DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF POROUS-HOLLOW CERAMIC STONES

A resource-saving technology of porous ceramic materials using low-quality non-sintering sandy loam as a basic raw material has been developed. Based on the analysis of the plastic properties of two- and three-component ceramic masses, including sandy loam, expanded clay and fuel slag in various ratios, it was found that the required level of their plasticity provides the content of the main raw material in the following range (wt%): fuel slag – 15 – 20; sandy loam – 50 – 65; expanded clay – 20 – 30. By the method of planning the experiment, the rational composition of the three-component ceramic mass was substantiated. This which contains: 62.5 wt. % sandy loam, 20 wt. % medium-sintering plastic clay as a plasticizer and 17.5 wt. % fuel slag of TPP as a porous agent. For the developed mass, the main technological properties were investigated, which made it possible to recommend the drying mode of the raw material – 60 hours, the optimal firing temperature – 950 °С. Such conditions ensure that samples are obtained without drying cracks and signs of deformation. Оn the results of dilatometric analysis of mass the rational mode of firing high-hollow semifinished products was designed. The firing mode provides for a 44-hour firing and a decrease in the heating rates in the areas of dehydration of clay minerals, direct quartz transition and intensive sintering of the mass, as well as a decrease in the cooling rate in the area of the reverse quartz transition. The proposed firing mode provides the degree of sintering and their properties necessary for ceramic materials. Based on the developed mass under the recommended drying and firing modes, porous ceramic materials with an apparent density of 1.48 g/cm3, a compressive strength of 18.2 MPa and frost resistance of 30 cycles were obtained. The developed materials belong to the group of conditionally effective, and if 50% of the voids are organized, they can be classified as effective.

Algorithm for assessing and selecting innovations for an enterprise

Currently, innovative technologies of the third and fourth industrial revolutions have a huge impact on the develop-ment of industrial enterprises. There is a need to create an approach to decision-making management when introducing innovative technologies. The purpose of the article is to develop an algorithm for assessing innovative technologies by gradually narrowing the area of feasible solutions. A brief analysis of existing methods for assessing innovations is giv-en. It is shown that the existing economic and complex assessments do not allow to give a systematic assessment of the effectiveness of innovations, since new technologies have no experience in the past. The works of J. Rifkin and K. Schwab, as well as the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030 can form the basis for choosing the initial set of innovations, the basis for forming the area of proposed innova-tions for implementation. To narrow the selected set of innovations, an algorithm for systemic assessment and selec-tion of innovations is proposed. The study, carried out on the basis of the developed algorithm for the shipbuilding en-terprise "Admiralteyskie Verfi" in Saint Petersburg, made it possible to evaluate and select the rational composition of innovations for this enterprise.

The use of machine learning methods in the development of nasal dosage forms with cerebroprotective action

In order to save resource of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, in the early stages of research, when planning an experiment, it is advisable to use data of the predicted and experimental physicochemical properties stored in different aggregation databases. The information found will reduce the time for composition development and for technology processing. However, the variety of active compounds characteristics and excipients is not always reflected in these services. Recently, machine learning models have been widely used in various scientific fields; they allow to obtain predictions with high reliability. Given the above, it is relevant and promising to develop models of machine learning to predict the presence of pharmaceutical incompatibilities in the formulation of nasal dosage forms. The aim of the study is to develop models of machine learning for in silico forecast of the rational composition of nasal dosage forms with cerebroprotective action. Materials and methods. A dataset, containing data on compounds (active and auxiliary) and characteristics on the presence or absence of interaction (pharmaceutical incompatibility), was used as material. Training datasets were filled by content analysis of PubMed library data (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) manually, by keywords “pharmaceutical incompatibilities”, “physico-chemical compatibility”, “incompatible excipients”) for the last 10 years. The resulting dataset comprises 1185 lines. The methods employed were a set of methods for binary classification of machine learning (pycaret.org) using the programming language Python 3.8 (python.org) in the package management environment Miniconda (conda.io). Pipeline programming was performed using Jupyter notebook package (jupyter.org). The generation of MACCS (Molecular ACCess System keys) in the training dataset was performed using RDKit package (rdkit.org). Specifications of the simplified representation of molecules in the input line (SMILES), in automatic mode, were searched using PubChem service (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Results. The obtained data allowed to choose two perspective models of machine learning of binary classification, whose quality was checked on a dataset for verification. Statistical evaluations of the selected models indicate a high probability of in silico prognosis for the presence or absence of pharmaceutical incompatibilities in the development of nasal formulations of cerebroprotective dosage forms. They are posted on the web server of the expert system ExpSys Nasalia (nasalia.zsmu.zp.ua) in the calculations section. Conclusions. As a result of our research, we have developed machine learning models for in silico prediction of the rational composition of nasal dosage forms with cerebroprotective action. Confirmation of the quality of the pharmaceutical incompatibilities prediction, using the developed models, is checked on a dataset for check. The statistical indicators of the tree_blender (AUC 0.9521, F1 0.9747, MCC 0.9094) and boost_blender (AUC 0.9593, F1 0.9821, MCC 0.9352) models were obtained. The use of machine learning models in pharmaceutical development will contribute to resource conservation and optimization of the composition of the formulation.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT ASSORTMENT OF TWO-BALL GRINDING LOAD ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN OPEN-CYCLE BALL MILL

The ball mill has an energy efficiency of no more than 3.5 % (taking into account the measures taken to intensify the process of grinding the material). This is due to the imperfection of the design of the grinding unit, which consists in the fact that it is impossible to completely convert the mechanical energy accumulated by the grinding load into grinding energy (i.e., energy directly spent on the destruction of material particles). Most of the stored energy is converted into heat, noise, and vibration. The existing directions of intensification of the grinding process are as follows: improvement of the design, internal equipment of the cement mill; changes in the physical and chemical properties of the grinding medium; improvement of the grinding scheme. The authors of this article work in the direction of improving the internal equipment, which is reflected in the scientifically based selection of the range of grinding media for the fine grinding chamber, since the rational composition of the grinding load can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the grinding process. The authors continue to study the possibility of using a two-ball loading in a fine grinding chamber. This article provides a brief overview of the different ranges of two-ball grinding loadings, which differ from each other only in the range of grinding media. The possibility of a significant increase in the productivity of the mill when replacing the traditional grinding load with a rational two-ball is shown

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPARATUS OF ORGANIZATION OF COUNTERDITION TO DIVERSION AND INTELLIGENCE GROUPS IN THE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF THE BORDER DETACHMENT

In this article, proposes the solution of the problem of choosing the rational composition of the elements of the order of the border detachment through the use of theoretical and methodological apparatus of counteraction to sabotage and reconnaissance groups in the area of responsibility of the border detachment. The direction of further research is to develop specific recommendations to the management of state border guards on the implementation of the software product in the activities of border units.

The envelope method in the problem of choosing a rational composition of measuring instruments

As part of the development of monitoring systems for the operation of technical objects, the problem of improving the quality of monitoring systems for the loaded state is considered. Based on the analysis of the mathematical model of the structure and its loading, a methodology for the selection of measuring instruments was developed. The urgency of the problem of calculating substantiation of the choice of key points of the structure is shown, at which it is possible to measure deformations for the subsequent restoration of the existing loads with maximum accuracy. An approach based on the envelope method for determining the rational composition of measuring instruments for restoring the loads acting on the structure is stated.

Integrated modifying zinc-containing additive for construction silicate compositions

Sodium silicate binders are a promising binder base for obtaining effective granular thermal insulation materials. Increasing water resistance, first of all, will expand the scope of their application in construction. At the same time, the features of the modification of sodium silicate binders by compounds of polyvalent metals have not been fully studied, the interaction with which leads to the formation of hardly soluble silicates. The purpose of this work was to develop a modifying complex based on a zinc-containing compound - zinc acetate to increase the water resistance and thermal characteristics of the porous granular material. The proposed modifying additive is a complex consisting of zinc acetate and an organic alcohol solvent. It is shown that the properties of porous granular material can be controlled by changing the composition of the zinc acetate solvent. Qualitative and quantitative dependences of the properties of porous granules (strength, water resistance, density, thermal conductivity) on the type of zinc-containing solution and its content in the compositions have been obtained. The concept of the mechanism of formation of sparingly soluble complexes during the modification of sodium silicate binders with zinc-containing aqueous-alcoholic solutions has been developed. X-ray phase analysis showed that the sodium silicate system modified with an aqueous alcohol solution of zinc acetate, in contrast to an aqueous solution of zinc acetate, is completely in an amorphous state. We believe that compounds of the Zn2SiO4H2O, ZnSiO3 type are in the amorphous state. The obtained research results made it possible to determine the rational composition of granular heat-insulating material with increased operational and functional characteristics (ρ = 200-280 kg / m3, λ = 0.052-0.063 W / (m °C), R = 1.3-1.8 MPa, Kr = 0.89-0.92, W = 16- 18 %).

THE TECHNIQUE OF SUBSTANTIATING THE RATIONAL COMPOSITION OF INFORMATION SECURITY TOOLS WITH CONSTRAINED RESOURCES

Finding the optimal structure of an information security system is an important task complicated by its uncertain, stochastic and nonlinear nature especially, if resources are constrained. The article considers a mathematical model for determining the cost of damage prevented by information security tools, and the cost of their installation and maintenance. The optimization criterion is the minimum cost of the damage prevented. Task variables are the number of different types of security features installed in the security system. The authors propose a methodology to substantiate rational composition of information security tools, taking into account economic constraints.