Using Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Methods during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: Preservice and In-Service Teachers’ Perspectives

The world witnessed the outbreak of the Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with lockdowns that forced most schools and other educational institutions to close down. Alternative approaches in the form of synchronous and asynchronous methods were adopted to ensure continuity in teaching and learning in this new norm of providing emergency remote education. This chapter aims at presenting preservice and in-service teachers’ views on using synchronous versus asynchronous teaching and learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Data were elicited from three groups of preservice teachers and one group of in-service teachers from three different courses in one teacher education university in Malaysia. Implementation of the e-learning approaches including synchronous and asynchronous sessions was planned carefully based on the course learning outcomes. Important elements such as identification of the learning platform, delivering and conveying information to preservice teachers about the e-learning activities, assessment strategies, attendance, and students’ reflection were taken into consideration.

Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Daring dan Minat Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi

The purpose of the study was to determine differences in student achievement using synchronous and asynchronous online learning methods, differences in student achievement with high learning interest and, as well as the effect of the interaction between learning factors and interest factors on student achievement in fifth semester, Economics Education Study Program, Pamulang University. The research approach uses a quantitative methodology with Quasi Experimental Type 2 x 2 Factorial Design. The data collection instruments are in the form of questions and questionnaires on learning interest. Data analysis using Two Way Anova with the condition that it is normally distributed and has homogeneous variance. The results of the study are: 1) There is a significant difference between the average learning achievement of students who apply synchronous and asynchronous methods with the details of student achievement who apply the synchronous method is higher than those who apply the asynchronous method for students who have high interest in learning, and student achievement those who apply the synchronous method are higher than those who apply the asynchronous method for students who have low interest in learning. 2) There is a significant difference between the learning achievement of students who have high and low learning achievement with details of student achievement with interest in learning better than those with low interest in learning compared to interest in learning. Low for implementation of asynchronous methods. 3) There is a significant interaction effect between learning method factors and learning interest on learning achievement in fifth semester students, Economics Education Study Program, Pamulang University

Enhancement of Geographic Learning Results through Synchron and Assychron Method Assisted by Google Classroom Application

Geography subject matter, especially the Village and City Spatial Interaction Classroom Action Research was held with the aim of improving student learning outcomes through synchronous and asynchronous methods assisted by the Google Classroom application. The research subjects of students of XII IPS 1 SMAN 1 Banguntapan Odd Semester 2020/2021 consisted of 32 students, namely 22 girls and 10 boys. This Classroom Action Research was conducted in 2 cycles and three meetings each, each meeting lasting 75 minutes. Each meeting was conducted in a virtual or online way through synchronous and asynchronous methods using the Google Classroom application. The data collected for this study included observation data on student activity and learning outcomes of Geography, conducted from August to November 2020 with the results of the research stating that through synchronous and asynchronous methods using the Google Classroom application can have a positive influence on improving student learning outcomes on Village and City Spatial Interaction material. This can be seen from the average value in the class when the pre-action was 71.14, then in the first cycle it increased to 75.74, in the second cycle it became 76.68 and and the percentage of classical completeness can reach the target success indicator of 80%.

Caregivers and Physical therapists' Perceptions of Telehealth for infants with Down Syndrome during COVID-19: Case reports

The aim of this study is to describe the caregivers and physical therapists’ perceptions of telehealth strategies in two cases of infants with Down syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methodology: The physical therapy intervention program was carried out using synchronous and asynchronous methods according to the social context of each family. Results: The telehealth strategies were positively evaluated by caregivers and physical therapists. Conclusion: The study concluded that telehealth has promoted satisfactory results in infants' physiotherapeutic monitoring, and it could be an additional tool for early intervention after the pandemic.

Workshop Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi Bandicam

Video pembelajaran matematika diperlukan dalam pembelajaran daring untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuan peserta didik. Tujuan diadakannya workshop adalah memotivasi guru matematika membuat video pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan aplikasi bandicam. Workshop diadakan secara daring dengan metode sinkronus dan asinkronus dari tanggal 22-30 Oktober 2020. Peserta adalah guru matematika yang tergabung dalam MGMP MTs dan MA se-Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 29 orang. Guru yang sudah sering membuat video pembelajaran sederhana sangat antusias karena video yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi bandicam menampilkan wajah guru yang berbicara. Kegiatan workshop ini mendapat respon di kriteria sangat baik untuk keempat aspek yang dinilai yaitu materi, narasumber, durasi dan media penyampaian serta guru dapat membuat video pembelajaran matematika. Peserta disarankan menggunakan konteks etnomatematika yaitu dengan memasukkan budaya Banjar pada pembuatan video pembelajaran matematika agar lebih bermakna. Beberapa guru telah berhasil membuat video pembelajaran matematika kemudian menguploadnya ke youtube.Mathematics learning videos are needed in online learning to optimize students' abilities. The purpose of holding the workshop is to motivate mathematics teachers to make mathematics learning videos using the Bandicam application. The workshop was held online with synchronous and asynchronous methods from 22 to 30 October 2020. Participants were 29 math teachers who are members of the MGMP MTs and MA in Banjarmasin City. Teachers who have often made simple learning videos are very enthusiastic because the videos produced using the Bandicam application show the face of the teacher speaking. This workshop activity received a very good response in the criteria for the four aspects assessed, namely material, resource persons, duration and media of delivery, and the teacher could make mathematics learning videos. Participants are advised to use an ethnomathematics context, namely by including the Banjar Culture in making mathematics learning videos to make them more meaningful. Some teachers have succeeded in making mathematics learning videos and then uploading them to YouTube.

Power-saving Asynchronous Quorum-based Protocols for Maximal Neighbour Discovery

The discovery of neighbouring active nodes is one of the most challenging problems in asynchronous ad hoc networks. Since time synchronization is extremely costly in these networks, application of asynchronous methods like quorum-based protocols have attracted increased interest for their suitability. This is because Quorum-based protocols can guarantee that two nodes with differing clock times have an intersection within at least one timeslot. A higher neighbour discovery rate of active nodes is desired, but it also results in a higher active ratio and consequently and adversely more overall power consumption of the nodes and a shorter network lifetime. There must be a trade-off between extensive neighbour discovery and active ratio in order to design high-performance and efficient protocols. In this paper, two novel asynchronous quorum-based protocols to maximize the neighbour discovery and minimize the active ratio have been designed and presented. A new metric (Quorum Efficiency Ratio: QER) has also been designed to evaluate and compare the performance of quorum-based protocols in terms of their neighbour discovery (the Expected Quorum Overlap Size: EQOS) and the active ratio. The EQOS has been theoretically derived, along with the Active Ratio and the QER values for the proposed novel protocols and the other contemporary protocols. Finally, the proposed methods have been evaluated and compared against the other methods based on the current metrics and the new metric.

Developing the system architecture for conducting synchronous paediatric feeding assessments via telepractice

Introduction Telepractice systems should be acceptable to users and meet end-user needs. Whilst the system requirements to conduct adult dysphagia assessments via telepractice are established, key differences exist between adult and paediatric swallowing assessments. This study was conducted to develop the system architecture required to conduct paediatric feeding assessments in patient homes via telepractice. Methods The study used a four-phase iterative design, informed by human-centred design principles. In Phase 1, two telepractice researchers and two paediatric feeding clinicians identified assessment tasks and explored potential system design solutions. Initial system testing was completed using clinical simulations (Phase 2). Live trials with 10 typically developing children were then conducted (Phase 3). Phase 4 involved user-centred feedback from clinicians and parents. Feedback from the development team, clinicians and parents was used to continuously refine the model. Results A combination of synchronous and asynchronous methods enabled all assessment components to be successfully completed. Clinician and parent feedback established the optimal technology (e.g. phone, tablet) and key camera positions necessary to optimise visual/auditory information for the online clinician. End-user feedback identified greater time efficiencies could be achieved through collecting some data (e.g. intra-oral pictures) via asynchronous methods prior to the session. Information sheets were deemed necessary to enhance the user experience. Clinicians and parents responded positively to the final system design. Discussion Modifications to standard videoconferencing were necessary to develop a clinically viable process for conducting paediatric feeding assessments in the home via telepractice. End-user feedback was integral to the design of the final model.

Innovative Scenarios in the Teaching and Learning Process: A View From the Implementation of Virtual Platforms

In this research article an analysis and evaluation of virtual learning spaces is carried out. To address this process, three (3) academic virtual platforms were selected, Moodle, Blackboard and Jimdo. The methodology used was of a descriptive type, applying the synchronous and asynchronous methods of virtual teaching established in each of the Institutions. A description and evaluation of each virtual platform was carried out taking into account four identified criteria: the technical and material design; instructional design; tutorial action and the virtual class. The evaluation using educational platforms generated scenarios of innovation from the social view since it allowed both the teacher and student to rethink the evaluation not only as an instrument but as a transversal process linked to different fields such as: social, cultural, economic, etc.