scholarly journals Amino acid intake and plasma concentrations and their interplay with gut microbiota in vegans and omnivores in Germany

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Iris Trefflich ◽  
Per Magne Ueland ◽  
Juliane Menzel ◽  
Katharina J. Penczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Amino Acid Intake

Abstract Purpose It has been estimated that most vegans meet the total protein requirements, but whether this is also true for individual essential amino acids (AAs) is unclear. Furthermore, a shift in protein intake is suggested to alter microbiota composition, but this association is unknown in terms of veganism or individual AAs. This cross-sectional study compared vegans and omnivores regarding dietary intake and plasma concentration of AAs. The prevalence of insufficient intake of essential AAs among vegans was determined using estimated average requirements (EAR) of WHO. Moreover, correlations between AAs intake and gut microbiota were investigated. Methods Data of 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (30–60 years) were analysed. AA intake, AA plasma concentrations and gut microbiota were ascertained by three-day weighed food protocols, gas/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Results At almost the same energy intake, the intake of 9 AAs in vegans was significantly lower than in omnivores, with median differences of − 27.0% to − 51.9%. However, only one female vegan showed total protein and lysine intake below the EAR. Vegans showed lower lysine (− 25.0%), but higher glycine (+ 25.4%) and glutamate (+ 13.1%) plasma concentrations than omnivores. Correlation patterns between AA intake and bacterial microbiota differed between vegans and omnivores. In vegans 19 species and in omnivores 5 species showed correlations with AA intake. Conclusion Vegans consumed apparently sufficient but lower AAs than omnivores. In addition, the different AAs intake seems to influence the microbiota composition. The use of short-term dietary data without considering usual intake limits these findings.

scholarly journals Physical activity and gut microbiota: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gallè ◽  
F Valeriani ◽  
M Antinozzi ◽  
R Liguori ◽  
G Gianfranceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background The composition of gut microbiota, and in particular the intestinal abundance of the two main bacterial phyla of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are associated with human health and diseases and may be conditioned by host and environmental factors such as age, gender and diet. The role of Physical Activity (PA) in determining gut microbiota composition has not been yet completely clarified. A cross-sectional study involving undergraduates from two Italian cities is ongoing to explore this relationship. Methods Students were invited to provide a fecal sample and to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in order to define their habitual PA level (inactive, minimally active, health enhancing physical activity -HEPA- active). Demographic and anthropometric information were also collected. DNA from fecal samples was analyzed through the 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition and variability of the samples were evaluated on the light of participants' PA levels. Results A total of 153 students (47.7% males, mean age 22.4±2.9, mean BMI 22.3±2.7) participated to the study so far. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main represented phyla. An increase in Firmicutes (58.3±16 to 61.4±13.3, p = 0.68) and a reduction in Bacteroidetes (32.6±14.8 to 30.3±11.4, p = 0.51) have been registered with the increase of PA level. A higher variability (expressed as Shannon α-index) has been detected in minimally active (3.39±0.03) and HEPA-active (3.41±0) individuals respect to inactive subjects (3.35±0.07) (p = 0.05). Conclusions Even if they are not significant, these preliminary results suggest a relationship between PA levels and gut microbiota composition. An active lifestyle seems to be associated with a greater microbial diversity in the gut. Further researches are needed to explain these findings. Key messages Physical activity seems to be associated with gut microbiota composition. A greater variability in gut microbiota was found in active people.

scholarly journals Differences in gut microbiota composition between obese and lean children: a cross-sectional study

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liene Bervoets ◽  
Kim Van Hoorenbeeck ◽  
Ineke Kortleven ◽  
Caroline Van Noten ◽  
Niel Hens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lean Children ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Age-related changes in gut microbiota composition from newborn to centenarian: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitaka Odamaki ◽  
Kumiko Kato ◽  
Hirosuke Sugahara ◽  
Nanami Hashikura ◽  
Sachiko Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Age Related Changes

Association of CYP2D6*10 (c. 100 C>T) Genotype with Z-END Concentration in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Tamoxifen Therapy in Indonesian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenny ◽  
Sonar S. Panigoro ◽  
Denni J. Purwanto ◽  
Adi Hidayat ◽  
Melva Louisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a frequently used hormonal prodrug for patients with breast cancer that needs to be activated by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) into Zusammen-endoxifen (Z-END). Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) genotype and attainment of the plasma steady-state Z-END minimal threshold concentration (MTC) in Indonesian women with breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 125 ambulatory patients with breast cancer consuming TAM at 20 mg/day for at least 4 months. The frequency distribution of CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) genotypes (C/C: wild type; C/T: heterozygous mutant; T/T: homozygous mutant) was detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), the results of which were subsequently confirmed by sequencing. The genotypes were categorized into plasma Z- END concentrations of <5.9 ng/mL and ≥5.9 ng/mL, which were measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results: Percentages of C/C, CT, and T/T genotypes were 22.4%, 29.6%, and 48.8%, respectively. Median (25-75%) Z-END concentrations in C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes were 9.58 (0.7-6.0), 9.86 (0.7-26.6), and 3.76 (0.9-26.6) ng/mL, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in median Z-END concentration between patients with T/T genotype and those with C/C or C/T genotypes (p<0.001). There was a significant association between CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) genotypes and attainment of plasma steady-state Z-END MTC (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant association between CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) and attainment of plasma steady-state Z-END MTC in Indonesian breast cancer patients receiving TAM at a dose of 20 mg/day.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Judit Companys ◽  
Maria José Gosalbes ◽  
Laura Pla-Pagà ◽  
Lorena Calderón-Pérez ◽  
Elisabet Llauradó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Obese Subjects

We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the phylum‐level human gut microbiota composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koliada ◽  
Vladislav Moseiko ◽  
Mariana Romanenko ◽  
Oleh Lushchak ◽  
Nadiia Kryzhanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Evidence was previously provided for sex-related differences in the human gut microbiota composition, and sex-specific discrepancy in hormonal profiles was proposed as a main determinant of these differences. On the basis of these findings, the assumption was made on the role of microbiota in the sexual dimorphism of human diseases. To date, sex differences in fecal microbiota were demonstrated primarily at lower taxonomic levels, whereas phylum-level differences between sexes were reported in few studies only. In the present population-based cross-sectional research, sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition were identified in a large (total n = 2301) sample of relatively healthy individuals from Ukraine. Results Relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as determined by qRT-PCR, were found to be significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in females compared to males. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Females had 31 % higher odds of having F/B ratio more than 1 than males. This trend was evident in all age groups. The difference between sexes was even more pronounced in the elder individuals (50+): in this age group, female participants had 56 % higher odds of having F/B ratio > 1 than the male ones. Conclusions In conclusion, sex-specific differences in the phylum-level intestinal microbiota composition were observed in the Ukraine population. The F/B ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Further investigation is needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the mechanistic basis for sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition and regarding the role of these differences in the initiation and progression of human chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Short- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Fecal Markers for Microbiota Activity in Vegans and Omnivores

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Iris Trefflich ◽  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Annett Braune ◽  
Klaus Abraham ◽  
Cornelia Weikert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A vegan diet could impact microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites like short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores. In this cross-sectional study (vegans n = 36; omnivores n = 36), microbiota composition, fecal SCFA, BCFA, and ammonia concentrations and pH were analyzed in complete stool samples. A random forest regression (RFR) was used to identify bacteria predicting SCFA/BCFA concentrations in vegans and omnivores. No significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations were observed between vegans and omnivores. Fecal pH (p = 0.005) and ammonia concentration (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in vegans than in omnivores, while fiber intake was higher (p < 0.0001). Shannon diversity was higher in omnivores compared to vegans on species level (p = 0.04) only. In vegans, a cluster of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, Dialister spp., and Eubacterium spp. was predictive for SCFA and BCFA concentrations. In omnivores, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp., and Prevotella copri were predictive. Though SCFA and BCFA did not differ between vegans and omnivores, the results of the RFR suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.

scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Association with Food Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Zahra A. Barandouzi ◽  
Joochul Lee ◽  
Kendra Maas ◽  
Angela R. Starkweather ◽  
Xiaomei S. Cong
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The interplay between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor in pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to compare food components and gut microbiota patterns between IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) as well as to explore the associations of food components and microbiota profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 young adults with IBS and 21 HC recruited. The food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food components. Fecal samples were collected and profiled by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. Food components were similar in both IBS and HC groups, except in caffeine consumption. Higher alpha diversity indices and altered gut microbiota were observed in IBS compared to the HC. A negative correlation existed between total observed species and caffeine intake in the HC, and a positive correlation between alpha diversity indices and dietary fiber in the IBS group. Higher alpha diversity and gut microbiota alteration were found in IBS people who consumed caffeine more than 400 mg/d. Moreover, high microbial diversity and alteration of gut microbiota composition in IBS people with high caffeine consumption may be a clue toward the effects of caffeine on the gut microbiome pattern, which warrants further study.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaorui Bian ◽  
Gregory B. Gloor ◽  
Aihua Gong ◽  
Changsheng Jia ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Cohorts

ABSTRACT We report the large-scale use of compositional data analysis to establish a baseline microbiota composition in an extremely healthy cohort of the Chinese population. This baseline will serve for comparison for future cohorts with chronic or acute disease. In addition to the expected difference in the microbiota of children and adults, we found that the microbiota of the elderly in this population was similar in almost all respects to that of healthy people in the same population who are scores of years younger. We speculate that this similarity is a consequence of an active healthy lifestyle and diet, although cause and effect cannot be ascribed in this (or any other) cross-sectional design. One surprising result was that the gut microbiota of persons in their 20s was distinct from those of other age cohorts, and this result was replicated, suggesting that it is a reproducible finding and distinct from those of other populations. The microbiota of the aged is variously described as being more or less diverse than that of younger cohorts, but the comparison groups used and the definitions of the aged population differ between experiments. The differences are often described by null hypothesis statistical tests, which are notoriously irreproducible when dealing with large multivariate samples. We collected and examined the gut microbiota of a cross-sectional cohort of more than 1,000 very healthy Chinese individuals who spanned ages from 3 to over 100 years. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing results used a compositional data analysis paradigm coupled with measures of effect size, where ordination, differential abundance, and correlation can be explored and analyzed in a unified and reproducible framework. Our analysis showed several surprising results compared to other cohorts. First, the overall microbiota composition of the healthy aged group was similar to that of people decades younger. Second, the major differences between groups in the gut microbiota profiles were found before age 20. Third, the gut microbiota differed little between individuals from the ages of 30 to >100. Fourth, the gut microbiota of males appeared to be more variable than that of females. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the microbiota of the healthy aged in this cross-sectional study differ little from that of the healthy young in the same population, although the minor variations that do exist depend upon the comparison cohort. IMPORTANCE We report the large-scale use of compositional data analysis to establish a baseline microbiota composition in an extremely healthy cohort of the Chinese population. This baseline will serve for comparison for future cohorts with chronic or acute disease. In addition to the expected difference in the microbiota of children and adults, we found that the microbiota of the elderly in this population was similar in almost all respects to that of healthy people in the same population who are scores of years younger. We speculate that this similarity is a consequence of an active healthy lifestyle and diet, although cause and effect cannot be ascribed in this (or any other) cross-sectional design. One surprising result was that the gut microbiota of persons in their 20s was distinct from those of other age cohorts, and this result was replicated, suggesting that it is a reproducible finding and distinct from those of other populations.

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