A Novelty of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite from Cockle Shell and Characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusnah Mustaffa ◽  
Mohd Reusmaazran Mohd Yusof ◽  
Yusof Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Synthetic Bone ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Mineral Constituent ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Anadara Granosa ◽  
Cockle Shell

In Malaysia recently, it was found that cockle shell (Anadara granosa) is a potential source of biomaterial for bone repair. It is the most abundant sea species cultured in Malaysia. A possible advantage of using cockle shell as a biomaterial is that they may act as an antilog of calcium carbonate. Malaysian Nuclear Agency took this challenge to develop synthetic bone graft from natural cockle shell. To date, the artificial bone graft substitutes developed from hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) a bio ceramic is similar to the mineral constituent of human bone. The structure and the composition of hydroxyapatite (HA) are similar to the mineral phase of bone and, its bioactivity and biocompatibility makes it a preferred bone graft.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of the unjacketed pore modulus of porous solids

2018 ◽  
Vol 474 (2219) ◽  
pp. 20180602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Tarokh ◽  
Emmanuel Detournay ◽  
Joseph Labuz
Keyword(s):  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Porous Rock ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Mineral Constituent ◽  
Solid Bulk ◽  
Skempton Coefficient

Pressure decline caused by the extraction of oil from deep sedimentary layers depends on the pore modulus K pp , a poroelastic parameter that characterizes the effect of pressure change on pore volume under constant mean stress. Measurement of K pp is difficult, however, as it requires calibration to account for fluid compressibility and compliance of the testing system. Nevertheless, knowing the easily measurable drained pore modulus K p and adopting an assumption on the unjacketed pore modulus K s ″, it is possible to determine K pp because these pore moduli are related. Previous work on indirectly estimating K s ″ claimed that K s ″ is strongly dependent on Terzaghi effective pressure P′ and therefore not a constant; also, K s ″ might be different from K s , the solid bulk modulus of the major mineral constituent. We overcome the limitations of the indirect approach by directly measuring K s ″. The experiments reveal that K s ″ is indeed a constant and that for an ideal porous rock, the assumption of K s ′ ′ = K s holds. Furthermore, a constant K s ″ implies that K p and K pp are functions of Terzaghi effective pressure only. These results provide a framework to accurately determine the Skempton coefficient B .

Preparation and characterization of acrylic polymer titania hybrid. A study of organicinorganic interactions in hybrid materials by micro-hardness Vickers

2002 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Nhan Nguyen ◽  
François Xavier Perrin ◽  
Jean-Louis Vernet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Segmental Motion ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
Titania Content ◽  
Mineral Constituent ◽  
Free Films

AbstractMetal-oxide ceramer films have been developed using an acrylic polymer bearing a low amount of methacrylic acid units (ca. 4%mol) as the organic phase with titanium tetrabutoxide as the inorganic sol-gel precursor. The characterisation of free films was realized by various experimental methods. The formation of COOTi bonds prevents large scale phase separation between the organic component and the mineral network. Mechanical properties of the hybrid films have been investigated through dynamic mechanical analysis. The influence of the titania content on the damping peak amplitude suggests that titania is molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix and that it significantly hinders the segmental motion of the polymer chains. However, the low content in potential carboxylic crosslinking sites explains why the glass transition temperature remains relatively unchanged when titania content increases. Vickers microhardness measurements used in this study allowed us to understand the contribution of the inorganic part (phase TiO2) to the mechanical properties of the polymer. The creep of hybrids has been studied carrying out hardness measurements under various indentation times. The mineral constituent leads to an important increase of the hardness and limits, in a significant way, the creep of polymer.

Investigation on the mineral content of pasture grass and its effect on herbivora: II. Report on the effect of the addition of mineral salts to the ration of sheep

1926 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Elliot ◽  
T. B. Wood ◽  
Walter Elliot ◽  
Arthur Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Mineral Constituent

(1) Bent-leg appears to be due to a mineral deficiency and can be prevented by a mineral supplement.(2) Bent-leg appears, by the growth curves, to be correlated with a general lower nutrition.(3) The occurrence of bent-leg on pasture grass would indicate theoretically that an extreme lack of some mineral constituent has become evident in the grass itself.(4) Pasture analyses show that these grave mineral deficiencies do actually occur in large pastoral areas, and that these areas are correlated with high stock death-rates.(5) The mineral elements of the ration are therefore no less important to the pastoral farmer than to any other stock feeder.

Dietary Intake and Nutritional Characteristics in Wild American Lobsters (Homarus americanus)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Leavitt ◽  
R. C. Bayer ◽  
M. L. Gallagher ◽  
J. H. Rittenburg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Molt Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Mineral Constituent ◽  
The Relationship

Nutrient and essential amino acid analyses of the stomach contents of wild adult American lobsters (Homarus americanus) collected from offshore and inshore populations indicated lobsters consumed varying nutrient levels according to their stage of molt. For example, soft-shell lobsters ate a higher level of mineral constituent. The location of the animal had no effect on the level of nutrient intake. The essential amino acid composition of the protein in the stomach remained the same throughout the molt cycle, but indicated a change in protein source with the location of the animal. The relationship between crude protein and gross energy was constant suggesting its importance in the nutrition of the lobster. Based on this study, we recommend a basal level of nutrient constituents for ration formulation. Key words: American lobster, natural intake, dietary formulation

Low Grade of Kyanite Ore Beneficiation Experimental Research in Xingtai

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Jin Xia Zhang ◽  
Qi Hui Dai ◽  
Li Nan Tian ◽  
Xing Guo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Mineral Constituent

As high-grade refractories raw material，kyanite is widely used and the market demand is increasingly greater. To identify the process mineralogical properties of kyanite from Heibei so as to provide a mineralogical basis for its chemical composition, mineral constituent，ores texture and structure and so on. The results show that: the kyanite Al2O3 21.50%, SiO2 52.87%, using high intensity magnetic separation-gravity separation-flotation folwsheet. Experiments show that, the grinding fineness of -200 mush 65%, with strong intensity magnetic separation, magnetic concentrate by shaking the low intensity magnetic separation，we can get magnetite, garnet, biotite and phlogopite four concentrates, strong magnetic ore tailings consolidated by a rocking bed mud thrown first, refined through flotation, won Kyanite concentrate grading about 56.11% at a recovery of 49.90%.

Study on Process Mineralogy and Concentrating of a Certain Kyanite Ore in Xingtai

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 586-589
Author(s):  
Jin Xia Zhang ◽  
Miao Chen ◽  
Shao Bo Wei ◽  
Xing Guo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Gravity Separation ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Strong Intensity ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Mineral Constituent ◽  
Process Mineralogy

To identify the process mineralogical properties of kyanite from Heibei so as to provide a mineralogical basis for its chemical composition, mineral constituent，ores texture and structure and so on . The results show that: the kyanite Al2O3 21.50%, SiO2 52.87%, using high intensity magnetic separation —gravity separation— flotation folwsheet. Experiments show that, the grinding fineness of -0.074mm 65%, with strong intensity magnetic separation, magnetic concentrate by shaking the low intensity magnetic separation，we can get magnetite, garnet, biotite and phlogopite four concentrates, strong magnetic ore tailings consolidated by a rocking bed mud thrown first, refined through a coarse fine two shake, shake in after a rough featured a parted, won the 60.38% grade of Kyanite concentrate and 85% grade quartz ore.

The Modulus Formalism Used in the Dielectric Analysis with Optical Characterization of Hydroxyapatite and CaTi4P6O24 Ceramic Formers by Dry Ball Milling

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cléber C. Silva ◽  
Manuel A. Valente ◽  
Manuel P.F. Graça ◽  
António S. B. Sombra
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Dielectric Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Phosphate Phase ◽  
Mineral Constituent

The bioceramic hydroxiapatite [Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2 – HAP] is the main mineral constituent of teeth and bones with excellent biocompatibility with hard and muscle tissues. These materials exhibit several problems of handling and fabrication, which can be overcome by mixing them with a suitable binder. The dry milling process of fabrication of HAP presents the advantage that melting is not necessary and the powder obtained is nanocrystalline. The HAP has been obtained from three different experimental procedures (HAPA: Ca(H2PO4)2 + Ca(OH)2; HAPB: Ca(H2PO4)2 + CaCO3; and HAPC: CaHPO4 + CaCO3). In the reactions HAPA and HAPB the hydroxiapatite phase was obtained after 5, 10 and 15 hours of milling and after 15 hours in the reaction HAPC. In order to improve the mechanical properties of HAP, calcium phosphate ceramics with titanium (CaP-Ti) has been prepared by dry ball milling (Ca(H2PO4)2 + TiO2). The calcium titanium phosphate phase, CaTi4P6O24, was obtained. The dielectric study in function of frequency, at constant temperature of the ceramics, was made using the Modulus (M*) formalism and a distribution of relaxation times was observed. The values of the dielectric constant of the ceramics measured at room temperature are between 5.04 (CaP-Ti_5H) and 13.70 (HAPA_10H). The structure of the samples was studied by X-Ray diffraction, infrared and Raman scattering spectroscopy.

Control of Crystal Orientation of Hydroxyapatite by Imposing a High Magnetic Field

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun You Wu ◽  
Yuichiro Murakami ◽  
Kensuke Sassa ◽  
Kazuhiko Iwai ◽  
Shigeo Asai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Oriented Crystal ◽  
Mineral Constituent

The controlled development of texture microstructure in ceramics is one effective way to improve their properties, such as electrical, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. A bioceramics with oriented crystal structure has attracted great interest. In bone reparations, Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials were frequently used. And HAp is the main mineral constituent of the hard tissue of human bodies, which occurs with a hexagonal crystal. A HAp crystal turns out to have different surface properties in a- (or b-) plane and c-plane. In this regard, to get highly oriented HAp is very important before using HAp as a biomaterial. And the crystal orientated HAp is useful not only as biomaterials but also as protein absorbents. In this research, two different kinds of HAp-based biomaterial with oriented structure (HAp bioceramics and HAp-coated titanium composite) were studied.

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