Protein Body Biogenesis in Cereal Endosperms

2007 ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kumamaru ◽  
M. Ogawa ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
T. W. Okita
Keyword(s):  
Protein Body

Protein body-inducing fusions for high-level production and purification of recombinant proteins in plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Conley ◽  
Jussi J. Joensuu ◽  
Alex Richman ◽  
Rima Menassa
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Production

Thin-section, freeze-fracture, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis studies of the protein bodies of tomato seeds

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Spitzer ◽  
John N. A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis

Protein bodies of dry seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) from radicle, hypocotyl, cotyledon, and endosperm tissue were extensively studied using thin-sectioning, freeze-fracturing and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Protein bodies varied in size, were oval to circular in section, and generally consisted of a proteinaceous matrix, globoid crystal, and protein crystalloid components. Size, shape, and arrangements of globoid crystals and protein crystalloids varied even within the same cell. Globoid crystals were generally oval to circular in section. They were always surrounded by a proteinaceous matrix. In a given protein body the number present ranged from a few to numerous. A protein body generally contained only one protein crystalloid. In section, protein crystalloids were irregular or angular in shape. They were composed of substructural particles which formed lattice planes. EDX analysis of tomato seed globoid crystals revealed the presence of P, K, and Mg in all cases, a fact that is consistent with globoid crystals being phytin-rich. Rarely, small amounts of calcium were found along with P, K, and Mg in globoid crystals of each of the tissue regions considered. The distribution pattern of cells with Ca containing globoid crystals was random. Small amounts of Fe and Mn were also found in the globoid crystals of protein bodies from certain cell types. These two elements, unlike calcium, were specific in terms of their distribution. Globoid crystals from the protodermal cells often contained Mn and Fe. The globoid crystals from provascular tissue of radicle, hypocotyl, and cotyledon regions often contained Fe while globoid crystals in the first layer of large cells surrounding these provascular areas always contained Fe. Results from EDX analysis of the proteinaceous material from the protein bodies are presented and discussed as are variations in elemental content due to different fixations.

scholarly journals CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Jaqueline de Oliveira Santana ◽  
Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini ◽  
Sérgio Viana Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) is associated with mortality and the development of cardiovascular disease, in addition to being related to work capacity. Objectives: This study aimed to verify the demographic, cardiometabolic and behavioral factors associated with CF in a representative sample of professors from a public university in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which evaluated, in addition to the CF, age, sex, glycemia, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and physical activity (PA). The association between CF and cardiometabolic risk factors was estimated by logistic regression to obtain the odds ratios and respective confidence intervals (95%). Results: After adjustment, it was observed that professors with lower levels of CF were older, female, had higher BMI and a greater chance of being physically inactive. Conclusion: In general, the results show that the probability of low CF increases with the increase in BMI, in addition to the strong association with PA practice, which is a major focus of intervention measures aimed at improving workers health and their work capacity. Level of Evidence III; Case control study.

C-reactive Protein, Body Mass Index, and Diabetic Retinopathy

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 4458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Shen Lim ◽  
E. Shyong Tai ◽  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Jie Jin Wang ◽  
Wan Ting Tay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

scholarly journals Rabbit Carcasses for Use in Feline Diets: Amino Acid Concentrations in Fresh and Frozen Carcasses With and Without Gastrointestinal Tracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy J. Owens ◽  
Andrea J. Fascetti ◽  
C. Christopher Calvert ◽  
Jennifer A. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Taurine Deficiency ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Whole-prey diets for exotic feline species are common, and this practice has also increased in popularity for domestic cats. However, prior analyses of prey indicate possible essential amino acid inadequacy, and dilated cardiomyopathy from taurine deficiency was reported in cats fed whole ground rabbit. Crude protein, body water, and amino acid concentrations were evaluated in fresh and frozen ground rabbits with (n=10) or without (n = 10) gastrointestinal tracts. Amino acids were greater in fresh samples without gastrointestinal tracts (p < 0.05) except taurine, glycine, and cysteine. When normalized for protein content, only glutamate, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, and arginine were greater in fresh rabbits without gastrointestinal tracts (g/16 g N basis; p < 0.05). Freezing at −18°C for 30 days had no effect on crude protein or body water content. After freezing, only methionine was lower and only proline was higher when gastrointestinal tracts were omitted (g/16 g N basis; p < 0.05). Regardless, all essential amino acids except taurine exceeded Association of American Feed Control Officials and National Research Council nutrient recommendations for all feline life stages. In contrast, there was minimal impact of treatment on taurine concentrations. However, although feline taurine requirements for prey and other raw or fresh food diets remain undefined, none of the rabbit samples met any recommendation for taurine concentrations for commercial canned or dry extruded diets, ranging from 20 to 90% of the minimum values. Taurine supplementation is recommended when feeding rabbit to cats. Determination of taurine requirements of cats fed whole-prey diets is warranted.

scholarly journals From wetland specialist to hand-fed generalist: shifts in diet and condition with provisioning for a recently urbanized wading bird

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1745) ◽  
pp. 20170100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen H. Murray ◽  
Anjelika D. Kidd ◽  
Shannon E. Curry ◽  
Jeffrey Hepinstall-Cymerman ◽  
Michael J. Yabsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
South Florida ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Resource Subsidies ◽  
Wading Bird ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Anthropogenic Food

Many wildlife species shift their diets to use novel resources in urban areas. The consequences of these shifts are not well known, and consumption of reliable—but low quality—anthropogenic food may present important trade-offs for wildlife health. This may be especially true for carnivorous species such as the American white ibis ( Eudocimus albus ), a nomadic wading bird which has been increasingly observed in urban parks in South Florida, USA. We tested the effects of anthropogenic provisioning on consumer nutrition (i.e. dietary protein), body condition and ectoparasite burdens along an urban gradient using stable isotope analysis, scaled mass index values and GPS transmitter data. Ibises that assimilated more provisioned food were captured at more urban sites, used more urban habitat, had lower mass–length residuals, lower ectoparasite scores, assimilated less δ 15N and had smaller dietary isotopic ellipses. Our results suggest that ibises in urban areas are heavily provisioned with anthropogenic food, which appears to offer a trade-off by providing low-quality, but easily accessible, calories that may not support high mass but may increase time available for anti-parasite behaviours such as preening. Understanding such trade-offs is important for investigating the effects of provisioning on infection risk and the conservation of wildlife in human-modified habitats. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host–parasite dynamics in wildlife’.

Globoids in Protein Bodies of Legume Seed Cotyledons

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
JNA Lott ◽  
MS Buttrose
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Legume Protein ◽  
Structure Lead ◽  
Published Research

Inclusions were found in protein bodies in cotyledons of seeds of each of five legume species (Acacia conferta, Cassia artemisioides, Clianthus formosus, Glycine max, Vicia faba). They were studied by a number of techniques: thin sectioning of fixed, embedded tissue; freeze-fracturing of unfixed tissue; chemical analysis of P, K, Mg and Ca content; and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of both sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue and freeze-dried tissue powders. The results of the studies presented in this paper, combined with a critical evaluation of the published research on legume protein body structure, lead us to believe that globoid crystals are a frequent occurrence in legume protein bodies. EDX analysis results indicate that electron-dense globoid crystals are rich in phytin and that phytin may also be present throughout the proteinaceous matrix portions of some legume protein bodies.

Cruciferous Oilseed Proteins: the Protein Bodies of Sinapis alba Seed

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
JTO Kirk ◽  
NA Pyliotis
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Intense Band ◽  
Ungerminated Seed ◽  
Protein Classes

The solubility properties of the proteins of oil-free meal of white mustard seed (S. alba) in various aqueous extraction media are described. Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate of a salt extract of the seed meal at pH 7.0 shows the presence of two positively charged protein bands: a slow moving intense band (I) and a less intense band with higher mobility (II). On the basis of Sephadex G100 chromatography and sedimentation behaviour, these bands are deemed to be identical with the two major protein classes (12 S and 1.7 S, respectively) present in this and other Brassica-related species, as described by other workers. Centrifugation after filtration of a seed meal homogenate yields a preparation that is completely soluble in salt solution, and can be shown by electron microscopy to consist entirely of protein body fragments. Only the 12 S protein can be detected in significant quantity in this preparation: this protein at least we may assume to be present in the aleurone (protein) grains observed in micrographs of the cotyledon cells. In germinating seeds, disappearance of protein bodies is accompanied by a diminution in total salt-soluble protein and in the amounts of the 12 S and 1.7 S proteins, supporting their identification as storage proteins. The rate of utilization is the same in the light and in the dark. Proteolytic activity was detected in the ungerminated seed. The level of activity was more than sufficient to account for the subsequent observed rate of protein utilization. Proteolytic activity per seed increased by only 40-70% during 4 days germination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document