scholarly journals Rapid indicators for monitoring the health of Chlamydomonas nivalis biomass during preservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bemejo-Padilla ◽  
H. Kinsou ◽  
R. Filali ◽  
B. Perez-Bibbins ◽  
B. Taidi
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Culture Viability ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Photosynthetic Microorganisms

AbstractMicroalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that have increasingly attracted interest in the last decade due to their potential for industrial applications. One crucial aspect for the industrial-scale valorisation of algae biomass concerns the quality control during its preservation before being treated to obtain the end-product. Monitoring biomass quality is essential and can be potentially accomplished with the aid of specific biochemical indicators called biomarkers. In this context, the main aim of this work was to identify potential indicators of microalgae biomass viability that could be used as markers of its quality during storage/preservation for commercial operations. The health status of a suspension of Chlamydomonas nivalis was assessed at 4 ºC and 25 ºC during 10 days of storage. The use of the pulse-amplitude-modulation technique, based on chlorophyll fluorescence, was a valuable indicator of the culture viability. The measurement of DNA and of chlorophyll in the supernatant, indicative of cell lysis, also provided satisfactory results; in the case of the DNA, the limit of detection was 3.9 µg DNA·mL−1. The effect of different concentrations of a well-known and cheap preservative, acetic acid, was also evaluated at 4 ºC. This work identified three suitable biomarkers to be used as rapid indicators of the quality of the microalgal suspension prior to its reception for biorefinery activities.

MANUFACTURING GASEOUS PRODUCTS BY PYROLYSIS MICROALGAE BIOMASS

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
N. I. Chernova ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva ◽  
O. M. Larina ◽  
G. A. Sytchev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid ◽  
Pyrolysis Gases

Algae biomass is considered as an alternative raw material for the production of biofuels. The search for new types of raw materials, including high-energy types of microalgae, remains relevant, since the share of motor fuels in the structure of the global fuel and energy balance remains consistently high (about 35%), and the price of oil is characterized by high volatility. The authors have considered the advantages of microalgae as sources of raw materials for fuel production. Biochemical and thermochemical conversion are proposed as technologies for their processing. This paper presents the results of the study of the pyrolysis of the biomass of clonal culture of blue-green microalgae / cyanobacteriumArthrospira platensis rsemsu 1/02-Pfrom the collection of the Research Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. An experiment to study the process of pyrolysis of microalgae biomass was carried out at the experimental facility of the Institute of High Temperatures RAS in pure nitrogen grade 6.0 to create an oxygen-free environment with a linear heating rate of 10 ºС / min from room temperature to 1000 ºС. The whole process of pyrolysis proceeded in the field of endothermy. The specific amounts of solid residue, pyrolysis liquid and gaseous products were experimentally determined. As a result of the pyrolysis of microalgae biomass weighing 15 g, the following products were obtained: 1) coal has the mass of the solid residue is 2.68 g, or 17.7% of the initial mass of the microalgae (while 9.3% of the initial mass of the microalgae remained in the reactor); 2) pyrolysis liquid – weight 3.3 g, or 21.9% of the initial weight; 3) non-condensable pyrolysis gases – weight 1.15 l. The specific volumetric gas yield (the amount of gas released from 1 kg of the starting material) was 0.076 Nm3/ kg. The analysis of the composition and specific volume yield of non-condensable pyrolysis gases formed in the process of pyrolysis, depending on temperature. It is shown that with increasing temperature, the proportion of highcalorie components of the gas mixture (hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide) increases. The calorific value of the mixture of these gases has been estimated.

scholarly journals Smoothing additive manufactured parts using ns-pulsed laser radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kuisat ◽  
Fernando Lasagni ◽  
Andrés Fabián Lasagni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Pulsed Laser Radiation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt is well known that the surface topography of a part can affect its mechanical performance, which is typical in additive manufacturing. In this context, we report about the surface modification of additive manufactured components made of Titanium 64 (Ti64) and Scalmalloy®, using a pulsed laser, with the aim of reducing their surface roughness. In our experiments, a nanosecond-pulsed infrared laser source with variable pulse durations between 8 and 200 ns was applied. The impact of varying a large number of parameters on the surface quality of the smoothed areas was investigated. The results demonstrated a reduction of surface roughness Sa by more than 80% for Titanium 64 and by 65% for Scalmalloy® samples. This allows to extend the applicability of additive manufactured components beyond the current state of the art and break new ground for the application in various industrial applications such as in aerospace.

scholarly journals Inverted p-down Design for High-Speed Photodetectors

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nada ◽  
Fumito Nakajima ◽  
Toshihide Yoshimatsu ◽  
Yasuhiko Nakanishi ◽  
Atsushi Kanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Coupling ◽  
Pin Photodiodes

We discuss the structural consideration of high-speed photodetectors used for optical communications, focusing on vertical illumination photodetectors suitable for device fabrication and optical coupling. We fabricate an avalanche photodiode that can handle 100-Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (50 Gbaud) signals, and pin photodiodes for 100-Gbaud operation; both are fabricated with our unique inverted p-side down (p-down) design.

scholarly journals Replicating the complexity of natural surfaces: technique validation and applications for biomimetics, ecology and evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2138) ◽  
pp. 20180265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charchit Kumar ◽  
Alejandro Palacios ◽  
Venkata A. Surapaneni ◽  
Georg Bold ◽  
Marc Thielen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Cross Covariance ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Structural Aspects

The surfaces of animals, plants and abiotic structures are not only important for organismal survival, but they have also inspired countless biomimetic and industrial applications. Additionally, the surfaces of animals and plants exhibit an unprecedented level of diversity, and animals often move on the surface of plants. Replicating these surfaces offers a number of advantages, such as preserving a surface that is likely to degrade over time, controlling for non-structural aspects of surfaces, such as compliance and chemistry, and being able to produce large areas of a small surface. In this paper, we compare three replication techniques among a number of species of plants, a technical surface and a rock. We then use two model parameters (cross-covariance function ratio and relative topography difference) to develop a unique method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the replication. Finally, we outline future directions that can employ highly accurate surface replications, including ecological and evolutionary studies, biomechanical experiments, industrial applications and improving haptic properties of bioinspired surfaces. The recent advances associated with surface replication and imaging technology have formed a foundation on which to incorporate surface information into biological sciences and to improve industrial and biomimetic applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

scholarly journals Differential pulse-amplitude modulation signalling for free-space optical communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Dabiri ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Sajad Sadough ◽  
Mohammad Ali Khalighi
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Free Space Optical

Thermoelectrical properties of graphene knife-coated cellulosic fabrics for defect monitoring in Joule-heated textiles

2022 ◽  
pp. 152808372110569
Author(s):  
Tamara Ruiz-Calleja ◽  
Rocío Calderón-Villajos ◽  
Marilés Bonet-Aracil ◽  
Eva Bou-Belda ◽  
Jaime Gisbert-Payá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Voltage Application ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Conductive Particles

Knife-coating can confer new properties on different textile substrates efficiently by integrating various compounds into the coating paste. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) is one of the most used elements for the functionalization of fabrics in recent years, providing electrical and thermal conductivity to fabrics, later used to develop products such as sensors or heated garments. This paper reports thermoelectrically conductive textiles fabrication through knife-coating of cellulosic fabrics with a GNP load from 0.4 to 2 wt% within an acrylic coating paste. The fabric doped with the highest GNP content reaches a temperature increase of 100°C in few seconds. Besides, it is found out that the thermographic images obtained during the electrical voltage application provide maps of irregularities in the dispersion of conductive particles of the coating and defects produced throughout their useful life. Therefore, the application of a low voltage on the coated fabrics allows fast and effective heating by Joule’s effect, whose thermographic images, in turn, can be used as structural maps to check the quality of the GNP doped coating. The temperature values and the heating rate obtained make these fabrics suitable for heating devices, anti-ice and de-ice systems, and protective equipment, which would be of great interest for industrial applications.

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