Do the quantitative relationships of synaptic junctions and terminals in the thalamus of genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) differ from those in normal control Wistar rats

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) is the most frequently used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Conversely, its overdose leads to both liver and kidney damage. Several scientific reports have focused majorly on protective effects of medicinal plants on APAP –induced hepato-renal-toxicity. actually, there is a dearth of work on the hepato-renal-curative effects of the herbal drugs supplements on APAP induced toxicity. Aims: In the present study, Aloe vera (ALOV) gel versus Moringa oleifera (MORN) leaf supplement effects was evaluated curatively against Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepato- renal-toxicity. Study Design: This study was an experimental study in the Animal House of the Department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt. The work lasted for 7 days. Methodology: Twenty adult wistar rats weighing 185-220 g were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) animals each and treated orally as follows: group 1(normal control) received distilled water (7days), group 2 received 1 g/kg acetaminophen (APAP) (2 days), whereas group 3-4 received APAP (2 days) followed by 500 mg/kg of ALOV and MORN supplements respectively for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, animals from different groups were anaesthesized, the liver and kidney tissues were dissected and blood collected subjected to different biochemical, antioxidants, and histopathological test. Statistical Analysis: was done using One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s Post-hoc Test. Results: APAP caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in creatinine with significant (P<0.01) increase and decrease in liver enzymes and renal catalase levels respectively in relation to normal control. Treatment of rats with the ALOV and MORN supplements attenuated the elevated liver and kidney biochemistry as well as improved histopathological alterations by APAP treatment. Conclusion: The supplements demonstrated restorative ability. MORN and ALOV supplements extract can be suggested as a convincing remedy against APAP-induced hepato-renal-toxicity.

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Effect of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)-based diet on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in adult Wistar rats

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i8.24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1737-1743

Author(s):

Patrick O. Uadia ◽

Isaac O. Imagbovomwan ◽

Kelly Oriakhi ◽

Ikechi G. Eze

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Normal Control ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Control Group ◽

Β Cells ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Ad Libitum

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an okra-based diet on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in adult Wistar rats and its mechanism of action.Methods: Wistar rats (6) were administered streptozotocin (50 mg/kg ip) after an overnight fast. Upon confirmation of diabetes mellitus, the animals were fed ad libitum for 21 days with formulated okrabased test diet in place of normal diet. The rats treated similarly with streptozotocin and fed ad libitum with the normal diet served as diabetic control while rats fed on normal diet and not treated with streptozotocin served as the negative control. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed, fasting bloodcollected and analysed for glucose concentration and biochemical parameters. Pancreas was also excised for histopathological studies.Results: There was a significant increase in body weight, HDL-cholesterol (p< 0.05) but significant decrease in blood glucose (p < 0.05), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and VLDLcholesterol concentrations in the okra-fed diabetic treated rats when compared to the diabetic control group. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) was significantly higher in the diabetic control, and reduced significantly when fed with okra-based diet (p < 0.05). Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in diabetic control and treated group, whereas it was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in normal control rats. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in reduced glutathione levels. The significant (p< 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde in the diabetic group was significantly decrease in the diabetic rats fed with okra-diet. Also serum insulin level was significantly (p < 0.05) increased and serum α amylase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in the diabetic treated rats. Histology results show that there was damage to the β cells of the pancreas in the diabetic control when compared to normal control, but rats fed okra diet was able to regenerate endocrine β cells.Conclusion: Okra-based diet lowers hyperglycaemia as well as regenerate/repair endocrine β-cells and exocrine tissues of the pancreas damage by streptozotocin Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus, Diabetes mellitus, anti-diabetic, Insulin, α-amylase, Mechanism

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Effects of Methanol Seed Extract of Aframomum melegueta (Alligator Pepper) on Wistar Rats with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Induced Hemolytic Anemia

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine ◽

10.18639/rabm.2017.03.443648 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 03 ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Damilola A. Omoboyowa ◽

Agha O. Aja ◽

Florence Eluu ◽

Kerian C. Ngobidi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Normal Control ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Hematological Indices ◽

Group I ◽

Wbc Count

The prevalence of parasitic infections such as malaria, which leads to decrease in hematological indices, the major cause of anemia, constitutes a serious health challenge in many developing countries such as Nigeria. This study investigated the effect of methanol seed extract of Aframomum melegueta on selected hematological indices of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH)-induced anemic rats model. The toxicity study and qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out using standard procedure. Twenty Wistar rats were grouped into five of four rats each (n = 4). Group I: Normal control; Group II: Negative control; Group III: administered 20 ml/kg b.w. of Astifer (Standard drug); Group IV and V were administered 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, respectively. The animals of Groups II to V were induced with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (20 mg/kg b.w.) once daily for seven consecutive days; their blood samples were collected by ocular puncture into heparinized capillary tubes for hematological analysis and animals with packed cell volume (PCV) ≥ 30% reduction were considered anemic for the study. The result of the qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that the methanol extract tested positive to alkaloids, carbohydrate, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. Acute toxicity and lethality studies on methanol extract showed an oral LD50 equal or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The rats administered 20 ml/kg b.w. of Astifer showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in PCV, hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophils count compared with the normal control animals. The rats administered 200 mg/kg b.w. of A. melegueta showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher PCV and WBC count; non significant (P > 0.05) decrease in hemoglobin count, RBC, platelet, neutrophils and lymphocyte count compared with the normal control animals. The rats administered 400 mg/kg b.w. of A. melegueta showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in hemoglobin, platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and neutrophils count; non significant (P > 0.05) lower PCV, RBC, WBC count, and lymphocyte count compared with anemic rats administered with 0.3 ml of normal saline. It can be concluded that Aframomum melegueta seed has beneficial immunological and hematological properties in Wistar rats and possessed erythropoietic potentials at minimal dose that support its use for treating anemia.

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Antioxidant and haematological potentials of fruit wastes from Terminalia catappa and observable trophic effect on weight of wistar rats after exposure to monosodium glutamate

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2020.9602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 392-398

Author(s):

Philemon C Anuforo ◽

◽

Anthony Cemaluk C Egbuonu ◽

Elizabeth U Egu ◽

Ejike Chukwunyere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Trophic Effect ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Fruit Wastes ◽

Dose Dependent

This study investigated the antioxidant and haematological potentials of a fruit wastes from Terminalia catappa and observable trophic effect on weight of Wistar rats after acute exposure to monosodium glutamate. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats with mean weight of 120.61±15.15 g were divided into six groups (n=4). Group 1, the normal control (received distilled water), group II, the negative control (received 8mg MSG/g b.wt), group III, the extract control (received 300 mg extract/kg b.wt), group IV (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 100 mg extract/kg b.wt.), group V (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 300 mg kg-1 b.wt. extract) and group VI (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 500 mg extract/kg b.wt). Treatment was administered daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan post-hoc test at p<0.05 and means were estimated and significant differences noted. DPPH antioxidant assay for the fruit wastes ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa endocarp revealed the extract produced 92.8% inhibition which is comparable to 96.07% inhibition produced by ascorbic acid at the same concentration, as well as, possessed FRAP activity in a concentration dependent manner. In vivo antioxidant assays carried out revealed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the MSG-treated group but the catalase (CAT) activity showed a non-significant decrease as compared to the normal control, confirming there was oxidative stress. However, treatment with the extract increased the activities of SOD and CAT perhaps due to the presence of phenolic and flavonoids components. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in WBC and RBC and could be attributed to the potential of the extract to stimulate the immune system. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) in MSG-extract co-administered rats showed a positive ameliorative effect of the extract in a dose dependent manner when compared to MSG group. Weight gain following extract administration was not dose dependent. The results showed that the fruit wastes had antioxidant potency and haematological potential. This bio-approach is promising as it solves the problem of environmental burden, as well as, serves economic benefits and hence, may become increasingly attractive.

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Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2021/6694340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Akheruz Zaman Ahmed ◽

Shakta Mani Satyam ◽

Prakashchandra Shetty ◽

Melanie Rose D’Souza

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Normal Control ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Methyl Gallate ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Group Ii

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV). Group III and group IV animals were prophylactically treated with methyl gallate 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day orally, respectively, for seven days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered through an intraperitoneal route to group II, III, and IV animals on the seventh day to induce acute cardiotoxicity. On the 8th day, besides ECG analysis, serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA, and GSH were assayed. Following gross examination of isolated hearts, histopathological evaluation was performed by light microscopy. A significant ( p < 0.05) cardiac injury, as well as oxidative stress, was observed in doxorubicin control rats in comparison to normal control rats. Methyl gallate at both the doses significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced doxorubicin-induced ECG changes, dyslipidaemia, and elevation of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and increased GSH level. Methyl gallate reversed the doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes in the heart. The present study revealed that methyl gallate exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of methyl gallate as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.

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Age Susceptibility of Wistar Rats to Alloxan-Induced Diabetes: A Paradox

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11210438 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 191-195

Author(s):

Patrick E. ABA ◽

Miracle N. EDEH

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Normal Control ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Experimental Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

The Body ◽

Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Alloxan Monohydrate

Selection of appropriate ages of rats for experimental diabetes mellitus studies has been posing great challenges to researchers as the rats may either not come down with diabetes or may even die upon induction. This study investigated the influence of age as a possible factor affecting successful induction of diabetes mellitus in albino Wistar rats. One hundred male albino Wistar rats of varying ages weighing between 23.63 ± 0.46 g and 279.00 ± 27.00 g and assigned into ten (10) groups of ten rats per group were used for the study. Diabetes was induced in groups 1-9 consisting of rats aged 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 weeks respectively by injecting 160 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally while group 10 rats (aged 12 weeks) served as normal control. Fasting blood glucose levels and the weights of the rats were determined on 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post alloxan monohydrate injection. Body conditions and behaviors of the rats were subjectively scored. Results showed that rats in groups 3-9 came down with hyperglycemia 48 h post-alloxan injection. The body conditions and behaviors of groups 3 (aged 7 weeks) and 4 (Aged 9 weeks) rats compared very well (p<0.05) with those of the normal control rats. It was concluded that rats aged 7-9 weeks were most suitable for use in studies involving induction of experimental diabetes mellitus using alloxan monohydrate at the dose of 160 mg/kg intraperitoneally.

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Serum lipid and electrolyte profiles of Wistar rats fed with Vernonia amygdalina supplemented Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) pudding

Calabar Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.25259/cjhs_10_2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

Godwin E. Egbung ◽

Nyakno A. Essien ◽

John E. Mgbang ◽

Josephine E. Egbung

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Normal Control ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

The Body ◽

Serum Lipid Profile ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Group 2

Objective: This study investigated the effects of Vernonia amygdalina supplementation on Vigna subterrenea (bambara groundnut) pudding on serum lipid profile and electrolyte levels in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty five weanling rats were randomly selected into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 received normal rat pellet. Groups 2 and 3 received 10% and 5% (w/w) non supplemented bambara pudding, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were fed with 10% and 5% (w/w) Vernonia supplemented bambara pudding, respectively, for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed using anaesthesia at the end of the experiment and blood sample collected for serum lipid profile and serum electrolyte determinations using standard methods. Results: There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total cholesterol level in groups 2 (1.64 ± 0.01 mmol/L) and 4 (1.66 ± 0.01 mmol/L) compared to normal control (1.31 ± 0.02 mmol/L). Triacylglycerol level increased significantly in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared to normal control. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Serum sodium level were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in group 2 and 4 respectively compared to the normal control. Potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and calcium levels showed significant increases in group 2 relative to normal control. Phosphate level decreased significantly in group 2 (1.37 ± 0.03 mmol/L), 3 (1.43 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and 5 (1.37 ± 0.03 mmol/L) when compared to normal control (1.75 ± 0.03 mmol/L) respectively. Conclusion: Consumption of bambara groundnut pudding supplemented with Vernonia leaves increases HDL-c level as well as supply appreciable amounts of electrolytes in the body.

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Nephroprotective Effect of Herbal Extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum on Induced Urolithiaisis in Wistar Rats: Haemato-Biochemical Evaluation

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.v13i03.10610 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Dhaval B. Patel ◽

S. K. Raval ◽

G. C. Mandali ◽

A. C. Patel ◽

A. M. Pande

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Normal Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nephroprotective Effect ◽

Solanum Xanthocarpum

The experiment was conducted on 90 adult healthy Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided in to 15 equal groups, each of 6 rats, and were kept in separate cages. Group I served as normal healthy control without any treatment, while Group II and III served as vehicle (bicarbonate) control and lithiatic control, respectively. In rats of Group III to IX urolithiasis was induced using 0.75 % (v/v) ethylene glycol and 2% (w/v) ammonium chloride in drinking water for 28 days. The rats of Group I, II, and X to XV were given pure wholesome water till 28 days. After 28th day, the rats of urolithiatic treatment Groups IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX were given aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum @ 300 mg/kg bwt orally as either single extract or combination as biherbal extracts in 0.5 % sodium bicarbonate using syringe and rat lavage needle, and so also was done for rats of Group X to XV as extract control groups. Blood samples were collected twice: i.e. on day 28 of induction of urolithiasis and then on day 56 of experiment from all rats. No significant difference was observed in any of the haematological parameters and even in serum albumin and globulin levels before and after treatment in different groups. However, increased levels of serum BUN, uric acid and creatinine were observed in the urolithiatic groups as compared to the normal control group on 28th day. While serum total protein levels were decreased in the calculi induced groups as compared to the normal control group. However, co-treatment of aqueous or alcoholic extract of Bryophyllum calycinum and Solanum xanthocarpum significantly restored these changes by 56th day. The effect of biherbal alcoholic extract of the plants was much better in restoring the values and the levels came nearer to normal by 56th day of oral treatment proving nephroprotective effect of these extracts.

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