scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in radiology: 100 commercially available products and their scientific evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kicky G. van Leeuwen ◽  
Steven Schalekamp ◽  
Matthieu J. C. M. Rutten ◽  
Bram van Ginneken ◽  
Maarten de Rooij
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Potential Clinical Impact ◽  
Diagnostic Thinking

Abstract Objectives Map the current landscape of commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software for radiology and review the availability of their scientific evidence. Methods We created an online overview of CE-marked AI software products for clinical radiology based on vendor-supplied product specifications (www.aiforradiology.com). Characteristics such as modality, subspeciality, main task, regulatory information, deployment, and pricing model were retrieved. We conducted an extensive literature search on the available scientific evidence of these products. Articles were classified according to a hierarchical model of efficacy. Results The overview included 100 CE-marked AI products from 54 different vendors. For 64/100 products, there was no peer-reviewed evidence of its efficacy. We observed a large heterogeneity in deployment methods, pricing models, and regulatory classes. The evidence of the remaining 36/100 products comprised 237 papers that predominantly (65%) focused on diagnostic accuracy (efficacy level 2). From the 100 products, 18 had evidence that regarded level 3 or higher, validating the (potential) impact on diagnostic thinking, patient outcome, or costs. Half of the available evidence (116/237) were independent and not (co-)funded or (co-)authored by the vendor. Conclusions Even though the commercial supply of AI software in radiology already holds 100 CE-marked products, we conclude that the sector is still in its infancy. For 64/100 products, peer-reviewed evidence on its efficacy is lacking. Only 18/100 AI products have demonstrated (potential) clinical impact. Key Points • Artificial intelligence in radiology is still in its infancy even though already 100 CE-marked AI products are commercially available. • Only 36 out of 100 products have peer-reviewed evidence of which most studies demonstrate lower levels of efficacy. • There is a wide variety in deployment strategies, pricing models, and CE marking class of AI products for radiology.

Artificial intelligence as a moving force of improvement and innovative development in education and pedagogic

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
M. G. Koliada ◽  
T. I. Bugayova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Educational Data Mining ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Intellectual System ◽  
Will Force ◽  
To Come ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

The article discusses the history of the development of the problem of using artificial intelligence systems in education and pedagogic. Two directions of its development are shown: “Computational Pedagogic” and “Educational Data Mining”, in which poorly studied aspects of the internal mechanisms of functioning of artificial intelligence systems in this field of activity are revealed. The main task is a problem of interface of a kernel of the system with blocks of pedagogical and thematic databases, as well as with the blocks of pedagogical diagnostics of a student and a teacher. The role of the pedagogical diagnosis as evident reflection of the complex influence of factors and reasons is shown. It provides the intelligent system with operative and reliable information on how various reasons intertwine in the interaction, which of them are dangerous at present, where recession of characteristics of efficiency is planned. All components of the teaching and educational system are subject to diagnosis; without it, it is impossible to own any pedagogical situation optimum. The means in obtaining information about students, as well as the “mechanisms” of work of intelligent systems based on innovative ideas of advanced pedagogical experience in diagnostics of the professionalism of a teacher, are considered. Ways of realization of skill of the teacher on the basis of the ideas developed by the American scientists are shown. Among them, the approaches of researchers D. Rajonz and U. Bronfenbrenner who put at the forefront the teacher’s attitude towards students, their views, intellectual and emotional characteristics are allocated. An assessment of the teacher’s work according to N. Flanders’s system, in the form of the so-called “The Interaction Analysis”, through the mechanism of fixing such elements as: the verbal behavior of the teacher, events at the lesson and their sequence is also proposed. A system for assessing the professionalism of a teacher according to B. O. Smith and M. O. Meux is examined — through the study of the logic of teaching, using logical operations at the lesson. Samples of forms of external communication of the intellectual system with the learning environment are given. It is indicated that the conclusion of the found productive solutions can have the most acceptable and comfortable form both for students and for the teacher in the form of three approaches. The first shows that artificial intelligence in this area can be represented in the form of robotized being in the shape of a person; the second indicates that it is enough to confine oneself only to specially organized input-output systems for targeted transmission of effective methodological recommendations and instructions to both students and teachers; the third demonstrates that life will force one to come up with completely new hybrid forms of interaction between both sides in the form of interactive educational environments, to some extent resembling the educational spaces of virtual reality.

scholarly journals Systematic Design and Evaluation of a Citation Function Classification Scheme in Indonesian Journals

Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yaniasih Yaniasih ◽  
Indra Budi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Citation Function ◽  
Compilation Process ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Classifying citations according to function has many benefits when it comes to information retrieval tasks, scholarly communication studies, and ranking metric developments. Many citation function classification schemes have been proposed, but most of them have not been systematically designed for an extensive literature-based compilation process. Many schemes were also not evaluated properly before being used for classification experiments utilizing large datasets. This paper aimed to build and evaluate new citation function categories based upon sufficient scientific evidence. A total of 2153 citation sentences were collected from Indonesian journal articles for our dataset. To identify the new categories, a literature survey was conducted, analyses and groupings of category meanings were carried out, and then categories were selected based on the dataset’s characteristics and the purpose of the classification. The evaluation used five criteria: coherence, ease, utility, balance, and coverage. Fleiss’ kappa and automatic classification metrics using machine learning and deep learning algorithms were used to assess the criteria. These methods resulted in five citation function categories. The scheme’s coherence and ease of use were quite good, as indicated by an inter-annotator agreement value of 0.659 and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) F1-score of 0.93. According to the balance and coverage criteria, the scheme still needs to be improved. This research data was limited to journals in food science published in Indonesia. Future research will involve classifying the citation function using a massive dataset collected from various scientific fields and published from some representative countries, as well as applying improved annotation schemes and deep learning methods.

scholarly journals Measurement of Ethical Issues in Software Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Tria
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Formal Requirements

Ethics is a research field that is obtaining more and more attention in Computer Science due to the proliferation of artificial intelligence software, machine learning algorithms, robot agents (like chatbot), and so on. Indeed, ethics research has produced till now a set of guidelines, such as ethical codes, to be followed by people involved in Computer Science. However, a little effort has been spent for producing formal requirements to be included in the design process of software able to act ethically with users. In the paper, we investigate those issues that make a software product ethical and propose a set of metrics devoted to quantitatively evaluate if a software product can be considered ethical or not.

scholarly journals International trends in the interaction between law enforcement bodies in the digital space

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 560-565
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Kovtun ◽  
Eduard A. Vinokurov ◽  
Irina Y. Kapustina ◽  
Andrey V. Lagutochkin ◽  
Dmitry V. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency

The authors substantiate the feasibility of introducing digital technologies into modern law enforcement. The position on the need for normative consolidation of the procedure for the creation and use of international databases of law enforcement agencies based on blockchain technology, and the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies is substantiated. The need for a phased, but offensive implementation of digital technologies in law enforcement is determined. The main task for successful international integration is the complete digitalization of law enforcement within each country and on the basis of uniform standards that will allow all individual law enforcement agencies to be combined into a single international law enforcement agency.

scholarly journals Conditions for the use of simulators that implement the features of artificial intelligence systems when studying at a transport university

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
M.V. Karelina ◽  
S.P. Vakulenko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

The article presents the main conditions for the use of simulators, which are proposed to be used both for the simulators themselves, which implement the features of artificial intelligence systems, and for the organization of work with simulators in the educational process. Training of students with the use of simulators should form practical skills of the future specialty in accordance with the types of professional activity and qualification characteristics. The conditions for the use of simulators are proposed to include: the implementation of the activity approach; information security of software products; leveling of possible negative consequences for the health of the student, etc. Each of the presented conditions implies the need to ensure the formed parameters and the order of their evaluation. It is concluded that the above conditions for the use of simulators will allow for the development of new forms of professional training and appropriate scientific and methodological tools, and the need to actively introduce new high-tech simulators into the educational process of transport universities, including those that implement the capabilities of virtual/ augmented reality technologies.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Military Staffs and the Possible Effects of Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Ferenc Fazekas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
The Military

Abstract The military staffs are vital parts of military organizations dealing with the numerous details required for the successful conduct of either the peace-time daily routine tasks or the war-time missions. In NATO’s view the staffs are the bodies of specialists whose main task is to provide advice for the commanders on problems at hand as well as to materialize a bold plan acting upon the commanders’ intent and guidance. Staffs capable of meeting these requirements do not have a long history, although different kind of advisory bodies of selected personnel were accompanied the military leaders throughout the history. The military staff of today can be considered as a step on the evolutionary ladder of staffs, on which the emerging technologies will reveal new steps to be taken. One of the most important technology that will affect, or revolutionize even, the internal work processes and the constitution of a military staff is the artificial intelligence. This paper describes the technological and social changes that led to the emergence of the current NATO staff organization and gives some hints about the possible future effects of artificial intelligence on the staff system.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING OF TAX CALCULATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Butkevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Working Plan ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accounting Policy

The article examines the impact of digital technologies on the organization of accounting for tax payments. It is noted that this area of accounting is one of the most difficult, which determines the relevance of the study of the impact of digital technologies on the organization of accounting for tax payments. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of cognition: logical, systemic, induction, deduction, analysis. Any company seeks to optimize their size and avoid penalties when making calculations for tax payments. However, in practice, most companies do not pay due attention to the development and implementation of the necessary procedures for optimizing tax calculations. A prerequisite for the optimal tax policy of the enterprise is a rationally developed accounting policy. Formalization of accounting policy is carried out by approving the Order on accounting policy. When forming this internal regulation, it is expedient to single out the section "Organization of accounting for settlements with the budget for tax payments", which discloses the method of accounting for calculations of a tax or fee depending on the nature and specifics of the enterprise, its industry characteristics Of the Tax Code of Ukraine. In this section of the accounting policy of the enterprise it is expedient to include the Working plan of accounts and the schedule of document flow. The final stage of the organization of the account of calculations with the budget on tax payments is drawing up of the tax reporting and its representation. At this stage, the use of digital technologies can significantly reduce the time spent on filling out the appropriate forms of tax reporting, and their submission. The main software products used by modern enterprises in the organization of accounting for tax payments include: technology Artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence), Big Data (big data), Cloud technologies and computing (cloud technology and computing), Blockchain (blockchain). The use of digital technologies in the organization of accounting for tax payments is the key to improving the tax discipline of the enterprise, which in combination with a properly designed and formalized accounting policy of the enterprise avoids the cost of fines and other financial sanctions imposed by fiscal authorities.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: PROSPECTS FOR DIGITIZING CUSTOMS TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Елена Андреева ◽  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
Александр Суглобов ◽  
Aleksandr Suglobov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Single Commodity

The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the qualitatively new trends in the development of customs technologies related to digitalization. We are talking about the prospects of creating artificial intelligence designed to identify homogeneous groups of goods during customs control. A critical assessment of existing software products used to identify goods for customs purposes is given, a number of shortcomings are noted that do not allow for full identification with the particularities of building a single Commodity Nomenclature for Foreign Economic Activities of the Eurasian Economic Union (CN for FEA of EEU). A model for the formation of databases of identification characteristics of homogeneous groups of goods and the principle of developing scenarios for expert systems for the identification of products based on artificial intelligence are proposed.

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