Treatment of Organic Compounds Resulting from Oil Refineries under Solar Light and Reuse it for Industrial Purpose

This paper was aimed to examine the removal of oil from water by photocatalytic advance oxidation under solar light. A pH of 11 has shown a higher oil removal efficiency. Oil remove efficiency levels at pH 11 have been found 75% within 230 minutes’ oily water effluent, studies have shown that Langmuir isotherm has been the best-fit one of the isotherms for the removal of oil. Data have shown a higher adsorptive capacity. Also we have studied another parameter like (catalyst concentration, initial oil concentration and pH). While the treatment of waste-water is dependent upon a great level of quality for the processed industrial water, the nature of wastes that are added throughout the utilization, and the treatment degree that has been received by the waste-water. Then, the data of the waste-water quality that has been measured rou-tinely and it was reported at the plants of the waste-water treatments are mainly for disposal of the treated effluent or the necessities of the discharge in terms of the gross pollution parameters.

The Interstitial in Structural System in Architecture

Previous knowledge has shown a concept revealing different boundaries and relations of building spaces with its outer shell; which represent the boundaries of these spaces. This concept is called interstitial space which is based on creating an interlocution and communication within this space giving a new understanding of meaning and a new approach in archi-tectural formation. This concept of knowledge description has varied as it is linked once to its nature or again to the built environment levels whether it's architectural or urban diverged within the academic and social context, as well as the blur-ring relationship nature of this space with the structural system of the building. Therefore, the problem state of this research, which goal focuses on, is highlighted as "the urge to investigate the concept of interstitial structure characteristics". Yet the methodology of the research is based on the descriptive and analytical approach consisting of three phases; phases one is to build a theoretical framework about the characteristics of the interstitial space in architecture; second is to conduct a practical study and identify several samples of buildings vary in their structural systems (traditional, structural and space); then analyze data and identify the conclusions of which the interstitial space grows and expands physically and expres-sively with the presence of the recent constructive systems and the lack of presence of the Interstitial spaced has led to spatial differentiation and closed toward inside especially those designed parametrically and reflect it in the other tradi-tional and structural constructive systems.

The effect of mobile application programming on the educational process

Distance learning is something really familiar nowadays. In the past few years, our world has witnessed a massive revolu-tion in the world of information technology and provided simple ways to obtain information at reasonable prices. Today, sharing information is an integral part of every person's life. Devices such as phones, tablets, and smartphones have be-come the main focus of digital life. With technological progress, electronic devices go through stages of software develop-ment that allow them to perform additional, more complex tasks, and process a larger flow of information. Almost every-one between the ages of 10 and 60 owns a mobile device. So mobile apps are always up to date. Therefore, it is quite logi-cal to use the mobile application as an auxiliary element in the educational system, especially as it provides many services such as accessing the Internet, browsing the web, sending e-mails, exchanging multimedia messages and files and provid-ing instant messaging applications with audio and video. Focusing on employing technology in education and its curricula, regardless of its level, is considered very important. This work diagnoses what users prefer when using the e-learning appli-cation through a questionnaire distributed to a group of university students to collect data on their preferences regarding mobile applications for e-learning.

The Method and Intellectual Repercussion in Architecture

"The architectural studies in general dealt with the study of several concepts that have an important role in the design part as well as providing preparation and support of its requirements, procedures, and rules for a variety of aspects and details. The current research directed towards a specified study of the relationship of two influential concepts within the frame-work of architectural design. These concepts are; the method and its relationship to the state of intellectual repercussion with the necessity of introducing, clarifying and defining the general knowledge frameworks for the nature of those rela-tions and the effect of the indicators of that situation with respect to the general knowledge about them. This research is Directed to define the general frameworks of the basic research concepts, which are both the method and the repercussion with other concepts that are influential, design, thought or thinking, to determine the cases of interconnec-tion between them and then to refer these cases to several levels, and to propose the models adopted from the studies and architectural proposals, which will determine the indicators needed to define the situation The correlation between the basic concepts of research (method and repercussion) within the framework of the field of architecture to show that the final out-come refers to the adoption of the repercussion as an instrument or preparation for the benefit of the method within the ar-chitectural design"

Assessment of dissolved oxygen in Shatt Al-Arab River by other quality parameters of water using Artificial Neural Networks

The Major sources of water are surface and subsurface. Surface water includes Rivers, Reservoirs, Creek, Streams, etc. This paper deals with using a neural network model to recognize dissolved oxygen in Shatt Al-Arab. Within the present study, Shatt Al-Arab River (Basrah-Iraq) is considered as the study area with monthly observed data from 2009-2014. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been applied to pattern the relations among eight (8) water quality parameters which are devoted for predicting one parameter (1) so that to decrease the load of long experimental procedure. Physical and chemical parameters that are inserted in the model are: pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and nitrate. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is included in the output models. The three layered feed-forward model with back-propagation multi-layer perception (MLP) models architecture of 8-8-1 for DO. The artificial neural network has got training successfully and has been tested with 70{1524fc3db9b9185e4da51c194ca3b05c06ae483421403c447a0666442f370a52} and 30{1524fc3db9b9185e4da51c194ca3b05c06ae483421403c447a0666442f370a52} of the data groups. Statistical criteria of correlation coefficient (R2) and mean square error (MSE) are used to evaluate performance of the models. The correlation coefficients of the artificial neural network model for predicting DO have been 0.99354 and 0.98237, and mean square error for the model are 0.007698 and 0.00122 respectively. It can be concluding that these techniques provide similar accuracy in estimating DO concentration and predicting the dissolved oxygen (DO) in Shatt Al-Arab

"The architectural output between knowledge and science ""An analytical vision study in practice to evaluate the products of architecture"""

The research deals with the concept of architectural knowledge as one of the influences in the process of architectural design, as the nature of the designer and trends in the lure of knowledge derived from the reality of society through successive historical periods have the greatest impact on his ideas, and the nature of the output achieved requires that the architecture exceeds the local boundaries to the site boundaries. It is reflected in its results, thus determining the research problem in (The insufficient knowledge perception available about the architectural product between the duality of knowledge and knowledge thereof). The goal of research to clarify the mechanisms of knowledge of architectural production as well as their character-istics and dimensions. Accordingly, the research assumes that their indicators have a positive impact on the formulation of architectural output. In order to address the research issue and achieve the objectives of the research and verify its hypothesis, a knowledge framework was first constructed, then a comprehensive theoretical framework was extracted from the architec-tural and supporting propositions to be finalized in three main indicators, namely: “Mechanisms of knowledge of architectural production, characteristics of architectural knowledge of production, and dimensions of architectural knowledge. Finally, a number of conclusions have been reached which provided that the knowledge of architecture as a product is linked to the three knowledge “Galali, Aesthetic, and Kemalism”, as well as a correlation between Cognitive characteristics of the archi-tectural product of the port and its dimensions, as it was associated with absorption of production through the cash situation dealt with by man shall his reign began on what is watching from the output characteristics of the port structure with a reflective surface to remove him deep knowledge inherent in the structure.

Design a Solar Powered Evaporative Cooling System D.C Motors with Peltier Device

The research shows employing sundog cells for cooling process by design, progress of “evaporative cooling system “. All this to offer inexpensive method, devours more virtue as well as few energies in contrast with ordinary “evaporative cooling system”. Consequently, this paper focuses “in the design and creation ” direct current (DC) evaporative cooling system” incorporated with “photovoltaic (PV) system” formed from “PV panels, solar charger, converter, batteries” and insert to innermost of refrigerator by peltier . “Evaporative cooling system” depend on stellar also work in free areas. Also, solar energy is charge effectual, renewable, no environmental pollution. So finally fantastic method.

Affordable Housing and Cost Reduction Factors for Affordable Housing

"The importance of affordable housing has emerged recently due to the suffering of most urban areas and developing countries in particular from the high rates of population growth and migration to cities, in addition to the conditions of poverty and war, which led to the loss of many families for their housing units. (The need for a comprehensive knowledge framework clarifying the concept of affordable housing, choosing the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) at the local level in light of the country’s urgent need for affordable housing.) Accordingly, the objective of the research was to: (Provide a comprehensive knowledge framework that clarifies the concept of affordable housing and choose the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) in accordance with local privacy). The research hypothesis : (The factors and means of reducing housing costs (aspects of facilitation mentioned in the research) at the two levels (housing complex and housing unit) as well as choosing the housing style (vertical or horizontal) a role in achieving the principle of affordable housing and solving a large part of the housing crisis. For the purpose of solving this problem, three phases were identified, including the construction of a theoretical framework, which included (4) vocabularies (characteristics of affordable housing, cost-raising factors, cost reduction factors, and dimensions of affordable housing). This is followed by the application of these vocabulary by electing two local samples. The extent of facilitation and comparability between them. The results showed that the vertical building pattern (residential buildings) is characterized by its lack of large areas of residential land, thus it is characterized by being less expensive than horizontal construction. This does not prevent investors from building high-quality residential towers targeting the rich."

The Effect of the Spatial Organization Characteristics in Reducing the Crime in Al-Hila City

"The present work is about an organized crime which is considered a serious phenomenon that generally comes upon the world and especially in the Iraqi area. In recent decades, Al- Hilla City has suffered from spread variety of crimes, which lead the citizens to lack the sense of security. For this reason, it is seen it is significant to study this phenomenon with a new parallel phenomenon which causes their appearance. In addition, it is thought that this topic has not been tackled yet. The problem of the study lies in the lack of holistic scientific knowledge about the role of the synthetic properties of spatial organization for the city of Al- Hilla in crime growing. The study aims at establishing a holistic knowledge of that role. To deal with the problem of the research, an inductive approach (descriptive- analytical) has been adopted. The data is got from the responsible security institutions and is analyzed through invest the calculation method (space syntax). The results of the research showed that there are four areas ((4 zones) where crime is concentrated in the city and the growth of crime is related to the change of the synthetic characteristics of spatial organization (Connectivity, control, and Integration) of urban space. On the other hand, the diversity of crime in urban areas is related to other parallel phenomena and not to the structural characteristics of urban space."

Evaluation of Some Visual Pollution Indicators in the Physical Environment of Al-Hilla City

"The physical environment of Al-Hilla city is subject to successive developments due to changes in various economic, technological and humanitarian aspects. These changes are accompanied by the physical appearance of the phenomenon of “visual pollution”, which results from the imbalance in the visual performance of the components of the physical environment of the city, causing the sense of psychological discomfort and loss of belonging to the surrounding environment and its aesthetic is almost nonexistent. The objective of this research is to evaluate the state of the visual components of the physical environment of Al-Hilla city, through an analytical field study of the visual impact indicators of the state of the physical environment of Al-Hilla city, and comparing it with the visual performance standards, to determine the defect and gap. For research purposes, the field study was conducted for the most important street in the city center, which is Imam Ali Street, on the basis of which the visual pollution ranges were determined, and therefore the recommendation of making the right decisions (whether at the level of implementation or field monitoring) is necessary in order to reduce or mitigate the phenomenon of visual pollution) to improve the visual performance of the street in particular, and the physical environment of Hilla city in general."