DEMOKRASI AGONISTIK DAN SPIRIT BARU PASCA-PILKADA

The simultaneous general election of district heads in 270 regencies, municipalities and provinces in Indonesia in 2020 has ended. The end of the simultaneous general elections does not mean the end of competition, debate and discourse in democracy. A living democracy needs constant contestation, debate and discourse. That is the essence of the idea of agonistic democracy. The idea of agonistic democracy will be discussed in a sharp and comprehensive manner in this paper. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explain the concept of agonistic democracy. Furthermore, starting from the idea of agonistic democracy, the writer will show what spirit needs to be nurtured after the simultaneous regional elections that have just been held. The approach used in this paper is a speculative-analysis approach.

METAFISIKA POLITIK: MENIMBANG KEKUATAN ARISTOKRASI DALAM PILKADA BELU DAN MALAKA TAHUN 2020

This writing intends to describe the carrying out of election of district heads of Belu and Malaka regencies of the East Nusa Tenggara Province in December 2020. This paper is of the opinion that the election of district heads in these two regencies involved the perspective of political metaphysics. According to indigenous tradition of the Belunese and the Malakans, the metaphysical power is transformed into the personality of the raja. Raja is the representation of the divine, the incarnation of god (Maromak Oan) and endowed politically with rights to govern. In the general election of the Malaka and Belu district heads, the pair candidates running for the posts of regent and vice regent did their best to win the electoral contestation by building their political power through the coalition of political parties, through campaign for mass support, through political physics that mobilizes all political machinery as well as through pataphysics that make use of the virtual networks. Nevertheless, the coalition of political parties still take into account the power of metaphysical politics based on aristocracy. The nobilities are considered worthy to become the persons endowed with privileges to govern. Therefore the election of district heads does not necessarily always have to do with coalition, campaign and money politics, but also with tradition and belief of the voters who demonstrate their preference to the candidates from the aristocratic circles.

POPULISME, PILKADA DAN MASA DEPAN DEMOKRASI

Populism has risen to become a contemporary political phenomenon at both the global, national and local levels. Electoral contestations, including the election of district heads or “Pilkada”, were infiltrated by populist political practices. In this paper, I mostly use the perspective of political philosophy on populism. The main thesis of this paper is that populism threatens the existence of democracy when populist actors and politicians exploit the ethnic and religious sentiments of the voters, or exploit the people's vulnerabilities as mere populist narratives and rhetoric to win the electoral support. On the other hand, the discourse on antagonism in left populism is able to make a positive contribution to democracy as long as it is always placed within the framework of an antagonistic democratic discourse. Within the framework of antagonistic democracy, left populism consistently exposes the depravity of power, constructs the “people” as a group that opposes the oligarchic and neoliberal elites, and struggles for the right to social justice of the oppressed. This politico-philosophical analysis of populism is relevant in reflecting on the moments of electoral contestations such as the election of district heads (Pilkada) and on the fight for a better future of democracy.

MEMBACA FENOMENA KABAR BOHONG PILPRES 2019 DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN KACA MATA HERBERT MARCUSE, JÜRGEN HABERMAS, DAN ZYGMUNT BAUMAN

Hoaxes were rampant before, during and after the 2019 presidential election. According to Herbert Marcuse’s point of view, the hoax phenomenon is closely related to capitalism, hence prioritizing profit gaining and ignoring truth. Consequently, the people are seen as things and objects. Further, according to Jürgen Habermas, the hoax phenomenon takes place because of lack of communicative dialog and ethical responsibility where mass media are used as weaponry means by political parties to make public opinions. In the meantime, Zygmunt Bauman is of the opinion that the hoax phenomenon demonstrates that the people are treated as outsiders, foreigners and the out-group

PERAN DKPP DALAM MENEGAKKAN KODE ETIK PENYELENGGARA PEMILU DAN MEWUJUDKAN PILKADA BERMARTABAT

The Honorary Council for General Election Organizers (DKPP) is an element in the general election execution together with the General Election Commission (KPU) and the General Election Supervision Body (Bawaslu). The main function of the DKPP is to enforce the ethical code for the general election organizers. A dignified general election and election of district heads starts from the general election organizers who are supposed to uphold the general election ethics, although that does not constitute a single factor, in a sense that a dignified general election should be the responsibility of all elements of general election that include the organizers, the pair candidates, political parties, success team, civil servants, national and districts governments, as well as other stakeholders. The problem is that the DKPP’s authority is limited to the execution of the general election and does not cover the whole system of the carrying out of the general election and therefore it is difficult to realize a dignified election of district heads, despite the fact that a dignified election will bring about dignified leaders. As a democratic country, Indonesia is supposed to consider not only ethical code for the general election organizers but also ethical code for the whole implementation of the general election.

Preferensi dan Voting Behavior di Kalangan Mahasiswa Unwira Menjelang Pemilihan Umum Gubernur Provinsi NTT 2018

Provincial general election to elect the governor of NTT has resulted in the installment of Victor Bungtilu Lasikodat as thegovernor of NTT and Joseph Naisoi as the vice governor. This result does not seem to accord with the expectation of the collegestudents, i.e., the students of Widya Mandira Catholic University to be specific. Through a questionnaire the students wereasked which of the candidates become their preference. It turned out that 44,77 percent of the students preferred MarianusSae-Emi Nomleni, followed by Benny Harman-Benny Litelnoni at the second place with 25,58 percent. Victor-Joseph camein the third place with 20,35 percent. Voters in the election were attracted by bombastic promises during the campaign butstudents were more attracted by the actual performance of the candidates either in the government or in the legislature. Morethan that the students are expecting that the future governor can take care of several urgent issues such as better prosperity(88,14 %), health (83,59 %), education (78,67%) and religious tolerance (78,0%) which they believed can be realized byMarianus Sae dan Emi Nomleni as their future governor and vice governor.

Pengakuan Formal dan Pemenuhan Hak Nelayan

The Fisherman Card as a proof fisherman identity is a form of formal recognition of the existence and rights of the fishermenby the state. The implementation of the fisherman card from Jakarta up to remote areas is regulated in the Decree of theMinister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No.16 of the year 2016 on the Fisherman Card. The government through theMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, c.q. the Provincial Office as well as the Municipality Office of Marine Affairsand Fisheries are targeting that the whole fishermen in this area would hold the fisherman card. Since its launching in2013 until the implementation of the Ministerial Regulation on the Fisherman Card, many fishermen have not received thefisherman card while those who hold the card do not understand the function of the card. The Kupang Municipality up to the144JAP UNWIRA, Vol. 1, No. 1, Januari - Juni 2020mid of 2017 has covered only 26.74 percent of the fishermen as card recipients. This research utilizes the Dunn theoreticalframework that covers the aspects of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equality, responsiveness, and correctness to analyze theimplementation of Fisherman Card in Kupang Municipality. The research period that started from June through September2017 in five coastal villages (Nunbaun Sabu, Nunbaun Delha, Pasir Panjang, Oesapa, Lasiana) found that 73.26 percentof the fishermen had not possessed the Fisherman Card. Worse even, the card holders did not understand the purpose of thecard. The low percentage of card ownership is considered as caused by inadequacy of technical apparatus and human resourcesthat could not cover the whole fishermen of Kupang Municipality. The Fisherman Card is also gender-biased in that itaccommodates only fisherman as narrowly defined by the Law No.7 of 2016 as a person whose occupation is catching fish. TheFisherman Card neglects the pre and post activities of fish catching as well as of salt farmers, most of which are female works.The halfhearted recognition by state of the existence of fishermen who are involved in every link of the marine and fisherywork-chain is nothing but an indicator of the state’s absence to fulfill the rights of fishermen, and of fisherwomen in particular.

Inklusivitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat di Desa Air Mata, Kabupaten Kupang

Community participation in the management of village allocation fund in the Village of Mata Air is still far from the requiredstandards. At the planning stage, the management of the fund is deemed as too “technocratic” in which only village elites areinvolved, while the poor segment of the village residents as well as women are not involved. At the implementation stage, thefund management has neither been institutionalized nor determined by the mobilization of government instruments andvillage administrative personnel. So far the community participation only goes in a spontaneous way and as such has reducedthe degree of inclusiveness. As a result, the continuity of villagers’ initiatives is cut off and therefore it does not nurture thesense of belonging in the whole village development. At the supervision level, the fund is controlled in a structural-hierarchicalway without involving the village residents. The residents are not given access to the village fund management. The villagehead, village finance technical executive, and the village treasurer are still considered the most responsible persons in themanagement of village allocation fund.

Antropologi Politik Helmuth Plessner

In the contexts of contemporary social and political thought, a fundamental anthropological and political problem is thedebate about how deeply the essence of the human related to political praxis. The purpose of this article is to explore the idea ofHelmuth Plessner’s political anthropology as the middle paradigm, between political theology and economic theology. In thefirst and second parts of this article, Plessner’s philosophical anthropology will be presented, which focuses on the concept of theeccentric position of human being. Based on this concept, Plessner attempted to show the mutual interpenetration of philosophyand politics, which will be described in the third part of this article. Plessner insists on the importance of a philosophicalanthropology of the political for practical politics itself. Some conclusion will be drawn concerning the importance of smalldimensions of Plessner’s political anthropology in relation to the current political context.

Masa Depan Kita Ada di Laut

This research did a study on the potentials of the marine-and-fishery-based development in the NTT province. Marinebaseddevelopmentis a developmentthat uses the advantagesof marine resourcesfor the enhancement of people’sprosperitywithoutneglecting the marine ecologypreservation.The main assumption of this researchis that the NTTProvincehas agreatpotential of marine resourcesbut they havenot been used with utmost effortfor development.The objectiveof this studyisto explorethe marine potentials of NTTwaters for developmentand to what extent the provincialgovernmenthas made itspolicyto developmarine sector,what has been carried out, what arethe results,and what arethe obstacles in the development56JAP UNWIRA, Vol. 1, No. 1, Januari - Juni 2020of marine and fishery sector in NTT. Methods used are qualitative and the data collection is done through field observationand literature study. The results show that the marine potentials have not been utilized at the maximum level for the economicdevelopment. This can be detected from the low production of fish, unused infrastructure, no fisherman-oriented development,inefficient distribution and marketing of fish. This government-based natural resources management is not accompanied bysufficient technological know-how. Therefore it is recommended to establish a simpler organization with more functions. Theskill and the holistic knowledge of the personnel should be upgraded through education. We also need to enhance inter-sectoralcooperation, both between government organizations and with private enterprises within the province or between the provincesin a sustainable way. The personnel competence needs to be enhanced in the management and allocation of limited resources, sothat policy implementer can identify and make the priority of prime needs for human development.Key words.