Cercetarea monografică a portului popular românesc în cadrul Școlii Sociologice de la București. Momentul Lucia Apolzan

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Ion Cherciu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Constant Observation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

In the interwar Romanian culture, the Sociological School of Bucharest led by D. Gusti had a unique approach of the folk culture which was seen as a living organism in constant movement and evolution. Folk creations - musical and literary, peasant costume and artefacts etc. are no longer treated as "museum or archive objects ", but as living and interdependent parts composing a giant gear – the social corpus. Therefore, not only songs, but also singing, not only stories, but the storytelling etc. will be studied, precisely – and especially – the "social functions" of those creations. For the peasant costume, not the pieces themselves will be studied, as before, but their "making" and "wearing". From this perspective which considerably broadens the research horizon, the work of Lucia Apolzan is not just an exemplary thematic monograph on folk costume and domestic industry in Țara Moților, but also a fundamental book, unique in Romanian ethnography and culture. The secret of this success lies in the "monographic approach" of the topic and in the author's attachment to the investigated area, meaning that thorough ethnographic research greatly benefits from contribution of other disciplines, such as history, geography, political economy, oral tradition etc., and from the constant observation of the "social relations" involved in making and using of the peasant costume. Capturing, for the first time, the specific, intimate dialectical relations that underlie the existence and the "evolution" of the folk costume, and "encoding" them in "basic rules", general and always valid for the investigated field require, as the author believes, a "reconsideration" and "upgrading" of this work, victim itself of times of sad memory for the Romanian culture; this is particularly so since, after "the moment Lucia Apolzan", the descriptivism and aestheticism, back in force, as working methods and means of expression in the scientific discourse, have continuously dominated most works about the folk costume in our country.

Pro linhvistychni pokaznyky vzayemodiyi mova – kulʹtura na prykladi analizu polʹsʹko- ukrayinsʹkoho pohranychchya XV-XIXst.

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Halyna Маtsyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Language

The article is devoted to the formation of a linguistic interpretation of the interaction of language and culture of the Polish-Ukrainian border territories. The material for the analysis includes nomic systems of Ukrainian and Polish languages, which are considered as a cultural product of interpersonal and interethnic communication and an element of the language system, as well as invariant scientific theory created in the works of Polish onomastics (according to key theoretical concepts, tradition of analysis, and continuity in linguistic knowledge). The analysis performed in the article allows us to single out the linguistic indicators of the interaction of language and culture typical for the subject field of sociolinguistics. These are connections and concepts: language-territory, language-social strata, language-gender, language-ethnicity, social functions of the Polish language, and non-standardized spelling systems. Linguistic indicators reveal the peculiar mechanisms of the border in the historical memory and collective consciousness, marking the role of languages in these areas as a factor of space and cultural marker and bringing us closer to understanding the social relations of native speakers in the fifteenth-nineteenth centuries.

The Development of Labor under Contemporary Capitalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Rina Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
First Time

This paper offers a revised theoretical model to understand the historical development of labor under capitalism. Drawing on Antonio Gramsci, Karl Polanyi, and Nancy Fraser, the revised model highlights how state politics and ideologies have reshaped formal and informal labor to fuel evolving accumulation models since the 1950s. It also deepens our analysis of the potential and limits of labor's contemporary countermovements. Potential advances must be read in terms of increased protection and increased recognition relative to earlier eras. Limits must be read relative to the hegemonic forces splintering workers’ countermovements. Applying the revised model to the empirical case of Indian informal workers in various sectors, I illustrate how the Indian state used informal workers as a political actor (not just an economic actor) to organize consent for a powerful new hegemonic project of market reforms (of the Gramscian variety) that undid labor's twentieth-century gains and empowered large businesses, but retained democratic legitimacy with the mass labor force. I also expose and evaluate two kinds of countermovements emerging from below by Indian workers: self-protection movements (of the Polanyian variety) and emancipatory/recognition movements (of the Fraserian variety). India's recent hegemonic project enabled informal workers to counteract the dehumanizing effects of labor commodification by offering an alternative labor protection model. This model has the potential to redefine the working class (and its protection) to include multiple employment relationships for the first time. It also promises to recognize the social relations between multiple categories of vulnerable populations, reminding us that caste, gender, and class are mutually constitutive (rather than mutually exclusive). But this model is highly constrained by contemporary hegemonic forces, highlighting the complex relationship of society to state—one of contestation and, for the sake of survival, collaboration.

From speech as “situated” to speech as “situating”: insights from John Gumperz on the practical conduct of talk as social action

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Practical Conduct ◽  
Further Development

AbstractThe article begins by reviewing the early research interests of John Gumperz and their further development across the course of his career. His doctoral research documented spoken language in an immigrant community. He then focused on bilingual speech communities and “code switching.” Later he became concerned with various aspects of style shifting within a language. Whether he was considering language switching, or dialect switching, or shifts in register, Gumperz showed that speakers were creative in their language use — active agents rather than passive rule followers — alternating among disparate styles to communicate metaphoric and usually implicit social meaning. Through changes in speech style, interlocutors could be seen to be reframing their social relations, modifying the social situation they were in. ( NB This lability in situational framing is a major point of emphasis in Gumperz's notions of “contextualization” and “conversational inference.”) The article continues by presenting and discussing two of Gumperz's “telling cases” of contextualizing frame shifts by speakers. In concluding, a few examples from the author's own research are presented, with emphasis on the use of contextualization in establishing local alignments of solidarity-in-the-moment among interlocutors — indexical shifts to a footing for interaction that the author has termed “situational co-membership.”

scholarly journals Struktur dan Fungsi Sosial Nyanyian Rakyat (Lullaby) Laloklah Nak Kanduang Masyarakat di Nagari Paninggahan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Winda Oktania Sari ◽  
Hasanuddin WS Hasanuddin WS
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Folk Song ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Cultural Assets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identification Stage ◽  
Structure Patterns

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the structure and social function of the folk song (lullaby) of Laloklah Nak Kanduang community in Nagari Paninggahan, Junjung Sirih District, Solok Regency. This type of research is qualitative with descriptive methods. Data obtained from informants through recording, recording, observation, and direct interviews with informants. Then the data that has been collected is analyzed in the following stages: (1) the data identification stage, (2) the data analysis stage, (3) the discussion stage and the conclusion of the data classification results, (4) the reporting stage. Laloklah Nak Kanduang's song has a structure like that found in poetry, namely physical structure (lines, stanzas, and sounds) and inner structure (patterns of association, patterns of images and emotions as well as themes and messages). Then the social functions, namely three (1) creative functions, (2) enthusiasm, (3) hope and prayer. The oral tradition of humming needs to be preserved, considering that the values contained in chanting are priceless cultural assets.

scholarly journals Foucault’s Keystone: Confessions of the Flesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
History Of Sexuality ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Actor ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Biopolitical Power

The fourth and final volume of The History of Sexuality offers the keystone to Michel Foucault’s critique of Western neoliberal societies. Confessions of the Flesh provides the heretofore missing link that ties Foucault’s late writings on subjectivity to his earlier critique of power. Foucault identifies in Augustine’s treatment of marital sexual relations the moment of birth of the modern legal actor and of the legalization of social relations. With the appearance of the modern legal subject, Foucault’s critique of modern Western societies is complete: it is now possible to see how the later emergence of an all-knowing homo œconomicus strips the State of knowledge and thus deals a fatal blow to its legitimacy. The appearance of both the modern legal actor and homo œconomicus makes it possible to fold the entire four-volume History of Sexuality back into Foucault’s earlier critique of punitive and biopolitical power. And it now challenges us to interrogate how we, contemporary subjects, are shaped in such a way as to implicate ourselves—both willingly and unwittingly—in the social order within which we find ourselves and that, through the interaction of knowledge-power-subjectivity, we reproduce.

scholarly journals Bourdieu’s theory and the social constructivism of Berger and Luckmann

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-537
Author(s):  
Milos Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The paper compares Pierre Bourdieu?s sociological approach with the one developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The aim of the paper is to identify the complementarities and incongruences of these approaches. The main similarity consists in the intention to ?dialectically? overcome/bridge the gap between ?objectivism? and ?subjectivism? in social theory. Another parallel includes a negative attitude towards the relativistic tendencies of postmodernism. These authors share the thematization of: the body as a locus of social influences, the centrality of language in social life, the social functions of knowledge, and the importance of power in social relations. Differences in theorizing are attributed to the different intellectual, theoretical, and socio-cultural contexts in which these scientists operated. The divergences of these theoretical approaches become evident when one examines the different meaning and significance attached to the concepts of individuation, structure, action, habitus and habitualization, structure of relevance and relation of common-sense and scientific knowledge. Finally, there is a visible difference in political views: Bourdieu was a critic ?from the left,? while Berger and Luckmann were self-proclaimed liberal conservatives.

A Closer Look at First Sight: Social Relations Lens Model Analysis of Personality and Interpersonal Attraction at Zero Acquaintance

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Round ◽  
First Time ◽  
Zero Acquaintance ◽  
Target Effects

Based on a new theoretical framework—the Social Relations Lens Model—this study examined the influence of personality on real–life attraction at zero acquaintance. A group of psychology freshmen ( N = 73) was investigated upon encountering one another for the first time. Personality traits, attraction ratings and metaperceptions were assessed using a large round–robin design (2628 dyads). In line with our model, personality differentially predicted who was a liker and who expected to be liked (perceiver effects), who was popular and who was seen as a liker (target effects), as well as who liked whom and who expected to be liked by whom (relationship effects). Moreover, the influence of personality on attraction was mediated by observable physical, nonverbal and audible cues. Results allowed a closer look at first sight and underline the importance of combining componential and process approaches in understanding the interplay of personality and social phenomena. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals On the Social-Relational Moral Standing of AI: An Empirical Study Using AI-Generated Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lima ◽  
Assem Zhunis ◽  
Lev Manovich ◽  
Meeyoung Cha
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Industry ◽  
Generative System ◽  
Shed Light

The moral standing of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) systems has become a widely debated topic by normative research. This discussion, however, has primarily focused on those systems developed for social functions, e.g., social robots. Given the increasing interdependence of society with nonsocial machines, examining how existing normative claims could be extended to specific disrupted sectors, such as the art industry, has become imperative. Inspired by the proposals to ground machines’ moral status on social relations advanced by Gunkel and Coeckelbergh, this research presents online experiments (∑N = 448) that test whether and how interacting with AI-generated art affects the perceived moral standing of its creator, i.e., the AI-generative system. Our results indicate that assessing an AI system’s lack of mind could influence how people subsequently evaluate AI-generated art. We also find that the overvaluation of AI-generated images could negatively affect their creator’s perceived agency. Our experiments, however, did not suggest that interacting with AI-generated art has any significant effect on the perceived moral standing of the machine. These findings reveal that social-relational approaches to AI rights could be intertwined with property-based theses of moral standing. We shed light on how empirical studies can contribute to the AI and robot rights debate by revealing the public perception of this issue.

Violence as a Mean of Attaining Group Goals*

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Janusz Reykowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Liberal Culture ◽  
Liberal Thought

For a very long period of human history, direct physical violence used to be one of the main means of obtaining power, wealth, and prestige, as well as social control, socialization of children, and regulation of social relations. Human societies were also developing various ways of controlling and curtailing direct violence, primarily in-group violence. Major changes in the social functions of violence were associated with the development of liberal thought and liberal institutions—the free market and the democratic political system. Liberal culture and liberal mentality have delegitimized all kinds of physical violence, except in defense of human rights and freedoms. Nevertheless, the tendency to use violence, as a means of attaining political, economic, or ideological goals has not disappeared. It is being fostered by ideologies that grew out of the transformation of traditional (conservative) thought into Right-Wing Authoritarianism and/or Social Dominance Orientation, but also the transformation of liberal thought into Libertarianism (egocentric individualism). These ideologies facilitate the change of competitions and disagreements between social groups into destructive conflicts.

scholarly journals Intersections between TikTok and TV: Channels and Programmes Thinking Outside the Box

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jorge Vázquez-Herrero ◽  
María-Cruz Negreira-Rey ◽  
Ana-Isabel Rodríguez-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Outside The Box

The rise of the TikTok social network has caused the media to confront the younger generation. The platform, which hosts dances, challenges, and funny short videos, has unique features that force a reinvention of social networking strategies. Television has become social and has expanded to new platforms, while young people are abandoning the consumption of traditional television. In this study, we explore—for the first time—the presence of television channels and programmes on TikTok and an analysis of the main strategies shown in the 133 found profiles. The results describe a first exploratory phase that lacks specific strategies in most cases, while examples adapted to the logic of the social network emerge: content with a fun and simple tone, with participation in challenges and trends of the moment, as well as a positioning of the brand to—gradually—approach its future potential audiences.

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