Digit ratio (2D:4D) and Cattell's personality traits

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Lindová ◽  
Martina Hrušková ◽  
Věra Pivoňková ◽  
Aleš Kuběna ◽  
Jaroslav Flegr
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
16Pf Questionnaire

The ratio between second and fourth finger (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic; it is lower in men than in women. Studies using broad personality domains yielded correlations of 2D:4D with neuroticism, extraversion or agreeableness, but the obtained results have been inconsistent. We correlated 2D:4D of 184 women and 101 men with their scores in Cattell's 16 Personality Factor (16PF) Questionnaire. We found women with a higher (more ‘feminine’) right hand 2D:4D to score lower in emotional stability and social boldness and higher in privateness. Mediator analysis showed emotional stability to be probably primarily correlated with 2D:4D and to act as a mediator between 2D:4D and social boldness. Privateness appears to be mediated by an even more complex path. We discuss the usefulness of primary‐level personality questionnaires and mediator analyses in the investigation of psycho‐morphological associations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Personality Correlates of a Test of Honesty

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1015-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Logan ◽  
Robert C. Koettel ◽  
Robert W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
Sixteen Personality Factor ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of this study is to assess the construct validity of a preemployment test of honesty, the Phase II Profile, in relation to the personality traits measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Of the four predetermined criteria, only the relationship to emotional stability was significant. Two of the 12 relationships expected to be nonsignificant were significant. The correlations obtained in this study and in two others were so low that the construct validity for the tests of honesty in relation to the chosen personality traits could not be confirmed.

scholarly journals Do Students With Different Majors Have Different Personality Traits? Evidence From Two Chinese Agricultural Universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xicheng Wen ◽  
Yuhui Zhao ◽  
Yucheng T. Yang ◽  
Shiwei Wang ◽  
Xinyu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Freshman Year ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Choice Of Major ◽  
Sixteen Personality Factor ◽  
16Pf Questionnaire

This paper explores whether a Student’s choice of major leads to certain personality traits and the reasons for this phenomenon. Specifically, we look at evidence from two Chinese universities, both of which specialize in agricultural studies. Using the Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire, we collected data from two groups of students: those who study agriculture-related majors (ARM), and those who study non-agriculture-related majors (NARM). The surveys all showed no significant change in personality traits during Students’ freshman year. However, after 3 years of university study, significant personality trait changes were noted between seniors in the ARM and NARM groups. Whereas ARM seniors tended to be socially shy and lower in communicative competence, NARM seniors were better at expressing themselves and communicating with others. Although a Student’s choice of profession has an influence on their personality traits, it is not the only factor. The differences between ARM and NARM training models and curricula are also undoubtedly significant. Moreover, the bias against ARM in Chinese society further magnifies the differences in personality traits among students with different majors.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

scholarly journals 2D:4D and Self-Employment: A Preregistered Replication Study in a Large General Population Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 104225872098547
Author(s):  
Frank M. Fossen ◽  
Levent Neyse ◽  
Magnus Johannesson ◽  
Anna Dreber
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
German Socioeconomic Panel

The 2D: 4D digit ratio, the ratio of the length of the second finger to the length of the fourth finger, is often considered a proxy for testosterone exposure in utero. A recent study reported, among other things, an association between the left-hand 2D:4D and self-employment in a sample of 974 adults. In this preregistered study, we replicate the 2D:4D results on a sample of more than 2100 adults from the German Socioeconomic Panel-Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS). We find no statistically significant associations between 2D:4D and self-employment.

The Relationship Between Virtues and Personality Traits of Chinese College Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Kuan Mu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Relationship

Many researchers agree that virtue is an important psychological concept in contemporary psychology. The main purpose in this study was to investigate the relationship between virtues and the personality traits of college students in mainland China. Participants (N = 426) completed the Chinese Virtue Adjectives Rating Scale (CVARS; Mu, 2007) and the Chinese 16PF (Zhu & Dai, 1988). The results indicated that the 16 personality factors most closely related to the virtue factors were emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, apprehension, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension. Second-order factors of the 16PF most strongly related to the virtue factors were anxiety, extraversion, tough-mindedness, and independence.

Exploring Valued Personality Traits in Practicing Veterinarians

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210051
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Kunze ◽  
Christopher Seals
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Medicine Community

We examined differences in valued Big Five personality traits of small animal veterinarians between members and nonmembers of the veterinary medicine community. Between fall 2019 and spring 2020, data were collected from an online survey sent to eligible persons across a US midwestern state. Eligible persons included veterinary office clients (i.e., pet owners) and persons practicing/training in veterinary medicine. Participants completed demographic questions and 10 Likert scale items about which Big Five personality characteristics they prefer in a veterinarian. Descriptive data were determined and checked for assumptions of linearity and normality. Data for the primary analyses were analyzed using Spearman’s correlations and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. Participants who were members of the veterinary community of practice valued the characteristic openness more than clients but valued emotional stability less than clients. Moreover, tests revealed that young adults (aged 18–24) valued extraversion more than all other age groups but least valued agreeableness. Last, participants aged 55 and older valued agreeableness and emotional stability more than the 18–44 age groups. Findings indicate individuals from different membership and age groups have varying preferences in what personality traits they expect in a veterinarian. Clients care more about their veterinarian being able to handle adversity. Older adults want their veterinarian to be trusting and creative. These findings encourage veterinary medical education to spotlight the development of skills congruent with these desired personality traits. Gaining such skills will be useful for veterinarians who seek to grow or build lasting relationships with clientele and colleagues.

Do employee responses to organizational support depend on their personality? The joint moderating role of conscientiousness and emotional stability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Sears ◽  
Yu Han
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

PurposeThis study explored whether two Big Five traits – conscientiousness and emotional stability – jointly moderate the positive effects of perceived organizational support (POS) on employee commitment and job performance. Drawing on organizational support theory and a self-regulation perspective, we proposed that employees high on both traits will more effectively leverage POS to enhance both their commitment and their performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 141 employees in a multinational transportation security firm. Employees completed measures assessing their POS, personality and affective commitment. Supervisors provided ratings of employees' job performance.FindingsResults indicated that POS exerts a stronger influence on both employee commitment and performance when workers are high on conscientiousness and emotional stability. Moreover, POS was only found to be significantly associated with job performance when employees were high on both traits.Research limitations/implicationsThese results suggest that personality traits play an integral role in influencing workers' perceptions of, and responses to, POS. Specifically, employees who demonstrate a stronger task focus and self-regulation capabilities appear to respond more favorably to POS.Practical implicationsThese findings reinforce the value of implementing HR practices that convey support for employees but also highlight the importance of attracting and retaining employees who are conscientious and emotional stable in order to fully realize the benefits of these practices.Originality/valueRecent evidence indicates that the relationship between POS and employee performance is tenuous. Our results are consistent with a contingency perspective on POS and signal that this may be partly owing to the `influence of individual differences, such as personality traits, in moderating the effects of POS.

scholarly journals Does Personality Predict Students' Academic Anxiety when Counseling Practice?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusnarto Kurniawan ◽  
Zakki Nurul Amin ◽  
Eko Nusantoro ◽  
Mulawarman ◽  
Suharso
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Counselors In Training ◽  
Academic Anxiety ◽  
Counseling Practice ◽  
Academic Test

Many factors are related to students' academic anxiety when learning in class. This research is based on the phenomenon of some students who have difficulty and anxiety in counseling practice classes. The focus of this study is to predict students' academic anxiety based on their personality traits. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and Academic Test Anxiety (ATA) was administered to 103 counselors-in-training and analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed that only Extraversion (β = -0.21, p <0.05) and Emotional Stability (β = -0.33, p <0.01) were negative and significant predictors of student academic anxiety when counseling practice. This findings have implications to understanding personalities that are important for supporting professional development counselors.

scholarly journals Big Five Personality Stability, Change, and Codevelopment across Adolescence and Early Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Borghuis ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Daniel Leonard Oberski ◽  
Klaas Sijtsma ◽  
Wim H. J. Meeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Stability Change ◽  
Time Lagged

Using data from two large and overlapping cohorts of Dutch adolescents, containing up to seven waves of longitudinal data each (N = 2,230), the present study examined Big Five personality trait stability, change, and codevelopment in friendship and sibling dyads from age 12 to 22. Four findings stand out. First, the one-year rank-order stability of personality traits was already substantial at age 12, increased strongly from early through middle adolescence, and remained rather stable during late adolescence and early adulthood. Second, we found linear mean-level increases in girls’ conscientiousness, in both genders’ agreeableness, and in boys’ openness. We also found temporal dips (i.e., U-shaped mean-level change) in boys’ conscientiousness and in girls’ emotional stability and extraversion. We did not find a mean-level change in boys’ emotional stability and extraversion, and we found an increase followed by a decrease in girls’ openness. Third, adolescents showed substantial individual differences in the degree and direction of personality trait changes, especially with respect to conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability. Fourth, we found no evidence for personality trait convergence, for correlated change, or for time-lagged partner effects in dyadic friendship and sibling relationships. This lack of evidence for dyadic codevelopment suggests that adolescent friends and siblings tend to change independently from each other and that their shared experiences do not have uniform influences on their personality traits.

scholarly journals Personality traits and academic performance: Correcting self-assessed traits with vignettes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248629
Author(s):  
Johan Coenen ◽  
Bart H. H. Golsteyn ◽  
Tom Stolp ◽  
Dirk Tempelaar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Point Estimates

In this study, we investigate whether Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Risk Preference relate to student performance in higher education. We employ anchoring vignettes to correct for heterogeneous scale use in these non-cognitive skills. Our data are gathered among first-year students at a Dutch university. The results show that Conscientiousness is positively related to student performance, but the estimates are strongly biased upward if we use the uncorrected variables. We do not find significant relationships for Emotional Stability but find that the point estimates are larger when using the uncorrected variables. Measured Risk Preference is negatively related to student performance, yet this is fully explained by heterogeneous scale use. These results indicate the importance of using more objective measurements of personality traits.

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