scholarly journals Gender Gap in engineering and medical Colleges in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Anthony Kenneth
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Single Gender ◽  
Gender Policies ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Democratic Country

Gender gap in Engineering streams is not new. More number of males are seen enrolling for these streams compared to females. In a developing country like India, the population is predominately young and this gap can make a large impact. Interestingly, a noticeable gender gap is also witnessed in students opting for medicine in India. The number of females opting to study medicine is higher compared to males. The large population also creates a surging demand for admissions into reputed institutes and these institutes are few in number, to make it an even ground for students to enter these institutes, National level examinations are conducted every year like the NEET and the AIEE. This present study looks at the statistical data from past five years of these National-level exams conducted for students interested to pursue medicine or engineering. These exams determine student’s admission into IIT’s and other reputed institutes. A significant and a constant gap was observed in gender. In a large democratic country, professional courses like engineering and medicine should not be exclusive for a single gender. Policies and further studies should be made to create these exams and courses gender inclusive

scholarly journals Trends in the Prevalence of Dementia in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko H. Dodge ◽  
Teresa J. Buracchio ◽  
Gwenith G. Fisher ◽  
Yutaka Kiyohara ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Large Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Over Time

There is a paucity of data regarding trends in dementia and its subtype prevalence in Japan. Our aims in the current paper are to: (1) summarize epidemiological studies of dementia in Japan including relevant details of study protocol and diagnostic criteria, (2) compare the age-specific prevalence of all-cause dementia among studies, and (3) assess the trends in Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus vascular dementia (VaD) over time. We reviewed diagnostic criteria, all-cause dementia prevalence, and the AD/VaD ratio from 8 large population studies of dementia in Japan. Compared with the Okinawa 1992 study, studies conducted in 1994, 1998, 2005, and 2008 had a higher prevalence of all-cause dementia using Poisson regression models, after controlling for age and sex. In contrast to the US and some European countries, all-cause dementia prevalence is increasing in Japan. The prevalence of AD as opposed to VaD seems to be increasing over time, but large variability in diagnostic criteria, possible regional variability, and differences in prevalence of subtypes of dementia between men and women make it difficult to draw a conclusion about this trend at the national level. Further studies, for example, comparing the population attributable risk of vascular diseases to the prevalence and incidence of dementia could help to clarify the regional variations in etiological subtypes.

How do public companies respond to national challenges through sustainability reporting? – The case of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinithi Dissanayake ◽  
Carol A. Tilt ◽  
Wei Qian
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Development ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrative Social Contracts Theory ◽  
Reporting Practices

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how sustainability reporting is shaped by the global influences and particular national context where businesses operate. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses both content analysis of published sustainability information and semi-structured interviews with corporate managers to explore how sustainability reporting is used to address unique social and environmental challenges in a developing country – Sri Lanka. The use of integrative social contracts theory in investigating sustainability reporting offers novel insights into understanding the drivers for sustainability reporting practices in this particular country. Findings The findings reveal that managers’ perceptions about usefulness of sustainability reporting, local contextual challenges and global norms influence the extent to which companies engage in sustainability reporting and the nature of sustainability information reported. In particular, Sri Lankan company managers strive to undertake sustainability projects that are beneficial not only to their companies but also to the development of the country. However, while company managers in Sri Lanka are keen to undertake sustainability reporting, they face different tensions/expectations between global expectations and local contextual factors when undertaking sustainability projects and reporting. This is also showcased in what is ultimately reported in company annual reports, where some aspects of sustainability, e.g. social, tend to focus more on addressing local concerns whereas other disclosures are on issues that may be relevant across many contexts. Research limitations/implications Important insights for government and other regulatory authorities can be drawn from the findings of this study. By capitalising on the strong sense of moral duty felt by company managers, policymakers can involve the business sector more to mitigate the social and environmental issues prevalent in Sri Lanka. The findings can also be used by other developing countries to enable pathways to engage with the corporate sector to contribute to national development agendas through their sustainability initiatives and projects. Originality/value While the usual understanding of developing country’s company managers is that they try to follow global trends, in Sri Lanka, this research shows how managers are trying to align their responsibilities at a national level with global principles regarding sustainability reporting. Therefore, this paper highlights how both hypernorms and microsocial rules can interact to define how company managers undertake sustainability reporting in a developing country.

scholarly journals Regional differences between rural areas of Serbia in population aging and agricultural activities: Case studies of the Indjija and Knjazevac municipalities

Spatium ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Pantic ◽  
Jelena Zivanovic-Miljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
National Level ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Source Of Information

As one of the signs of demographic change, population aging influences various spatial categories: economic activities, social features, land-use, perspectives for future development and more. Even though the process is indicative on a national level, there are significant differences among geographically and functionally distinctive regions. Based on considerable regional differences in the development of Serbia, this paper analyses the key problems of rural areas related to the interdependences of population aging and agricultural activities. Research on aging processes, changes in agricultural activities and their features is based here on the examples of two case studies. The Indjija and Knjazevac Municipalities have been chosen to represent geographically different regions - lowland and mountainous. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches in order to achieve a better understanding of the situation. Statistical data were used to illustrate processes of aging and agriculture where data from two census years indicate a trend of changes. Interviews conducted with representatives of local government, entrepreneurs and local citizens from the villages are the source of information for quantitative analysis. Population aging and agriculture are examined separately, followed by an illustration of their interdependences.

scholarly journals Management of Grahani Roga by Ayurveda principles and life style modification

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
Sapan Jain ◽  
Seema G Chawardol ◽  
Jinesh Jain ◽  
O.P Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Ancient Text ◽  
Digestive Function

Grahani is an ayurveda terms related to the seat of agni (digestive fire), which help in the metabolism and digestion of food. The ancient text of ayurveda described that ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation of Aahaar is regulated by Grahani. When this Agni becomes; mandagni then improper digestion of ingested food leads pathological condition termed as Grahani roga. Similarly Trividh anomalies of the Jatharagni also termed as Grahanidosha. Grahani is a disease which affects large population globally especially in developing country and associated with improper food habits along with stressful lifestyle. The pathogenesis of Grahani roga works around Agnidosha which associated with impaired digestive function of digestive fire. Ayurveda described various treatment modalities for the management of Grahani roga such as; use of herbs & formulation, yoga and life style modification. Present article summarized ayurveda perspective of Grahani roga and its management by ayurveda principles and life style modification. Keywords: Ayurveda, Grahani, Agnidosha, Yoga, Life style

scholarly journals The Future of International Statistical Data Sharing and New Issues of Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
O. E. Bashina ◽  
N. A. Komkova ◽  
L. V. Matraeva ◽  
V. E. Kosolapova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Metadata Generation

The article deals with challenges and prospects of implementation of the Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) standard and using it in the international sharing of statistical data and metadata. The authors identified potential areas where this standard can be used, described a mechanism for data and metadata sharing according to SDMX standard. Major issues classified into three groups - general, statistical, information technology - were outlined by applying both domestic and foreign experience of implementation of the standard. These issues may arise at the national level (if the standard is implemented domestically), at the international level (when the standard is applied by international organizations), and at the national-international level (if the information is exchanged between national statistical data providers and international organizations). General issues arise at the regulatory level and are associated with establishing boundaries of responsibility of counterpart organizations at all three levels of interaction, as well as in terms of increasing the capacity to apply the SDMX standard. Issues of statistical nature are most often encountered due to the sharing of large amounts of data and metadata related to various thematic areas of statistics; there should be a unified structure of data and metadata generation and transmission. With the development of information sharing, arise challenges and issues associated with continuous monitoring and expanding SDMX code lists. At the same time, there is a lack of a universal data structure at the international level and, as a result, it is difficult to understand and apply at the national level the existing data structures developed by international organizations. Challenges of information technology are related to creating an IT infrastructure for data and metadata sharing using the SDMX standard. The IT infrastructure (depending on the participant status) includes the following elements: tools for the receiving organizations, tools for sending organization and the infrastructure for the IT professionals. For each of the outlined issues, the authors formulated some practical recommendations based on the complexity principle as applied to the implementation of the international SDMX standard for the exchange of data and metadata.

Dynamics and structure of off ences and the ways the police respond to revealed crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-342
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sadło-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
National Police ◽  
Police Activity

Citizens’ sense of security depends on the activities of entities whose task is to provide this security to citizens. A citizen feels safe if his/her immediate environment is safe. These seemingly minor acts of misconduct have a very large impact on the sense of security of citizens, because it is with them that citizens most often come into contact. That is why a proper police activity in diagnosing offences, their detection and quick reaction to them is so important. Quick reaction to an offence gives a feeling that a citizen is not left alone with the problem, but also awareness and warning that anyone who commits an offence will suffer the consequences. The article presents the ways of reacting to an offence and shows, on the basis of statistical data of the National Police Headquarters, the tendencies of reaction to offences, their scale and dynamics.

scholarly journals Is There a Credit Union Difference? Comparing Canadian Credit Union and Bank Branch Locations

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maiorano ◽  
Laurie Mook ◽  
Jack Quarter
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Bank Branch ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Bank Branches

This study of credit union and bank branch locations and neighbourhoods in Canada seeks to discover if there is a distinct credit union niche. The study builds on an earlier paper of credit unions and banks in the US which found that credit unions in Wisconsin, Arizona and New Hampshire were more likely to be located in lower-income areas than bank branches (Mook, Maiorano & Quarter, 2015). In Canada, we find that credit union branches are over-represented in rural areas, and under-represented in large population centres relative to bank branches. Additionally, credit unions are overrepresented in middle income areas and underrepresented in high income areas compared to bank branches both at the national level and in all provinces where differences are statistically significant. Another significant finding is that while both credit unions and banks cater to marginalized communities, the type of marginalized communities they cater to distinguishes them. Making use of the Canadian Marginalization Index, we find credit union branches in Canada to be overrepresented in communities marginalized along the dimensions of Material Deprivation and Dependency, while bank branches are overrepresented in communities marginalized along the dimension of Residential Instability and Ethnic Concentration.

scholarly journals Evaluating Challenges and Opportunities in the Development and Management of Physical Activity in Albania to Increase the Involvement of the Population in It

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Rovena Elmazi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Number Of Males

The study aims to assess the challenges, opportunities for development and management of physical activity in Albania compared to other countries in the region. The data collection tool included interviews, and the questionnaire used in all gyms in Albania. The result speaks of a huge gap with regard to the development of sports and the inclusion of populations in physical activities. According to the findings of the study, the number of population frequented by gyms in Albania. It is also worrying the very low number of female participants in the gym compared to the total number of women in the national level and the large difference in the number of males participating in physical activity and mainly in gymnasiums with the number of women that correctly reflected that in Albania it needs the revival and strengthening of gender mechanisms at national and local level. The result also revealed a lack of trained human resources, lack of policies and sound development strategies to increase population participation in physical activities. To this end, the National Sports and Regional Institutions, the Albanian Sports Federation and other relevant sports authorities should take all necessary measures to develop and expand the inclusion of populations into physical activities as a necessary means to increase the quality of life.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A NATIONAL LEVEL SCHEME FOR UPLIFTING RURAL POPULATION THROUGH FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: EVIDENCES FROM RURAL INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-58
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
The People ◽  
Major Factors

This study aims to understand the factors that encourage the people from rural background to access the banking Services offered under a financial inclusion scheme, with evidences from a developing country, India. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), scheme launched by Government of India, has an objective of connecting the banking industry with the people residing in the remote areas of the country. The research is aimed to gauge the PMJDY’s accomplishments in terms of fulfilment of its objectives. The research helps in getting a ground level feedback of the financial inclusion schemes’ achievements and issues involved in its successful implementation. This study also explores the perceptions of the individuals regarding the benefits offered by the scheme. A field survey of 2446 respondents was conducted in Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh, India. The questionnaire was constructed based on the theoretical model built after an extensive review of literature in the field of financial inclusion. The results from the analysis indicate that the awareness about the scheme and support by authorities are the two major factors that contribute to the successful implementation of a financial inclusion scheme. Overall awareness and availing of banking services under PMJDY scheme has been initiated but not uniformly.

scholarly journals Rural development and regional disparities of the new EU Member States

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abrhám
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Rural And Urban

The integration of Central and Eastern Europe into both the European and the world economy was in the last decade associated with a relatively high growth of gross domestic product and with a gradual increase in the economic level. The processes of convergence at the national level, however, were accompanied by an unbalanced spatial development. The paper analyzes, on the basis of the empirical statistical data, the impacts of the first years of the membership in the European Union on the development of regional differentiation and on development disparities between rural and urban regions. The evaluation of regional development is performed in regional units at the levels NUTS 2 and NUTS 3. Rural regions are monitored at the level of regional units NUTS 3. The examination based on the NUTS 2 units would not allow identifying of such a large number of rural areas.

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