GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN TINDAKAN MAHASISWA JURUSAN FARMASI POLTEKKES KEMENKES MEDAN TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN COVID-19

Coronavirus 2019 or COVID-19 is a pandemic that has resulted in high mortality rates in various parts of the world. Good knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic and clean and healthy living behavior as an effort to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 is important to implement. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and actions about COVID-19 among students of the Department of Pharmacy, Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Medan. This research method uses a descriptive survey with simple random sampling technique. The characteristics of the respondents, totaling 146 people, were obtained online with the criteria for male-female 111 people and male 34 people. For the level of knowledge, the most answered statements for positive statements were statements Strongly Agree (SS) by 70.5%, namely the statement "COVID-19 first emerged from China". Attitude level (SS) is 50% in the statement "Knowing that the spread and transmission of COVID-19 can be through the air, you try to reduce activities outside the home", and Action, positive statement (SS) is 65.1% in the statement "Efforts can be made to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 is by social distancing and implementing Health Protocols” The conclusion of this study is that the level of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of students(i) towards COVID-19 prevention, are 84,23% (good), 85.53% (good), and 83.64. % (good).

Beier Sentence Completion Test Profiles of Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders

Background: Understanding adolescents' and emerging adults' psychiatric complaints and their relations with psychiatric disorders can be challenging. Beier Sentence Completion Test (BSCT), as a projective test, can be promising in this respect. However, relations between BSCT profiles and adolescent psychopathology are not well known. Aim: This study aimed to examine and compare BSCT profiles of adolescents and emerging adults with internalizing and externalizing disorders. As well as that, the relation of BSCT profiles with depression and anxiety scores was investigated. Objective: To achieve this aim, we retrospectively collected the hospital records of 300 adolescents and emerging adults (aged. 14-21) admitted to an Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Unit. Method: The psychiatric diagnosis of the patients was classified as Internalizing (n =100) and Externalizing (n = 100) disorder groups; the control group (n = 100) consisted of adolescents and young adults without any psychiatric diagnosis. BSCT, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered on the first admission to all cases before psychiatric evaluation and treatment. BSCT total subfactor (positive, negative, neutral, and non-response) statement scores were compared between groups, and their correlations with BDI and BAI were investigated. Besides, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for estimating any diagnostic group differences, as well as bivariate logistic regression analyses for estimating BDI and BAI cutoff scores with models that included BSCT total subfactor statement scores. Results: It was revealed that lower positive and non-response statements were crucial for distinguishing externalizing and internalizing disorders and that positive and negative statements were correlated with depression and anxiety scores.In the multivariate regression model, these correlations were predictive only for the relationship between internalizing disorders group and low positive statement scores, not higher negative statement scores that can be associated with lack of positive emotional processing in this group. Also, nonresponse statement scores were found to be predictive for externalizing disorder groups. Similarly, BDI cut-off scores were predicted with low positive statement scores. Conclusion: BSCT profiles can be promising for understanding adolescents and emerging adults with internalizing and externalizing disorders. Lack of positive attributions to the self and other domains of life can be important for differentiating adolescent psychopathology.

Olfactory-related Quality of Life Adjustments in Smell Loss during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic

Background Previous studies provided the first evidence that the importance of olfaction decreases with the duration of olfactory dysfunction (OD). Objective To evaluate differences in olfactory-related quality of life (QoL) between patients with new-onset and persistent smell loss (>4 weeks) during the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and patients with persistent postinfectious OD (PIOD) that were recruited before the pandemic. Methods This was a retrospective study that included 149 patients with self-reported OD. The olfactory-related QoL was measured using the questionnaire of OD (QOD). The QOD measures the degree to which patients (i) adjust and cope with smell loss (QOD-positive statement [QOD-PS]), (ii) suffer from distorted odor perceptions (QOD-parosmia [QOD-PAR]), and (iii) suffer from smell loss in general (QOD-negative statement [QOD-NS]). Self-perceived chemosensory function, demographics, olfactory function, and duration of smell loss were evaluated. Analyses of variance were used to depict differences in QoL-outcomes between different OD groups. Results All patients included during the COVID-19 pandemic reported an extensive loss of chemosensory functions of smell, taste, and flavor perception. Psychophysical retronasal screening testing showed olfactory impairments in more than half of these patients. One-way analysis of variance and posthoc tests revealed that the QOD-NS was significantly higher in the new-onset OD group than the PIOD group. At the same time, the QOD-PS score was significantly higher in the PIOD and the persistent COVID-19 OD group than in the new-onset OD group. Conclusion We showed that patients with persistent OD experienced better olfactory-related adjustment and lower QoL-impairment scores than those with recent-onset smell loss, suggesting that the olfactory-related QoL might change as a function of time after symptom onset.

DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP EKONOMI DAN LINGKUNGAN FISIK DI DESA WISATA DI BALI

The COVID-19 pandemic had a very significant impact on tourism in Bali, as evidenced by decreasing tourist visits to Bali. The decline of tourist visits had an impact on the economy and the physical environment in Bali, especially in Tourism Villages. The survey was conducted on the local communities involved in the management of tourist villages in Bali as many as 100 respondents to get the community's perception of the impact given to the economy and the physical environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling technique used was proportionally stratified random sampling and analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis. Community perceptions in tourist villages in Bali about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy have a negative impact. This can be seen from the highest average value which has the highest loading factor matrix value of 0,773. The perception of communities in tourist villages in Bali about the impact of covid 19 on the environment tends to have a positive impact. This can be seen from the results of the highest loading factor value in a positive statement with a value of 0,868; that is cleaner water conditions in the tourist village.

Morphosyntactical Errors in Students' Recount Text

The aims of the study are to identify the morphosyntactical errors which occur in students’ recount text, to describe the most and least of morphosyntactical errors in students’ recount text and to explain the reason of morphosyntactical errors occurrence in students’ recount text by XI AK at SMK Kartika 1-3 Medan. The primary data are all word, phrases and sentences in students’ recount text in the 2020 period. The method used was the qualitative method. The result of the research identified types of morphosyntactical errors; noun morphology, verb morphology, adverb morphology, adjective morphology, noun phrase, verb phrase, word order and transformation. Based the theory used to identify the error is adapted by dulay surface taxonomy, which are; addition, ommission, misorder, and misformation. Misformation of verb morphology is the most frequent error made by the student around 45% of the total error came from this error and parameter. The second most frequently error are ommission of noun phrase with the total error sum up to 21%, misordering of noun morphology 13%, addition of verb 11%, addition of word order 8%, the last adverb and adjective morphology 1%. On the other hand, transformation parameters in all errors didn’t occur due to the monotonous of sentences used by student. Almost all the sentences are in the form of declarative sentence with a positive statement form. This research concludes that the student less of information about the use verb 2 in recount text, so they just write what they know and the student confused in used verb especially changed verb 1 into verb 2 in recount text. The reason behind this error is due to ‘Misconception’ of the student.

Toward a Positive Statement of Ethical Principles for Military AI

This chapter responds to the interesting lack of formal movement by states toward the development of practical ethical frameworks for military applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Despite prominent depictions of autonomous weapon systems as the first step toward a dystopian future and almost seven years of international discussions under the auspices of the United Nations, only the United States has developed explicit principles for military AI. In the absence of similar efforts by other states, the underlying technologies have continued to develop, particularly in the civilian sphere. The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to review ethical principles that were originally developed for civilian applications of AI and then propose a version that could be deployed to armed forces that seek to deploy autonomous systems and military AI. This chapter will consider the limitations of such an approach and argue in favor of the development of a ‘minimally-just AI’ to ensure that autonomous weapons cannot be used for blatant violations of the laws of war. The Military Ethical AI principles outlined in this chapter are intended for use as a high-level framework and shared language to enable discussion among various stakeholders on the ethical and legal concerns that remain with militarized AI.

Paul’s Explanation of Christ-Movement Identity in 2 Corinthians 6:14–7:1: A Social Identity Approach

This article deploys a social identity approach to argue that Paul wrote 2 Corinthians 6:14–7:1 as an integral part of 2 Corinthians to elucidate Christ-movement identity at a key point in an integrated letter. First, I will critique arguments that the passage is an intrusion based on its alleged awkward positioning between 6:13 and 7:2, proposing instead that it is carefully sited within the larger unit of 6:11–7:4. Secondly, I will critically analyze arguments that its non-Pauline character is suggested by the language used. Thirdly, I will explain the presence of 6:14–7:1 in 2 Corinthians as a means whereby, at a critical point in his argument, Paul made a positive statement concerning Christ-movement identity for his Corinthian pistoi, that is, the ingroup of Christ-followers who accepted his version of the gospel, as opposed to apistoi. The latter category embraced both idol-worshipping non-Judeans and his Judean opponents in Corinth who advocated a rival identity based on a different gospel linked to the Mosaic law. In relation to Paul’s extended re-application of Israelite Scripture in 6:16–18, I will argue for its decontextualized, indeed “oracular” character in a context where Paul aimed to communicate with actual addressees, most of whom were illiterate non-Judeans.

Self-perceived Taste and Flavor Perception: Associations With Quality of Life in Patients With Olfactory Loss

Objective To evaluate associations between self-perceived chemosensory functions of smell, taste, and flavor perception with olfactory-specific quality of life (QoL) in patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) and whether these associations would be influenced by other factors, such as duration or etiology of smell loss. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care, academic center. Methods Olfactory-specific QoL was measured with the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD). The QOD measures the impact of OD on QoL (QOD-negative statements) and the ability of patients to cope with smell loss (QOD-positive statements). Orthonasal olfactory function, patients’ demographics, self-perceived chemosensory perception, and duration and etiology of OD were retrospectively collected in a cohort of patients with quantitative OD. Correlations and multivariable linear regression models were computed to determine possible associations with the outcome measure of QOD-negative and QOD-positive statement scores. Results A total of 133 patients with OD were included. Analysis revealed a positive correlation between self-perceived taste and flavor perception with QOD-negative statement scores, while self-perceived smell showed no significant correlation. Similarly, longer duration of smell loss and higher age were also correlated with higher QOD-positive statement scores. Multivariable regression models confirmed that self-perceived taste was independently associated with the QOD-negative statement score, while age and duration of OD were independently associated with the QOD-positive statement score. Conclusions These findings suggest that the impact of diminished flavor perception during eating and drinking has a stronger impact on the QoL of patients with OD as compared with decreased orthonasal olfaction.

Students’ Opinions about Blended Learning in Redox Material and Compounds Nomenclature

This study aims to determine the response of learners to Blended learning models - Problem Based Learning. The method used is pre experimental design. The sample in this study was the students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Ungaran and SMA Negeri 2 Ungaran, amounting to 143 learners. To study the response of the students to use the questionnaire. Learners' questionnaire responses were analyzed descriptively by calculating the average of each aspect. Likert Scale questionnaire was analyzed by being converted into a quantitative scale. Item statement consists of a positive statement which amounts to 15. The questionnaire was given to the students after participating in the learning process with a model Blended- Problem Based Learning. The results showed that the students responded positively to the model developed, indicating the learning model Problem Based Learning Blended- very useful to help learners to understand the concept of redox and nomenclature of chemical compounds. In addition to understanding the concept, Blended-Problem Based Learning also help learners to solve problems in everyday life associated with redox material and nomenclature of chemical compounds.

The Influence of International Pre-Service Teaching Program Towards Students’ Speaking Ability at University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

The objective of the research is to find out the influence of International Pre-service Teaching Program toward students’ speaking English ability at Makassar Muhammadiyah University. The researcher applied descriptive qualitative research. The population of the research was the students who join International Pre-service Teaching Program (P2K International) at Makassar Muhammadiyah University. The researcher used total sampling technique. The population consisted of 15 students who joined in 2014 and 13 students who joined in 2015. The result of the research data showed that there were 25.31% students chose Strongly Agree from 237 items in positive statement and 37.14% Agree, 27.85% Undecided, 5.90% Disagree, and then 3.80% students chose Strongly Agree. While 1.57% students chose Strongly Agree from 254 items in negative statement and 10.24% Agree, 21.26% Undecided, 23.63% Disagree, and then 43.30% students chose Strongly Agree. In self-confidence aspect they feel no worry anymore to speak in public, in grammar they can not deny that their grammar become better, in fluently their English speaking is not slow as beginner, and their vocabulary significantly enriched after the program. All these aspects lead the students to become speaker especially in English. Having analyzed the data, it can be concluded that Pre-service teaching international program has significantly influence and improved the students’ English speaking ability at Makassar Muhammadiyah University.