Specifying Hybrid Models of Teachers’ Work During COVID-19

The term “hybrid” emerged as a common descriptor of pandemic-modified schooling configurations. Yet this umbrella term insufficiently captures the variations among hybrid models, particularly as it pertains to the structure of teacher workdays and related workload demands. Drawing on qualitative research documenting K–12 U.S. teachers’ experience teaching during COVID-19, this brief introduces and explicates three terms specifying structural hybrid models—parallel, alternating, and blended—and their implications for teachers’ work. Differentiating among the models facilitates future analysis of the implications of hybrid schooling for teacher and student experience. Initial analysis indicates teachers experienced one model, blended hybrid, as more challenging than others. This teacher perception highlights the need to discern among the three hybrid models more closely when analyzing schools’ responses to the pandemic. Differentiating among hybrid models may prompt future analysis of hybrid schooling for teacher workload and student learning.

Mechanically Stable β-TCP Structural Hybrid Scaffolds for Potential Bone Replacement

The authors report on the manufacturing of mechanically stable β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) structural hybrid scaffolds via the combination of additive manufacturing (CerAM VPP) and Freeze Foaming for engineering a potential bone replacement. In the first step, load bearing support structures were designed via FE simulation and 3D printed by CerAM VPP. In the second step, structures were foamed-in with a porous and degradable calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic that mimics porous spongiosa. For this purpose, Fraunhofer IKTS used a process known as Freeze Foaming, which allows the foaming of any powdery material and the foaming-in into near-net-shape structures. Using a joint heat treatment, both structural components fused to form a structural hybrid. This bone construct had a 25-fold increased compressive strength compared to the pure CaP Freeze Foam and excellent biocompatibility with human osteoblastic MG-63 cells when compared to a bone grafting Curasan material for benchmark.

Design of a Lightweight Multifunctional Composite Railway Axle Utilising Coaxial Skins

The rising economic and environmental pressures associated with the generation and consumption of energy necessitates the need for lightweighting of railway vehicles. The railway axle is a prime candidate for lightweighting of the unsprung mass. The reduction of unsprung mass correlates to reduced track damage, energy consumption and total operating costs. This paper presents the design of a lightweight multifunctional hybrid metallic-composite railway axle utilising coaxial skins. The lightweight axle assembly comprises a carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite tube with steel stub axles bonded into either end. The structural hybrid metallic-composite railway axle is surrounded by coaxial skins each performing a specific function to meet the secondary requirements. A parametric sizing study is conducted to explore the sensitivity of the design parameters of the composite tube and the stub axle interaction through the adhesive joint. The optimised design parameters of the axle consist of a; composite tube outer diameter of 225 mm, composite tube thickness of 7 mm, steel stub axle extension thickness of 10 mm and a bond overlap length of 100 mm. The optimised hybrid metallic-composite railway axle design concept has a mass of 200 kg representing a reduction of 50% over the solid steel version.

Study on the development the market position company of fully electric vehicles

Owing on decreased the marketing performances on automotive industries- energy generation, and storage industry in many firms. The research inquired of research gap within pursues the market- positions that it was conduct within resources of the corporate. Therefore, the research method conducted the one step approach within the confirmed strategy that conduct within an equation’s structural hybrid-model. The results- data was significantly contributed to the goal setting theory that it could drive to improve and enhanced within an innovation evidence in the digital-marketing and encompassed the marketing strategies that could pursued the market positions within the firms in the automotive fully electric vehicles industry as firms policies that innovation effort in digital marketing more focused than task marketing strategies and top managers.

Design of A Lightweight Multifunctional Composite Railway Axle Utilising Coaxial Skins

The potential for lightweighting of railway axles was investigated to primarily reduce the unsprung mass of rail vehicles. The reduction of unsprung mass equates to an overall lighter train which will help to reduce: track damage, energy consumption and total operating costs. This paper presents the design of a lightweight multifunctional hybrid metallic-composite railway axle utilising coaxial skins. The lightweight axle assembly comprises a carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite tube with steel stub axles bonded into either end. The structural hybrid metallic-composite railway axle is surrounded by coaxial skins each performing a specific function to meet secondary requirements. These include fire and ballast skins to protect the axle core. An outer pigmented layer provides visual identification of the axle class, along with protection against environmental agents. Integrated into the railway axle is a structural health monitoring layer to provide feedback on the integrity of the composite tube and adhesive bonds during the operating life. A tether assembly acts as a failsafe against wheel detachment resulting from catastrophic axle damage. The optimised hybrid metallic-composite railway axle design concept has a mass of 200 kg representing a reduction of 50% over the solid steel version.

Diverse CRISPR-Cas complexes require independent translation of small and large subunits from a single gene

CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems provide prokaryotes with defense against viruses by degradation of specific invading nucleic acids. We investigated the previously uncharacterized type I-D interference complex from Synechocystis and revealed it is a genetic and structural hybrid with similarity to both type I and III systems. Surprisingly, formation of the functional complex required internal in-frame translation of small subunits from within the large subunit gene. We further show that internal translation to generate small subunits is widespread across diverse type I-D, I-B and I-C systems, which account for roughly one quarter of CRISPR-Cas systems. Our work reveals the unexpected expansion of protein coding potential from within single cas genes, which has important implications for understanding CRISPR-Cas function and evolution.One Sentence SummaryInternal translation of large subunit transcripts drives small subunit synthesis in diverse type I CRISPR-Cas interference complexes

Effect of structural hybrid design on mechanical and biological properties of CoCr scaffolds fabricated by selective laser melting

Purpose The purpose of this study was to bring a new structural hybrid design approach to improve the mechanical and biological properties of the bone scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, selective laser melting (SLM). Design/methodology/approach In designing the hybrid scaffolds, different unit cells were used such as dodecahedron (DCH), grid (G), octet-truss (OCT) with partially dense (PDsl) and fully dense (FDsl) surface layers. After fabrication of scaffolds on SLM machine, compression test and cell viability test were applied to observe the effect of hybrid design on mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds. Findings It has been observed that designing the scaffold with partially dense or FDsl surfaces did not have a critical effect on the cell viability. On the contrary, the compression strength of scaffold increased from 56 to 100 MPa when the surface layer of the scaffold was designed as FDsl surface instead of partially dense surface. It has also been observed that the scaffold having the highest hybridity (PDsl+G+DCH+OCT) delivered the highest cell viability performance and had a compressive strength slightly higher than that of the scaffolds with single unit cell, PDsl+OCT. Originality/value This study brings a new approach to designing femur bone scaffold for fabricating with SLM. This hybrid design approach, including different unit cells in a single scaffold, covers many requirements of femur bone in terms of mechanical and biological properties.

Hybrid simulation of a structure to tsunami loading

A new hybrid simulation technique has been developed to assess the behavior of a structure under hydrodynamic loading. It integrates the computational fluid dynamics and structural hybrid simulation and couples the fluid loading and structural response at each simulation step. The conventional displacement-based and recently developed force-based hybrid simulation approaches are adopted in the structural analysis. The concept, procedure, and required components of the proposed hybrid simulation are introduced in this article. The proposed hybrid simulation has been numerically and physically tested in case of a coastal building impacted by a tsunami wave. It is demonstrated that the force error in the displacement-based approach is significantly larger than that in the force-based approach. The force-based approach allows for a more realistic and reliable structural assessment under tsunami loading.

The Impact of the Crisis and Unconventional Monetary Policy on European Inflation Dynamics

This study investigates the impact of the economic crisis in the late 2000s and early 2010s on European inflation dynamics using a hybrid New-Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) during three distinct periods. The pre-crisis period from 1999 through mid-2007, the crisis period until August 2012, and finally the “Whatever-It-Takes”-period after the remark by ECB president Mario Draghi. The structural hybrid NKPC is estimated for six countries of the Euro area (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and Austria) and for each of the three periods. The crisis and the subsequent reaction of the ECB both seem to have had a profound impact on the dynamics, as estimated parameters differ markedly between the periods. A discussion and interpretation of the results is provided.