Heavy metals controlling cardiovascular diseases risk factors in myocardial infarction patients in critically environmentally heavy metal-polluted steel industrial town Mandi-Gobindgarh (India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshu Mandal ◽  
Sukhbir Kaur ◽  
Vinod kumar Gupta ◽  
Amit Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Industrial Town

scholarly journals Risk factors for development of myocardial infarction in women with preserved reproductive function

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria V. Seliverstova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. Identification of risk factors (RF) for myocardial infarction (MI) among women with preserved menstrual function. Material and Methods. 121 Female patients under 55 years of age, who were hospitalized with MI in the cardiology departments of Ryazan in the period 2010-2016, were studied. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group included women with a regular menstrual cycle without menopausal symptoms (n=60, mean age 48.0±6.1 years). The second group consisted of postmenopausal women (n=61, mean age 49.8±4.3 years). Of a cohort of studied  women a group of women was isolated (n=18 from group 1 and n=15 from group 2) who, during hospitalization with MI in 2015-2016, filled in questionnaires on nutrition and physical activity. Results. In women of group 1 such risk factors as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases (58.3%, p=0.02) and smoking (46.7%, p=0.03) were more common than in women of group 2. Only women of group 1 took oral contraceptives before the onset of MI (15%, p=0.005). The most common RFs were: arterial hypertension (˃80% of patients in both groups; overweight and obesity (78.3% of women from group 1 and 83.6% from group 2); type 2 diabetes mellitus  (23.3% in group 1 and 24.6% in group 2). According to the results of the questionnaire on food habits, insufficient use of fruit and vegetables was detected among all patients of both groups. In analysis of the results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), 72.2% of patients in group 1 experienced insufficient physical activity, and 53.3% of patients in group 2 showed pronounced hypodynamia. Biochemical analysis of blood revealed increased average levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, with high-density lipoproteins within the normal range in both groups. Conclusion. The most common risk factors for myocardial infarction in women with preserved menstrual function in comparison with postmenopausal women were: positive heredity for cardiovascular diseases, smoking and taking oral contraceptives. Besides, a wide spread of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity, low physical activity and lack of fruit and vegetables in the diet of women in both groups should be noted.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristic and management of elderly patients with myocardial infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Jadranka Dejanovic ◽  
Igor Ivanov ◽  
Tanja Popov ◽  
Milenko Cankovic ◽  
Aleksandra Vulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Clinical Characteristic

Introduction/Objective. Population of elderly people is increasing and modern medicine is faced with the problem of large morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in this age group. Modern treatment strategies have not been sufficiently investigated in the elderly, therefore these people often receive suboptimal treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical characteristic, cardiac risk factors, management strategies and early outcome in the elderly patient with ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods. This retrospective study included 217 consecutive patients, aged ? 70 years (mean age 77.6 ? 4.9 years, 103 men, 114 women) with STEMI admitted to the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina. We have analyzed patients? clinical characteristics, risk factors, left ventricular function and treatment strategies in relation to in-hospital outcome. Results. First clinical symptom was chest pain in 209 (96.3%) of patients. On admission, 35 (16.1%) patients were with severe signs of heart failure (Killip class III?IV). Duration of symptom onset to hospital admission was 14.7 ? 28.6 hours. Out of 217 patients, 168 (77.4%) patients received reperfusion treatment, including primary percutaneous coronary ntervention (PPCI) in 164 (75.6%) patients, and fibrinolytic therapy in 4 (1.8%) patients. Hospital mortality was 26.3% (57 patients). PPCI was univariate predictor of lower in-hospital mortality, whereas multivariate predictors of in-hospital mortality were cardiogenic shock (OR 67.095; 95% CI (6.845?657.646); p < 0.001) and low ejection fraction (OR 0.901; 95% CI (0.853?0.963); p = 0.001). Conclusion. In elederly patients presenting with STEMI, PPCI was asscoiated with lower mortality, whereas cardiogenic shock and lower ejection fraction were independent predictors of worse prognosis after STEMI.

scholarly journals Associations of heavy metal levels with environmental and behavioral factors in children with autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Yongshun Huang ◽  
Weiyong Huang ◽  
Chang’an Zhao ◽  
Ligang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Folic Acid Intake ◽  
Acid Intake

Abstract Background The etiologies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are yet unclear. Previous studies suggested that ASD is associated with environmental heavy metals. Thus, the present study analyzed the levels of 41 heavy metals and the associated environmental factors in children with ASD. Methods The 25 children diagnosed with ASD were included in the case group (ASD group), while the 18 age- and gender-matched healthy children who came for routine care were included in the typical development group (TD group). The levels of heavy metal in the blood were measured in both groups. The questionnaire survey collected the demographic information, socioeconomic information, and risk factors of potential heavy metal sources for the analysis of risk factors. Results A total of 25 children were included in the ASD group and 18 in the TD group. The blood manganese (Mn) level was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group . The father’s educational level was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group. The living status was mainly scattered for the ASD children and daycare for the TD group. The frequency of book-reading, washing hand with sanitizer/soap, and the folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy was significantly lower in the ASD group than the TD group, while the percentage of birth disorder history was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy and father’s education level beyond junior college were protective factors for ASD. Also, the frequencies of washing hands with sanitizer every time, sometimes, and hardly acted as protective factors for ASD. Conclusion Blood Mn level was significantly higher in ASD than TD, suggesting that environmental Mn exposure could be a risk factor of ASD in children. Folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy and father’s education levels are protective factors for ASD. Concentrated heavy metal in the blood in prenatal or early life exposures which suggested ASD is needed in the future study.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases and Screening of Possible Cardiovascular Diseases among Adults in Devchuli Municipality of Nawalpur District, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Samikshya Parajuli ◽  
Tulsi Ram Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Myocardial Infraction

Introduction: The major Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. Among the cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction and angina have high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study assessed the prevalence of risk factors of NCD among adults, screened possible CVDs (myocardial infraction and angina) among adults and related presence of risk factors with possible CVDs (myocardial infarction and angina) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among an adult population of 30 to 50 years in Devchuli Municipality of Nawalpur district, Nepal from June to December 2018. We used WHO STEPS survey questionnaire to assess risk factors and Rose Angina Questionnaire given by WHO to find out the possible myocardial infarction and angina as study tools. We used complete filled 372 questionnaires to analyze and draw the results. Proportionate random sampling was performed to obtain the sample from each ward. Results: The prevalence of the use of any type of tobacco products was 20.7% and consumption of alcoholic products was 19.62%. Prevalence of physically inactive was found at 44.9%. Out of the total participants 25%, 15.3%, and 3.5% reported hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases respectively. Prevalence of possible rose angina and the myocardial infarction was found to be 8.06% and 2.7% respectively. Smoking (χ2=9.685, df=1, p=0.02) and alcohol consumption (χ2=4.331, df=1, p=0.037) were found significantly associated with Rose Angina. Conclusions: The prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases was high. Possible angina and the myocardial infarction were also found out in the adult population. Individual and community-based behavior change intervention program would be the way out to overcome the problem.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-483
Author(s):  
Jan W. Pęksa ◽  
Piotr Jankowski ◽  
Danuta Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Despite significant improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have occurred in recent years, they remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the population. In many European countries, the incidence of coronary heart disease is currently 50% lower than it was in the early 1980s, which is the result of cardiovascular prevention. A special group of patients are people after myocardial infarction with very high cardiovascular risk. They should definitely implement activities at the individual level e. g. work on improving the unhealthy lifestyle and pharmacologically control other risk factors. A diet low in saturated fats should be recommended, i.e. mainly containing whole grains, vegetables, fruits and fish, recommend regular physical exercise: 150 min / week of moderate, aerobic physical activity, reducing the supply of calories in order to get rid of overweight or obesity. Help in quitting tobacco addiction should take place through the minimal nicotine intervention and, if necessary, pharmacological therapy. Another thing is the control of other risk factors, i. e. the appropriate treatment of dyslipidemia (the primary target is LDL cholesterol <1.8 mmol/l or reduction by ≥ 50%, if the initial concentration is between 1.8 and 3.5 mmol/l, treatment hypertension (target arterial pressure for most people aged 18–65 is in the range: 120–130/70–79 mmHg, if it is well tolerated, while for older people it is in the range: 130–139/70–79mmHg, if it is well tolerated), optimal diabetes therapy (target glycated hemoglobin <7%) and appropriate antiplatelet therapy (in most patients double antiplatelet therapy is recommended for 12 months after acute coronary syndrome). These activities lead to a significant improvement in quality of life and a decrease in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The Innate Immune cGAS-STING-Pathway in Cardiovascular Diseases – A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Rech ◽  
Peter P. Rainer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dna Sensor ◽  
Sting Pathway

Inflammation plays a central role in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). One pathway under investigation is the innate immune DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream receptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING). cGAS-STING upregulates type I interferons in response to pathogens. Recent studies show that also self-DNA may activate cGAS-STING, for instance, DNA released from nuclei or mitochondria during obesity or myocardial infarction. Here, we focus on emerging evidence describing the interaction of cGAS-STING with cardiovascular risk factors and disease. We also touch on translational therapeutic opportunities and potential further investigations.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY IN COPPER PRODUCTION WORKERS EXPOSED TO HEAVY METALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
L. N. Budkar ◽  
V. B. Gurvich ◽  
Elena A. Karpova ◽  
K. S. Kudrina ◽  
T. Yu. Obukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of occupational hazards in the CVD prevalence remains to be clarified. Material and methods. Here we report the results of the study of risk factors and CVD prevalence in 590 workers at the largest copper production plants in the Sverdlovsk region, exposed to heavy metals in the workplace. The workers` health information was obtained during a regular medical examination in 2018. The lead concentration increase to 1.3-1.8 occupational exposure limits was registered in the working areas of the concentrating mill (for bunkerman) and copper smelting workshops (transporter, smelter, converter, non-ferrous metal spreader, repairman, electrician). Results. We studied the exposure indices (Pb level in blood), the response markers (reticulocyte count, erythrocytes basophilic stippling, coproporphyrin, and aminolevulinic acid in the urine), and their correlation to a working tenure. Based on this analysis, we attributed CVD risk factors and cardiovascular diseases to the occupation, in order to potentially modify some of those risk factors and ultimately inform the risk management. Hypertension occurred in 57% of the examined workers, which is higher than in the general population. We calculated relative risk, confidence intervals and attributable fraction. We developed a predictive mathematical model (stepwise logistic regression) to predict high-stage hypertension and identified the risk factors associated with its development. Conclusions. Correlation analysis revealed direct correlations between stages 2 and 3 hypertension and a working tenure over 20 years. We think it’s reasonable to consider the documented CVDs as related to the toxic effects of heavy metals (lead and cadmium).

scholarly journals Clinical profile of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Govinda Adhikari ◽  
Dilip Baral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Clinical Profile

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally. Cardiovascular diseases have emerged as a major health burden in developing countries. Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined by the demonstration of myocardial cell necrosis due to significant and sustained ischaemia. Author attempted to study the risk factors and clinical profile of patients with MI admitted in Cardiology Department of tertiary care center, Chitwan, Nepal.Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted in College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (CMS-TH), Chitwan, Nepal, from January 2016 to November 2017. Demographic features, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical presentation, Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, regions of infarction and rhythm disturbances were studied and documented.Results: A total of 132 patients diagnosed with MI were studied. Most of the patients (90.15%) had ST-elevation MI (STEMI). The patients were predominantly male (87%). The majority of patients lied in the age group of 61-70 yrs (29.54%). The most common presenting symptom was chest pain (86.36%) followed by shortness of breath (42.42%) and vomiting (12.87%). Tobacco smoking/chewing (62.87%) was the major risk factor followed by hypertension (43.18%) and diabetes (34.09%). Majority of infarction occurred on anterior wall (52.94%). Most of the patients (90.90%) had normal sinus rhythm on ECG. On arrival to emergency department eight (6.06%) patients had cardiogenic shock and only one had congestive cardiac failure.Conclusions: STEMI was most common type of MI presenting to CMS-TH. Most of the patients were male and the most common risk factor contributing to MI was cigarette smoking. Most of the patients arrived more than 24 hours after onset of symptom.

Epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1213-1218
Author(s):  
Héctor Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Coronary Events

Cardiovascular diseases cause approximately one-third of all deaths in the world, of which 7.5 million deaths are estimated to be due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and sudden death cause most IHD-related deaths, which represent 1.8 million deaths per year. The incidence of IHD in general, and of ACS, increases with age although, on average, this occurs 7–10 years earlier in men compared with women. ACS occurs far more often in men than in women below the age of 60 years but women represent the majority of patients over 75 years of age. The risk of acute coronary events in life is related to the exposure to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This can be estimated using risk scores, such as the European Society of Cardiology SCORE system. Huge differences within European and world regions can be found in the incidence and prevalence of IHD and ACS as well as in case fatality rates. However, information on the incidence of ACS is still limited for Europe. While the incidence of non ST-segment elevation ACS has remained relatively stable, the incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction has suffered a significant decrease in recent years. Furthermore, the majority of European countries experienced substantial decreases in age-standardized death rates for cardiovascular diseases and IHD in the last decades, particularly for myocardial infarction. This is the consequence of the improvement in cardiovascular prevention and ACS treatment but this trend may be reverting due to population ageing and the increase in some risk factors.

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