliphatic and indolic-GLs concentrations were significantly higher at 1-leaf stage than at mature stage ( > 30x), whereas the aromatic GLs, although of much lower concentrations, continued to increase throughout the growth, and with highest amount at mature stage, suggesting that there is metabolic pathway shift of these secondary metabolites during plant development. In general, antioxidant capacity measured using Scavenging of DPPH radicals, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity suggested that there was an insignificant increase of total antioxidant content from seedling to mature vegetable. Conclusions The overall findings suggest that most of the nutritional active bio-components were higher at younger stages, either at 1-leaf or 3-leaf stage, except α-tocopherol, with continual accumulation during plant development. These comprehensive profiles of various nutrients should be valuable to the nutritional community. Funding Sources National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore.

Effect of the purposive choice of families on the estimates of the juvenile–mature correlation derived from retrospective tests

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lascoux ◽  
Antoine Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Early Selection ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Retrospective Testing ◽  
Purposive Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Retrospective tests have been widely used during the last decade to address early selection of forest trees. The main goal of retrospective testing is to derive estimates of juvenile–mature correlations for a group of families that have already been tested in the field at the mature stage. The families were sometimes purposefully chosen to represent contrasted growth abilities. The aim of the present study is to show that the purposive selection of the families substantially influences the value of the estimate of the juvenile–mature correlation. We assume that the regression between the mature and juvenile stages is linear with constant residual variance. Under this assumption, a formula is derived that permits the correlation estimated through retrospective tests with purposive selection of the individuals to be related to the correlation in the whole population. An example with forest trees is given, and the implications of the results for future research are discussed. It is concluded that correlations estimated from retrospective tests whose families are purposefully chosen should be used with caution or that their computation should simply be avoided. Alternative approaches are suggested.

scholarly journals 180 Using condensed tannins in plant materials more effectively with livestock

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Scott L Kronberg
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Quebracho Tannin ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Productivity Gains

Abstract A large variety of plant species contain condensed tannins and a few of these have been developed as improved varieties for grazing or for feeding as long-stem, chopped or pelleted hay or as silage. Extracts of tannin-containing plant materials (e.g. quebracho tannin) and tannin-containing by-products of plant materials (e.g. grape marc) have also been fed to livestock. Interactions between livestock and condensed tannins and associated phenolic compounds are complicated and we have much to learn to understand and manage them better. Although many studies have been done on tannin-livestock interactions, many more are needed and especially studies done in conjunction with tannin chemists. Research to date suggests that very few plant materials have ideal condensed tannins for improving the long-term productivity of ruminant livestock (beyond productivity gains from reduction of internal parasites). Moreover, we know little about nutritional consequences relative to micronutrients such as copper and iron from long-term and frequent intake of condensed tannins. Given that grapes contain condensed tannin and associated phenolic compounds that are important to the wine industry, there is research on these compounds in grapes and wine that may be very useful to livestock scientists and producers who are interested in applying some of their concepts and knowledge to livestock. Some of this information will be discussed in my presentation.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of spatiotemporal expression patterns during rice leaf development

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miya ◽  
Takanori Yoshikawa ◽  
Yutaka Sato ◽  
Jun-Ichi Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Rice Leaves

Abstract Background Rice leaves consist of three distinct regions along a proximal-distal axis, namely the leaf blade, sheath, and blade-sheath boundary region. Each region has a unique morphology and function, but the genetic programs underlying the development of each region are poorly understood. To fully elucidate rice leaf development and discover genes with unique functions in rice and grasses, it is crucial to explore genome-wide transcriptional profiles during the development of the three regions. Results In this study, we performed microarray analysis to profile the spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression in the rice leaf using dissected parts of leaves sampled in broad developmental stages. The dynamics in each region revealed that the transcriptomes changed dramatically throughout the progress of tissue differentiation, and those of the leaf blade and sheath differed greatly at the mature stage. Cluster analysis of expression patterns among leaf parts revealed groups of genes that may be involved in specific biological processes related to rice leaf development. Moreover, we found novel genes potentially involved in rice leaf development using a combination of transcriptome data and in situ hybridization, and analyzed their spatial expression patterns at high resolution. We successfully identified multiple genes that exhibit localized expression in tissues characteristic of rice or grass leaves. Conclusions Although the genetic mechanisms of leaf development have been elucidated in several eudicots, direct application of that information to rice and grasses is not appropriate due to the morphological and developmental differences between them. Our analysis provides not only insights into the development of rice leaves but also expression profiles that serve as a valuable resource for gene discovery. The genes and gene clusters identified in this study may facilitate future research on the unique developmental mechanisms of rice leaves.

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