A Closer Look at First Sight: Social Relations Lens Model Analysis of Personality and Interpersonal Attraction at Zero Acquaintance

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Round ◽  
First Time ◽  
Zero Acquaintance ◽  
Target Effects

Based on a new theoretical framework—the Social Relations Lens Model—this study examined the influence of personality on real–life attraction at zero acquaintance. A group of psychology freshmen ( N = 73) was investigated upon encountering one another for the first time. Personality traits, attraction ratings and metaperceptions were assessed using a large round–robin design (2628 dyads). In line with our model, personality differentially predicted who was a liker and who expected to be liked (perceiver effects), who was popular and who was seen as a liker (target effects), as well as who liked whom and who expected to be liked by whom (relationship effects). Moreover, the influence of personality on attraction was mediated by observable physical, nonverbal and audible cues. Results allowed a closer look at first sight and underline the importance of combining componential and process approaches in understanding the interplay of personality and social phenomena. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals From First Sight to Friendship: A Longitudinal Social Relations Analysis of Stability and Change in Interpersonal Attraction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Back ◽  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Real Life ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Life Context ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Analysis Of Stability

The present study investigated interpersonal attraction from zero to long-term acquaintance in a real-life context. A social relations approach that distinguishes between perceiver effects (e.g., being a liker), target effects (e.g., being liked), and relationship effects (e.g., unique liking) of interpersonal attraction was applied. Fifty-four psychology freshmen judged each other when they encountered one another for the first time, and again after their first year of study, using large round-robin designs (1,431 dyads). Three main groups of findings were revealed. First, variability increased on all three levels of analysis, demonstrating a higher differentiation at long-term acquaintance. Second, social relations effects at zero acquaintance predicted the respective effects at long-term acquaintance, indicating rank-order stability. Third, reciprocity, assumed reciprocity, and meta-accuracy increased substantially, reflecting higher closeness and intimacy at long-term acquaintance. Results are in line with a dynamic social relations approach to stability and change in interpersonal attraction.

The Development of Labor under Contemporary Capitalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Rina Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
First Time

This paper offers a revised theoretical model to understand the historical development of labor under capitalism. Drawing on Antonio Gramsci, Karl Polanyi, and Nancy Fraser, the revised model highlights how state politics and ideologies have reshaped formal and informal labor to fuel evolving accumulation models since the 1950s. It also deepens our analysis of the potential and limits of labor's contemporary countermovements. Potential advances must be read in terms of increased protection and increased recognition relative to earlier eras. Limits must be read relative to the hegemonic forces splintering workers’ countermovements. Applying the revised model to the empirical case of Indian informal workers in various sectors, I illustrate how the Indian state used informal workers as a political actor (not just an economic actor) to organize consent for a powerful new hegemonic project of market reforms (of the Gramscian variety) that undid labor's twentieth-century gains and empowered large businesses, but retained democratic legitimacy with the mass labor force. I also expose and evaluate two kinds of countermovements emerging from below by Indian workers: self-protection movements (of the Polanyian variety) and emancipatory/recognition movements (of the Fraserian variety). India's recent hegemonic project enabled informal workers to counteract the dehumanizing effects of labor commodification by offering an alternative labor protection model. This model has the potential to redefine the working class (and its protection) to include multiple employment relationships for the first time. It also promises to recognize the social relations between multiple categories of vulnerable populations, reminding us that caste, gender, and class are mutually constitutive (rather than mutually exclusive). But this model is highly constrained by contemporary hegemonic forces, highlighting the complex relationship of society to state—one of contestation and, for the sake of survival, collaboration.

scholarly journals Emulation and Competition as the Forms of Interaction of the Subjects of Professional Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
L. Yemel’yanova ◽  
S. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Socialist Competition ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socialist Emulation

The Object of the Study. Competition and CompetitionThe Subject of the Study. Competition and competition as a form of interaction between subjects of professional activityThe Purpose of the Study. Competition and competition as a form of interaction between subjects of professional activityThe main Provisions of the Article.The authors reveal the features of manifestation of socialist emulation and competition in connection with the social structure of the state and the system of social relations existing in it and generating them. The distinctive characteristics of socialist emulation and competition as two social phenomena and forms of interaction between subjects of professional activity have been studied. The great importance of socialist emulation in solving important tasks for the state is shown, in the intensification of labour, the achievement of better results in the production of material and spiritual goods, the development of socialist society as a whole, the realization of the interests of society and each of its participants. In the particular the features of socialist emulation are revealed: its essence, functions, forms, basic principles and types of stimulating its participants.Besides the work reveals the social aspects of competition, its manifestations in society and professional activity in comparison with the socialist emulation. The main approaches to the study of competition as an interdisciplinary phenomenon are presented. The author's understanding of the essence of competition of subjects of professional activity as one of the types of social competition is given. The structure of competition of collective subjects of professional activity, its positive and negative functions, the nature of the course, the main approaches to its management are presented. As the main differences between socialist competition and competition of subjects of professional activity, their differences in motivation, behavior, methods used by them and means of achieving victory are examined. Competition and competition are manageable, both by the state itself, and by the subjects themselves.The features of the manifestation of socialist competition and competition are connected with the system of social relations existing in the state, which give rise to them. Competition and competition are the most important forms of interaction and relationships between the subjects of professional activity, but having their own manifestations.

scholarly journals Marxist psychology: a research paradigm whose time has come

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elhammoumi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
Psychological Functions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stock Of Knowledge

This paper seeks to retrieve Marx's ideas about the development of psychology. It offers historical perspectives on different attempts to create a Marxist psychology that shed light on its scope and trajectory. According to Marx, concrete social and material real life play a key role in the development of human psychological functions. Later, Vygotsky, Wallon, Politzer, Leontiev, Luria, Sève among others built on Marx's ideas. These psychologists suggested that individual psychological functions are formed and shaped in concrete, cultural, social, historical circumstances, and pictured an organizing, creative force driving individual activity (instead of behavior). Marxist psychology is the study of the social individual within social relations of production. In a Marxist sense, the emphasis is placed on production, both material and social as the essence of social relations. Hence, psychology cannot be dealt with in an abstract, private and individual manner as the capitalist mode of production would want, but must be seen in terms of the social individual that is formed, structured, and shaped within the social relations of a production framework. In this context, the social production of the individual (as developed in Marx's Die Grundrisse) signifies social relations between people connected with concrete common real social conditions and material production. Production, both social and material, is the totality of social relations. In the process of production, social individuals act not only upon nature but also upon one another, they enter into a definite rich web of connections and relations to one another. Marx's writings encompassed the fields of psychology and made a substantial contribution to the stock of knowledge about human nature processes. Marx never wrote a full-length treatise on psychology, though his own work is the outstanding example of psychological conceptualizations. This paper stresses the decisive relevance of Marx's psychological conceptions for a paradigm shift whose time has come.

AN OPINION FORMATION MODEL WITH TWO STAGES

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (08) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO SHEN ◽  
YUN LIU
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Crucial Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

The opinion formation process is a general phenomenon in community and society. In recent years, several models of opinion formation have been proposed; however, most models mainly focus on describing views exchange between individuals and interaction between individuals and the environment. In this paper, we present an opinion formation model which takes into account the initial state of opinions and the contacting process with topics. The model involves two stages. The first one is the process in which individuals contact a given topic for the first time and the second one is the social interaction process between individuals. Using the proposed model, we simulate opinion formation process with several sets of parameters. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model may be successfully used for opinion formation simulations. It is also found that the initial state and contacting process have significant influence on opinion formation. Moreover, the model could be helpful for understanding some social phenomena such as quick formation of public opinion about certain topic and the crucial effect of small fluctuations on opinion distribution.

scholarly journals Identity and help in calls to Victim Support

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma Tennent
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Discursive Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competent Person ◽  
Victim Support ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The link between identity and action is a fundamental topic across the social sciences. A key site to investigate this relationship is social interaction, where identities and social relations are built and used to accomplish action. In this thesis, I used discursive psychology to analyse the relationship between identity and the action of help in recorded calls to a victim support helpline. Victim is a contentious identity, with feminists and other critical scholars pointing to the politics involved when certain people are categorised as victims and others are overlooked. The name of the organisation that was the setting for my research, ‘Victim Support,’ explicitly links a victim identity with rights to access the help the service offers. Drawing on concepts in discursive psychology and using conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis, I examined how participants oriented to the contentious questions of who victims are and how they should be helped. Drawing on contemporary interactional research which theorises the epistemic, deontic, and affective basis of human social relations, I examined how participants used self-other relations as a resource to build and interpret actions as help.  The findings provide evidence for the mutually constitutive relationship between identity and action. Counter-intuitively, most callers did not explicitly categorise themselves as victims when asking for help. My analyses show how call-takers understood callers’ identities as victims even when they did not say so directly. The act of asking for help from Victim Support constituted callers’ identities as victims; and their identities rendered their requests accountable.  Call-takers on the victim helpline act as gate-keepers, determining callers’ eligibility before providing help. I analysed how call-takers denied callers’ requests by implicitly or explicitly disavowing their identities as victims. Conversely, I showed that offers of help constituted callers as legitimate victims. Yet even once participants had accomplished joint understanding of callers as victims, they negotiated their respective epistemic and deontic rights to determine what help was needed and how it should be provided.  The negotiation of how victims should be helped was particularly salient when callers sought help on behalf of others. Participants negotiated whether the moral obligation to help victims was associated with friends and family members, or institutions. The emotional support and practical advice offered by Victim Support is delivered by volunteer support workers, reflecting a common-sense assumption that these forms of help are normatively available to any competent person. My analyses attend to the dilemmas involved when callers sought help for others rather than providing it themselves.  The findings contribute to three main areas of research: conversation analytic study of help as social action; membership categorisation analysis research on categorically organised rights and obligations; and the re-specification of psychological phenomenon as interactional objects within discursive psychology. The mutually constitutive link between identity and help is consequential, as the provision or withholding support can have material effects when callers are highly distressed or in fear for their lives. Thus, studying real-life interaction demonstrates the practical ways identity matters for seeking help.</p>

scholarly journals The Social Dynamics of People Cooperation: A Study on On-line Knowledge Construction Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
On Line ◽  
Education In China

A classic question common to social sciences revolves around how people cooperate. Indeed,under what conditions will cooperation emerge without central authority? However, as the complication ofcommunity is growing, the importance of answering this question is increasing. That’s because the spread ofmass collaboration has changed everything, such as Wikinomics. Questions posted about how networks connectindividuals through structure and process, what rules and resources situate them in larger social systems, andaffect the interaction to and from them. This paper concerns that why people are willing to cooperate withoutthe aid of a central authority and how behavior and norms are affected by social relations. But the answer forpeople developing cooperation has a fundamental effect on social, political, and economic relations with others.Because of the social phenomena is composed of action, interaction, and relationship through network structure,analysts should not discrete individual behavior and ongoing network structure. As central objectives ofnetwork analysis are to measure and represent structural and to explain both why they occur and what are theirconsequences. The approach of this study is to propose network analysis to explain how participator actions forthe cloud aid education in China. The aim of this study is to utilize network diagram to analyze networkstructure of the cloud aid education. Based on longitudinal study, we offer a structural means to understand howknowledge creation and sharing occurs within networks, and then find the key determinants of efficientknowledge management. Mapping these dimensions in social networks enable social and technicalinterventions managers can employ to improve a network’s ability to create and share knowledge. The result isillustrated by investigating conditions of cooperation and identifying social

Cercetarea monografică a portului popular românesc în cadrul Școlii Sociologice de la București. Momentul Lucia Apolzan

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Ion Cherciu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Constant Observation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

In the interwar Romanian culture, the Sociological School of Bucharest led by D. Gusti had a unique approach of the folk culture which was seen as a living organism in constant movement and evolution. Folk creations - musical and literary, peasant costume and artefacts etc. are no longer treated as "museum or archive objects ", but as living and interdependent parts composing a giant gear – the social corpus. Therefore, not only songs, but also singing, not only stories, but the storytelling etc. will be studied, precisely – and especially – the "social functions" of those creations. For the peasant costume, not the pieces themselves will be studied, as before, but their "making" and "wearing". From this perspective which considerably broadens the research horizon, the work of Lucia Apolzan is not just an exemplary thematic monograph on folk costume and domestic industry in Țara Moților, but also a fundamental book, unique in Romanian ethnography and culture. The secret of this success lies in the "monographic approach" of the topic and in the author's attachment to the investigated area, meaning that thorough ethnographic research greatly benefits from contribution of other disciplines, such as history, geography, political economy, oral tradition etc., and from the constant observation of the "social relations" involved in making and using of the peasant costume. Capturing, for the first time, the specific, intimate dialectical relations that underlie the existence and the "evolution" of the folk costume, and "encoding" them in "basic rules", general and always valid for the investigated field require, as the author believes, a "reconsideration" and "upgrading" of this work, victim itself of times of sad memory for the Romanian culture; this is particularly so since, after "the moment Lucia Apolzan", the descriptivism and aestheticism, back in force, as working methods and means of expression in the scientific discourse, have continuously dominated most works about the folk costume in our country.

scholarly journals TINGKAT AFEKSI SISWA DALAM MENGIKUTI PEMBELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI DENGAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Lamadirisi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Life ◽  
School Students ◽  
Strategy Research ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Impression ◽  
Contextual Teaching

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat afeksi siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan strategi Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap  siswa kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri I Touluaan yang mendapatkan pelajaran Sosiologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan kesan siswa yang umumnya positif terhadap pembelajaran Sosiologi dengan menggunakan pendekatan CTL. Dampak positif di sini berarti bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran ini menarik dan tidak membosankan. Umumnya, siswa berpendapat bahwa pembelajaran sosiologi dengan pendekatan CTL memberikan arti signifikan karena apa yang dipelajari adalah tentang fenomena sosial yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Umumnya, siswa merasa senang, bahkan sangat menikmati model pembelajaran CTL. CTL membuat siswa menjadi aktif di kelas dan dapat memberikan pendapat sesuai dengan pengalaman mereka dalam kehidupan nyata di masyarakat.The purpose of this study is to analyze the affection and enthusiasm of the students in Sociology learning using Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) strategy. Research is conducted on senior high school students from social studies class XII, SMAN I Touluaan, who has Sociology subject in its curriculum. Data collection was done by using observation, interview and documentation. This study found that students are generally give positive impression of sociology learning by using CTL approach. The positive impact here means that the learning approach is interesting and the participation is high. Generally, the students argued that the teaching of sociology with the CTL approach gives a significant meaning because it studies about the social phenomena that occur in everyday life. Generally, students feel happy, even enjoyed using CTL learning model. CTL enables students to be active in class and can give an opinion in accordance with their experience in real life in the community

scholarly journals ILMU-ILMU USHULUDIN MENJAWAB PROBLEMATIKA UMAT ISLAM DEWASA INI

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Wajdi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social

<p>Abstract: The interpretation of ushuluddin is how the human relationship with God and man to man to avoidinequality, the human beings should be able to put himself as aservant of God ('abd) are always subjecting themselve stoper form the ritualworship. However, as a zon human politicon the human being should also capable in understanding social phenomena that occurinthe community, andprovide the solutions to the problems that occurin the community in the real life, as well ashow to create the social conditions to be prosperous society that is blessed by the Almighty.</p>

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