Physical and Lubrication Properties of Magnesium Stearate

Industrial manufacture of palleted medicinal preparations requires the use of excipients of various purposes among which magnesium stearate is of great importance giving lubrication properties to the tabletted substance. However, magnesium stearate has an unequal lubricating effect despite the fact that quality indicators of magnesium stearate from different manufacturers comply with the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia Monograph. In this work, a comparative analysis of magnesium stearate quality indicators from Merck KGaA (Germany) and Accent Microcell Pvt. Ltd. (India) was carried out. It was found that magnesium stearate from Merck KGaA (Germany) has the best lubrication properties having the smallest particle size and predominantly dihydrated form and characterized by the highest content of stearic acid. To identify hydrated forms of magnesium stearate thermal analysis was used making it possible to determine dehydration temperatures and melting of pseudopolymorphic structures by endothermic heat effects.

Download Full-text

Real-time monitoring of lubrication properties of magnesium stearate using NIR spectrometer and thermal effusivity sensor

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.11.014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 441 (1-2) ◽

pp. 402-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Hiroshi Nakagawa ◽

Manabu Kano ◽

Shinji Hasebe ◽

Tatsuya Suzuki ◽

Naoki Wakiyama

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Thermal Effusivity ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Lubrication Properties

Download Full-text

Lubrication properties of potential alternative lubricants, glycerin fatty acid esters, to magnesium stearate

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 386 (1-2) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Takeaki Uchimoto ◽

Yasunori Iwao ◽

Yuki Ikegami ◽

Takashi Murata ◽

Takashi Sonobe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Acid Esters ◽

Lubrication Properties

Download Full-text

Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Chewable Tablets of Montelukast Sodium

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v5i3.8876 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Laxman Devkota ◽

Bhupendra Poudel ◽

Junu Silwal

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Release ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Artificial Sweetener ◽

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist ◽

Montelukast Sodium ◽

Chewable Tablets ◽

Leukotriene Receptor ◽

Vitro Release

The objective of the present study is to develop chewable tablets containing different pharmaceutical compositions with simple manufacturing procedures using different excipients. Mannitols, L-HPC 11, Aspartame, Crospovidone, Crospovidone, Aerosil, and Magnesium Stearate are used as excipients for effective formulation of anti-asthmatic drug Montelukast. Montelukast is a selective, orally acting leukotriene receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Montelukast chewable tablets were prepared by Direct Compression methods using suitable excipients. The chewable tablets were better presented using artificial sweetener Aspartame as flavouring agent. A total of forteen formulations were prepared and the granules were evaluated for pre-compression parameters. The formulated tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters .The results showed that all the physical parameters were within the acceptable limits. The in vitro release study of all the formulations showed good release. The study concludes that aforementioned excipients can be used to design chewable montelukast sodium tablets.

Download Full-text

Formulation and Evaluation of Nelfinavir Extended Release Trilayer Matrix Tablets by Design of Experiment

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.5.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 4259-4268

Author(s):

Nirmala Rangu ◽

Gande Suresh

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Drug Release ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Zero Order ◽

Matrix Tablets ◽

Drug Dissolution ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Dissolution Profile ◽

Release Formulation

The present study was aimed to develop once-daily controlled release trilayer matrix tablets of nelfinavir to achieve zero-order drug release for sustained plasma concentration. Nelfinavir trilayer matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression method and consisted of middle active layer with different grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), PVP (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidine) K-30 and MCC (Micro Crystalline Cellulose). Barrier layers were prepared with Polyox WSR-303, Xanthan gum, microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate. Based on the evaluation parameters, drug dissolution profile and release drug kinetics DF8 were found to be optimized formulation. The developed drug delivery system provided prolonged drug release rates over a period of 24 h. The release profile of the optimized formulation (DF8) was described by the zero-order and best fitted to Higuchi model. FT-IR studies confirmed that there were no chemical interactions between drug and excipients used in the formulation. These results indicate that the approach used could lead to a successful development of a controlled release formulation of nelfinavir in the management of AIDS.

Download Full-text

Crystal Transition and Drug-excipient Compatibility of Clarithromycin in Sustained Release Tablets

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412915666190328234326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 950-959

Author(s):

Yu Li ◽

Xiangwen Kong ◽

Fan Hu

Keyword(s):

Sustained Release ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Influential Factor ◽

High Concentration ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Sustained Release Tablets ◽

Crystal Transition ◽

Excipient Compatibility

Background: Clarithromycin is widely used for infections of helicobacter pylori. Clarithromycin belongs to polymorphic drug. Crystalline state changes of clarithromycin in sustained release tablets were found. Objective: The aim of this study was to find the influential factor of the crystal transition of clarithromycin in preparation process of sustained-release tablets and to investigate the possible interactions between the clarithromycin and pharmaceutical excipients. Methods and Results: The crystal transition of active pharmaceuticals ingredients from form II to form I in portion in clarithromycin sustained release tablets were confirmed by x-ray powder diffraction. The techniques including differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction were used for assessing the compatibility between clarithromycin and several excipients as magnesium stearate, lactose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone K-30 and microcrystalline cellulose. All of these methods showed compatibilities between clarithromycin and the selected excipients. Alcohol prescription simulation was also done, which showed incompatibility between clarithromycin and concentration alcohol. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the reason for the incompatibility of clarithromycin with high concentration of alcohol was crystal transition.

Download Full-text

Effect of Different Lubricating Environment on the Tribological Performance of CNT Filled Glass Reinforced Polymer Composite

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2965

Author(s):

Sandeep Agrawal ◽

Nishant K. Singh ◽

Rajeev Kumar Upadhyay ◽

Gurminder Singh ◽

Yashvir Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tribological Performance ◽

Hardened Steel ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Gfrp Composites ◽

Tribological Behaviour ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Steel Surfaces ◽

Lubrication Properties ◽

Scanning Electron

In recent years, the engineering implications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have progressed enormously due to their versatile characteristics. In particular, the role of CNTs in improving the tribological performances of various engineering materials is well documented in the literature. In this work, an investigation has been conducted to study the tribological behaviour of CNTs filled with glass-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites in dry sliding, oil-lubricated, and gaseous (argon) environments in comparison to unfilled GFRP composites. The tribological study has been conducted on hardened steel surfaces at different loading conditions. Further, the worn surfaces have been examined for a particular rate of wear. Field-emission scanning electron (FESEM) microscopy was used to observe wear behaviours. The results of this study explicitly demonstrate that adding CNTs to GFRP composites increases wear resistance while lowering friction coefficient in all sliding environments. This has also been due to the beneficial strengthening and self-lubrication properties caused by CNTs on GFRP composites, according to FESEM research.

Download Full-text

In-Depth Comparison of Dry Particle Coating Processes Used in DPI Particle Engineering

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13040580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 580

Author(s):

Nicholas Bungert ◽

Mirjam Kobler ◽

Regina Scherließ

Keyword(s):

Drug Carrier ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

High Shear ◽

Particle Engineering ◽

Dry Powder Inhalation ◽

Particle Coating ◽

Lower Drug ◽

Dry Particle Coating ◽

Coarse Model ◽

Carrier Systems

High-shear mixer coatings as well as mechanofusion processes are used in the particle-engineering of dry powder inhalation carrier systems. The aim of coating the carrier particle is usually to decrease carrier–drug adhesion. This study comprises the in-depth comparison of two established dry particle coating options. Both processes were conducted with and without a model additive (magnesium stearate). In doing so, changes in the behaviour of the processed particles can be traced back to either the process or the additive. It can be stated that the coarse model carrier showed no significant changes when processed without additives. By coating the particles with magnesium stearate, the surface energy decreased significantly. This leads to a significant enhancement of the aerodynamic performance of the respective carrier-based blends. Comparing the engineered carriers with each other, the high-shear mixer coating shows significant benefits, namely, lower drug–carrier adhesion and the higher efficiency of the coating process.

Download Full-text

Cartilage Substitutes: Graphene Oxide‐Doped Gellan Gum–PEGDA Bilayered Hydrogel Mimicking the Mechanical and Lubrication Properties of Articular Cartilage (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2021)

Advanced Healthcare Materials ◽

10.1002/adhm.202170029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2170029

Author(s):

Diego Trucco ◽

Lorenzo Vannozzi ◽

Eti Teblum ◽

Madina Telkhozhayeva ◽

Gilbert Daniel Nessim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Articular Cartilage ◽

Gellan Gum ◽

Lubrication Properties

Download Full-text

The Influence of Temperature and Viscosity of Polyethylene Glycol on the Rate of Microwave-Induced In Situ Amorphization of Celecoxib

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Nele-Johanna Hempel ◽

Tra Dao ◽

Matthias M. Knopp ◽

Ragna Berthelsen ◽

Korbinian Löbmann

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Microwave Radiation ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Einstein Equations ◽

Dissolution Process ◽

Target Temperature ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Model Drug

Microwaved-induced in situ amorphization of a drug in a polymer has been suggested to follow a dissolution process, with the drug dissolving into the mobile polymer at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer. Thus, based on the Noyes–Whitney and the Stoke–Einstein equations, the temperature and the viscosity are expected to directly impact the rate and degree of drug amorphization. By investigating two different viscosity grades of polyethylene glycol (PEG), i.e., PEG 3000 and PEG 4000, and controlling the temperature of the microwave oven, it was possible to study the influence of both, temperature and viscosity, on the in situ amorphization of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) during exposure to microwave radiation. In this study, compacts containing 30 wt% CCX, 69 wt% PEG 3000 or PEG 4000 and 1 wt% lubricant (magnesium stearate) were exposed to microwave radiation at (i) a target temperature, or (ii) a target viscosity. It was found that at the target temperature, compacts containing PEG 3000 displayed a faster rate of amorphization as compared to compacts containing PEG 4000, due to the lower viscosity of PEG 3000 compared to PEG 4000. Furthermore, at the target viscosity, which was achieved by setting different temperatures for compacts containing PEG 3000 and PEG 4000, respectively, the compacts containing PEG 3000 displayed a slower rate of amorphization, due to a lower target temperature, than compacts containing PEG 4000. In conclusion, with lower viscosity of the polymer, at temperatures above its Tg, and with higher temperatures, both increasing the diffusion coefficient of the drug into the polymer, the rate of amorphization was increased allowing a faster in situ amorphization during exposure to microwave radiation. Hereby, the theory that the microwave-induced in situ amorphization process can be described as a dissolution process of the drug into the polymer, at temperatures above the Tg, is further strengthened.

Download Full-text