Biohybrid Sol-Gel Materials for Renewable Fuel and Energy Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Kaitlin E. Johnson ◽  
Marjorie L. Longo ◽  
Subhash H. Risbud
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Renewable Fuel

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BIODIESEL TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN DAN EMISI GAS BUANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Martin Djamin ◽  
Soni S.Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Promising Solution

Renewable energy sources make a distinction as a promising solution towardssustainable and environmentally friendly energy production. Developing biodiesel isvery important for Indonesia due to various reasons including the abundanceavailability of the raw materials; an alternative renewable fuel to strengthen thecountry energy security and it is a solution to improve local air quality in severalIndonesian major cities. Biodiesel offers a realistic short-term alternative tosubstitute fossil fuels, and it will also be a necessary addition to the emissionfree technology for the future. This paper is intended to provide assessment andinvestigation of the use of different composition of biodiesel and its impact to theenvironment.Key words: Energy security, renewable energy, Biodiesel.

scholarly journals IMPACTOS SOCIAIS E AMBIENTAIS DA INDÚSTRIA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR DOI:10.7444/fsrj.v4i1.101

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-230
Author(s):  
Luciana Oranges Cezarino ◽  
Lara Liboni
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

Currently, the concern about the environmental degradation and the conditions of life of our planet has increased. An alarm literally sounded relating the environmental problems and the uncertainties of the future. An energy revolution is necessary in face of the climate changes. Nature offers numerous possibilities of energy production and Brazil is in a great position in this scenario. It is the greatest producer, consumer and exporter of ethanol. Analyzing the Brazilian sugarcane industry, it is easy to recognize its historical and economic importance. More than ever, this industry has shown environmental solutions with changes in the energy matrix using ethanol as renewable fuel. It is essential to have the industry development in balance with social and environmental values. Thus, the first step to expand this sector would be to identify the social and environmental impacts of the sugarcane industry. Public policies are also acting on the sector and have a prominent role in the scenario.

Gasification of pelletized renewable fuel for clean energy production

Fuel ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 3352-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lickrastina ◽  
I. Barmina ◽  
V. Suzdalenko ◽  
M. Zake
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Renewable Fuel

scholarly journals Inorganic and Hybrid (Organic–Inorganic) Lamellar Materials for Heavy metals and Radionuclides Capture in Energy Wastes Management—A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claverie ◽  
Garcia ◽  
Prevost ◽  
Brendlé ◽  
Limousy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Amino Thiol ◽  
Lamellar Materials ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Nuclear Battery

The energy industry (nuclear, battery, mining industries, etc.) produces a large quantity of hazardous effluents that may contain radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr in particular) and heavy metals. One of the hardest tasks of environmental safety and sustainable development is the purification of wastewater holding these pollutants. Adsorption is one of the most powerful methods for extracting toxic compounds from wastewater. This study reviews the usefulness of clay minerals as adsorbent for removing these hazardous elements to clean up energy production processes. Phyllosilicates are able to extract several heavy metals from effluent, as widely examined. A particular focus is given to synthetic phyllosilicates and their abilities to entrap heavy metals with a special attention paid to those synthesized by sol-gel route. Indeed, this method is attractive since it allows the development of organic–inorganic hybrids from organosilanes presenting various functions (amino, thiol, etc.) that can interact with pollutants. Regarding these pollutants, a part of this review focuses on the interaction of lamellar materials (natural and synthetic phyllosilicates as well as layered double hydroxide) with heavy metals and another part deals with the adsorption of specific radionuclides, cesium and strontium.

TEM visualization of surface replicated acid and base catalyzed sol-gel glasses

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
George C. Ruben ◽  
Merrill W. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Glass Transition Point ◽  
Structural Space ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Organometallic Precursors ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Gel Glasses ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Traditionally ceramics have been shaped from powders and densified at temperatures close to their liquid point. New processing methods using various types of sols, gels, and organometallic precursors at low temperature which enable densificatlon at elevated temperatures well below their liquidus, hold the promise of producing ceramics and glasses of controlled and reproducible properties that are highly reliable for electronic, structural, space or medical applications. Ultrastructure processing of silicon alkoxides in acid medium and mixtures of Ludox HS-40 (120Å spheres from DuPont) and Kasil (38% K2O &62% SiO2) in basic medium have been aimed at producing materials with a range of well defined pore sizes (∼20-400Å) to study physical phenomena and materials behavior in well characterized confined geometries. We have studied Pt/C surface replicas of some of these porous sol-gels prepared at temperatures below their glass transition point.

Electron microscopy studies of PZT ferroelectric film capacitor structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365
Author(s):  
V. Kaushik ◽  
P. Maniar ◽  
J. Olowolafe ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Lead Zirconium Titanate ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Film Capacitor ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
High Dielectric

Lead zirconium titanate films (Pb (Zr,Ti) O3 or PZT) are being considered for potential application as dielectric films in memory technology due to their high dielectric constants. PZT is a ferroelectric material which shows spontaneous polarizability, reversible under applied electric fields. We report herein some results of TEM studies on thin film capacitor structures containing PZT films with platinum-titanium electrodes.The wafers had a stacked structure consisting of PZT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate as shown in Figure 1. Platinum acts as electrode material and titanium is used to overcome the problem of platinum adhesion to the oxide layer. The PZT (0/20/80) films were deposited using a sol-gel method and the structure was annealed at 650°C and 800°C for 30 min in an oxygen ambient. XTEM imaging was done at 200KV with the electron beam parallel to <110> zone axis of silicon.Figure 2 shows the PZT and Pt layers only, since the structure had a tendency to peel off at the Ti-Pt interface during TEM sample preparation.

The crystallization of thin-film ceramics

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
J.M. Schwartz ◽  
L.F. Francis ◽  
L.D. Schmidt ◽  
P.S. Schabes-Retchkiman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Ceramic Thin Films ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Ceramic Precursors ◽  
Crystalline Ceramic

Ceramic thin films and coatings are of interest for electrical, optical, magnetic and thermal barrier applications. Critical for improved properties in thin films is the development of specific microstructures during processing. To this end, the sol-gel method is advantageous as a versatile processing route. The sol-gel process involves depositing a solution containing metalorganic or colloidal ceramic precursors onto a substrate and heating the deposited layer to form a crystalline or non-crystalline ceramic coating. This route has several advantages, including the ability to create tailored microstructures and properties, to coat large or small areas, simple or complex shapes, and to more easily prepare multicomponent ceramics. Sol-gel derived coatings are amorphous in the as-deposited state and develop their crystalline structure and microstructure during heat-treatment. We are particularly interested in studying the amorphous to crystalline transformation, because many key features of the microstructure such as grain size and grain size distribution may be linked to this transformation.

Mitochondrial matrix calcium ions regulate energy production in myocardium: A cytochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacob ◽  
R. Hertsens ◽  
A. Van Bogaert ◽  
M. De Smet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Nmr Techniques

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

Phase separation in sol gel-derived ceramic films of silica-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, and titania-zirconia system

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
J. Tong ◽  
L. Eyring
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Ceramic Films ◽  
Zirconia Toughened Alumina

There is increasing interest in composites containing zirconia because of their high strength, fracture toughness, and its great influence on the chemical durability in glass. For the zirconia-silica system, monolithic glasses, fibers and coatings have been obtained. There is currently a great interest in designing zirconia-toughened alumina including exploration of the processing methods and the toughening mechanism.The possibility of forming nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method has been investigated in three systems: zirconia-alumina, zirconia-silica and zirconia-titania using HREM. The morphological observations initially suggest that the formation of nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method is possible in the zirconia-alumina and zirconia-silica systems, but impossible in the zirconia-titania system. The separation-produced grain size in silica-zirconia system is around 5 nm and is more uniform than that in the alumina-zirconia system in which the sizes of the small polyhedron grains are around 10 nm. In the titania-zirconia system, there is no obvious separation as was observed in die alumina-zirconia and silica-zirconia system.

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