scholarly journals The expression of RIPK3 is associated with cell turnover of gastric mucosa in the mouse and human stomach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglin Cui ◽  
Yaobo Yuan ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractNecroptosis is a novel manner of programmed cell death and important for tissue development, homeostasis, damage, and repair. Activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a key member of receptor-interacting protein family in contributing significantly to necroptosis, in tissues is a hallmark of cells dying by necroptosis. However, there are few studies that examine the expression of RIPK3 in the glandular cells of stomachs under physiological condition. We have therefore conducted this study to immunohistochemically characterize the key element of necroptosis, RIPK3, in the mouse and human stomach. Results showed that RIPK3 positive cells could be observed in the surface mucosal cells, granular cells, and lamina propria cells in both mouse and human stomach tissues. Ratios of PCNA/RIPK3 positive cells in the glandular cells were ~ 2.1 in mouse and ~ 4.15 in human sections respectively. Morphological and double immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that these RIPK3 positive cells were mucous, parietal and lamina propria cells. Our results indicate that the expression of RIPK3 in different cell types might contribute to cell turnover of gastric mucosa in the mouse and human stomach under physiological condition.

scholarly journals The Impact of Stem Cells on Dentistry – A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 060-065
Author(s):  
Marry Singla ◽  
Vinay Dua ◽  
A Reddy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Craniofacial Defects ◽  
Biochemical Signals ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecent studies suggest that Stem Cells being used for a number of regenerative diseases. Stem cells can self-renew and produce different cell types, thus providing new strategies to regenerate missing tissues and treat diseases. In the field of dentistry, adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified in several oral tissues, which suggests that the oral tissues are a rich source of stem cells, and oral stem and mucosal cells are expected to provide an ideal source for genetically reprogrammed cells such as induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells. Furthermore, oral tissues are expected to be not only a source but also a therapeutic target for stem cells, as stem cell and tissue engineering therapies in dentistry continue to attract increasing clinical interest. With appropriate biochemical signals stem cells can be transformed into desirable cells. The idea behind this article is to shortly review the obtained literature on stem cell with respect to their properties, types and advantages of dental stem cells. Emphasis has been given to the possibilities of stem cell therapy including regeneration of tooth and craniofacial defects.

Analysis of Cellular Location and Concentration in Vocal Fold Lamina Propria

1998 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Catten ◽  
Steven D. Gray ◽  
Thomas H. Hammond ◽  
Ruixia Zhou ◽  
Elizabeth Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Different Cell Types

Studies have shown that the lamina propria plays an important role in voice production. Recent studies have analyzed the presence of different proteins and quantified their extent in the lamina propria, but no similar study has yet been done on cellular makeup. The distribution of three different cell types in the lamina propria of 22 human vocal folds was studied. These types are fibroblasts, macrophages, and myofibroblasts. The roles of these cells in the extracellular matrix are described. Their distribution was quantified with use of an image-analysis system. We arbitrarily divided the lamina propria into five sections (each representing 20% of the lamina propria) and compared cell numbers among these sections. Gender comparisons were also made. From these studies it is evident that the cellular distribution in the lamina propria is not uniform. Fibroblasts were more abundant in the deepest 20% of the lamina propria ( p < 0.008), myofibroblasts were more abundant in the most superficial 20% ( p < 0.016), and in the 36% of our samples that contained macrophages in the lamina propria, there was a significantly higher number of macrophages in the first 20% of the lamina propria ( p < 0.003). The only significant gender difference was that women had twice as many macrophages in the most superficial 20% of the lamina propria as men ( p < 0.05). The higher myofibroblast activity in the first 20% could indicate that the superficial layer is a region of constant repair. The increased number of macrophages in the superficial layer likely indicates an inflammatory response to inhalants (because of the role of macrophages in the inflammatory response and the fact that only 36% of the patients showed any macrophage activity at all). (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:663-7.)

scholarly journals ACE2 and Furin Expressions in Oral Epithelial Cells Possibly Facilitate COVID-19 Infection via Respiratory and Fecal–Oral Routes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhong ◽  
Bingpeng Lin ◽  
Janak L. Pathak ◽  
Hongbin Gao ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Epithelial Layers ◽  
Different Cell Types

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly transfers from human to human via respiratory and gastrointestinal routes. The S-glycoprotein in the virus is the key factor for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell, which contains two functional domains: S1 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor binding domain, and S2 is necessary for fusion of the coronavirus and cell membranes. Moreover, it has been reported that ACE2 is likely to be the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, mRNA level expression of Furin enzyme and ACE2 receptor had been reported in airway epithelia, cardiac tissue, and enteric canals. However, the expression patterns of ACE2 and Furin in different cell types of oral tissues are still unclear.Methods: In order to investigate the potential infective channel of the new coronavirus via the oropharyngeal cavity, we analyze the expression of ACE2 and Furin in human oral mucosa using the public single-cell sequence datasets. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was performed in mucosal tissue from different oral anatomical sites to confirm the expression of ACE2 and Furin at the protein level.Results: The bioinformatics results indicated the differential expression of ACE2 and Furin on epithelial cells from different oral anatomical sites. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that both the ACE2-positive and Furin-positive cells in the target tissues were mainly positioned in the epithelial layers, partly expressed in fibroblasts, further confirming the bioinformatics results.Conclusions: Based on these findings, we speculated that SARS-CoV-2 could invade oral mucosal cells through two possible routes: binding to the ACE2 receptor and fusion with cell membrane activated by Furin protease. Our results indicated that oral mucosa tissues are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 that could facilitate COVID-19 infection via respiratory and fecal–oral routes.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

Ultrastructure Research of the Gastritis from Returning Bile

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Shaopeng Hu ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Huei Chen ◽  
Fei Cu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Ultrastructural Change ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gastritis from returning bile is a common disease, but the reason for the disease is not clear. As the pathologic ultrastructure research progresses, it has drawn attention to the ultrastructural change of cells in gastric mucosa by clinical workers. We observed gastric mucosa tissues of 15 patients suffering from gastritis with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is the first report in China that fungus exists in the lamina propria of gastric mucosa tissue. The result is as follows.The gastric mucosa tissues of 15 patients suffering from gastritis were acquired by stomachoscopy. Both TEM and SEM specimens were prepared by the usual methods. Under the TEM, the epithelial surface became higher and larger. Mitochondria of the cells were swollen and cristae were disrupted. There were vacuoles in the cells. The nucleus showed disorder, heterochromatin became darker, and nucleolae could be observed.

Processing and Characterization of Recombinant von Willebrand Factor Expressed in Different Cell Types Using a Vaccinia Virus Vector

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Meulien ◽  
M Nishino ◽  
C Mazurier ◽  
K Dott ◽  
G Piétu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryThe cloning of the cDNA encoding von Willebrand factor (vWF) has revealed that it is synthesized as a large precursor (pre-pro-vWF) molecule and it is now clear that the prosequence or vWAgll is responsible for the intracellular multimerization of vWF. We have cloned the complete vWF cDNA and expressed it using a recombinant vaccinia virus as vector. We have characterized the structure and function of the recombinant vWF (rvWF) secreted from five different cell types: baby hamster kidney (BHK), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), human fibroblasts (143B), mouse fibroblasts (L) and primary embryonic chicken cells. Forty-eight hours after infection, the quantity of vWF antigen found in the cell supernatant varied from 3 to 12 U/dl depending on the cell type. By SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis, the percentage of high molecular weight forms of vWF varied from 39 to 49% relative to normal plasma for BHK, CHO, 143B and chicken cells but was less than 10% for L cells. In all cell types, the two anodic subbands of each multimer were missing. The two cathodic subbands were easily detected only in BHK and L cells. By SDS-PAGE of reduced samples, pro-vWF was present in similar quantity to the fully processed vWF subunit in L cells, present in moderate amounts in BHK and CHO and in very low amounts in 143B and chicken cells. rvWF from all cells bound to collagen and to platelets in the presence of ristocetin, the latter showing a high correlation between binding efficiency and degree of multimerization. rvWF from all cells was also shown to bind to purified FVIII and in this case binding appeared to be independent of the degree of multimerization. We conclude that whereas vWF is naturally synthesized only by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, it can be expressed in a biologically active form from various other cell types.

Role of Transcriptional Read-Through in PRE Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Elizar’ev ◽  
D. V. Lomaev ◽  
D. A. Chetverina ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
M. M. Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transcription Terminator ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Polycomb Response Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Main Factor

Maintenance of the individual patterns of gene expression in different cell types is required for the differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Expression of many genes is controlled by Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins that act through association with chromatin. PcG/TrxG are assembled on the DNA sequences termed PREs (Polycomb Response Elements), the activity of which can be modulated and switched from repression to activation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of transcriptional read-through on PRE activity switch mediated by the yeast activator GAL4. We show that a transcription terminator inserted between the promoter and PRE doesnt prevent switching of PRE activity from repression to activation. We demonstrate that, independently of PRE orientation, high levels of transcription fail to dislodge PcG/TrxG proteins from PRE in the absence of a terminator. Thus, transcription is not the main factor required for PRE activity switch.

MAPK: A Key Player in the Development and Progression of Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Yangmin Zheng ◽  
Ziping Han ◽  
Haiping Zhao ◽  
Yumin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathway ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Different Cell Types

Conclusion: Stroke is a complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, and its etiological mechanism has not been fully clarified yet, which brings great challenges to its effective prevention and treatment. MAPK signaling pathway regulates gene expression of eukaryotic cells and basic cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, metabolism and apoptosis, which are considered as therapeutic targets for many diseases. Up to now, mounting evidence has shown that MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis and development of ischemic stroke. However, the upstream kinase and downstream kinase of MAPK signaling pathway are complex and the influencing factors are numerous, the exact role of MAPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke has not been fully elucidated. MAPK signaling molecules in different cell types in the brain respond variously after stroke injury, therefore, the present review article is committed to summarizing the pathological process of different cell types participating in stroke, discussed the mechanism of MAPK participating in stroke. We further elucidated that MAPK signaling pathway molecules can be used as therapeutic targets for stroke, thus promoting the prevention and treatment of stroke.

scholarly journals Special Issue: “Bacteriophages and Biofilms”

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa ◽  
Barbara Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Different Cell Types

Biofilms are a community of surface-associated microorganisms characterized by the presence of different cell types in terms of physiology and phenotype [...]

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