The Role of Emotional Regulation in Anxiety and Depression Symptom Interplay and Expression among Adolescent Females

AbstractDepression and anxiety are highly comorbid constructs. However little is known about the mechanisms that underpin this comorbidity/connectivity or the divergence between constructs that seems to occur in adolescence. The current study targeted emotion regulation (ER) as a potential plausible mechanism for explaining how anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence might begin to connect, perpetuate, and ultimately diverge from one another. Using data from a cross-sectional school-based study, of adolescent females (age 11–18 years; N = 615; majority were white (97.7%)), we modelled variation in ER using latent profile analysis. Then, using network analysis (NA), we generated separate depression-anxiety symptom networks for adolescents at varying levels of ER. Three latent classes of ER were identified (low ER 15%, intermediate ER 34%, high ER 51%). The results of the network comparison test found no significant differences in global strength between the ‘low ER’ and the ‘intermediate ER’ ability network. This study is among the first to attempt to model change in depression-anxiety symptom connectivity in adolescence in relation to a common contextual/risk factor. The current study therefore offers a unique contribution to the examination of the role of transdiagnostic factors in the study of adolescent depression and anxiety from a network perspective, and provides a promising framework for the study of ER among anxiety and depression symptomatology in adolescence.

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The moderating role of anxiety sensitivity in the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms among clinically anxious children

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.1177/2043808718791049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 204380871879104

Author(s):

Andres G. Viana ◽

Emma C. Woodward ◽

Abigail E. Hanna ◽

Elizabeth M. Raines ◽

Candice A. Alfano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Future Research ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Anxiety Depression

The co-occurrence between anxiety and depression symptoms among children with anxiety disorders is well-known, yet there is considerable heterogeneity in terms of explanatory factors. Although cognitive–affective processes have been hypothesized to play a prominent role, surprisingly, no research to date has examined the role of anxiety sensitivity in this co-occurrence. The present investigation examined the role of anxiety sensitivity in the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms among clinically anxious children. We expected that anxiety sensitivity would moderate the co-occurrence between anxiety and depression symptoms, such that higher anxiety would be related to higher depression among boys and girls with high (but not low) anxiety sensitivity. Participants ( N = 44, age range = 8–12 years; 52% female; 52% African American) were interviewed with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-IV: Children and Parent Versions and completed self-report measures of anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and depression symptom severity. Controlling for child age, moderation analyses revealed that higher anxiety was related to higher depression only among girls with high anxiety sensitivity. Among girls with low anxiety sensitivity, the relation between anxiety and depression symptoms was not significant. Anxiety and depression symptoms were strongly correlated among clinically anxious boys irrespective of their levels of anxiety sensitivity. Anxiety sensitivity is an important factor related to anxiety–depression symptom co-occurrence among clinically anxious females in particular. Targeted interventions focused on anxiety sensitivity reduction may prove useful for reducing anxiety–depression symptom co-occurrence among clinically anxious girls. Future research should explore additional moderators that may explain the high correlation between anxiety and depressive symptoms observed among clinically anxious boys.

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Increases in Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19: A Large Longitudinal Study From China

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shizhen Wu ◽

Keshun Zhang ◽

Elizabeth J. Parks-Stamm ◽

Zhonghui Hu ◽

Yaqi Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Self Rating ◽

Development Of Students

Although accumulating evidence suggests the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with costs in mental health, the development of students' mental health, including the change from their previous levels of depression and anxiety and the factors associated with this change, has not been well-studied. The present study investigates changes in students' anxiety and depression from before the pandemic to during the lockdown and identifies factors that are associated with these changes. 14,769 university students participated in a longitudinal study with two time points with a 6-month interval. Students completed the Anxiety and Depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) before the COVID-19 outbreak (October 2020, Time 1), and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) during the pandemic (April 2020, Time 2). The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms were 1.44 and 1.46% at Time 1, and 4.06 and 22.09% at Time 2, respectively, showing a 181.94% increase in anxiety and a 1413.01% increase in depression. Furthermore, the increases in anxiety and depression from pre-pandemic levels were associated with students' gender and the severity of the pandemic in the province where they resided. This study contributes to the gap in knowledge regarding changes in students' mental health in response to the pandemic and the role of local factors in these changes. Implications for gender and the Typhoon Eye effect are discussed.

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Prevalence trends of depression and anxiety symptoms in adults with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes 1995–2019: The HUNT studies, Norway

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00636-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ivana Bojanić ◽

Erik R. Sund ◽

Hege Sletvold ◽

Ottar Bjerkeset

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Anxiety Symptom ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Health Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Symptom Prevalence ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common in adults with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The literature on depression and anxiety in CVDs and DM populations is extensive; however, studies examining these relationships over time, directly compared to adults without these conditions, are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate trends in depression and anxiety symptom prevalence over more than 20 years in adults with CVDs and DM compared to the general population. Methods We used data from the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway, including adults (≥ 20 years) from three waves; the HUNT2 (1995–97; n = 65,228), HUNT3 (2006–08; n = 50,800) and HUNT4 (2017–19; n = 56,042). Depressive and anxiety symptom prevalence was measured independently by the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions scale (HADS) in sex-stratified samples. We analyzed associations of these common psychological symptoms with CVDs and DM over time using multi-level random-effects models, accounting for repeated measurements and individual variation. Results Overall, the CVDs groups reported higher levels of depression than those free of CVDs in all waves of the study. Further, depressive and anxiety symptom prevalence in adults with and without CVDs and DM declined from HUNT2 to HUNT4, whereas women reported more anxiety than men. Positive associations of depression and anxiety symptoms with CVDs and DM in HUNT2 declined over time. However, associations of CVDs with depression symptoms remained over time in men. Moreover, in women, DM was associated with increased depression symptom risk in HUNT2 and HUNT4. Conclusions Depression and anxiety symptoms are frequent in adults with CVDs. Further, our time trend analysis indicates that anxiety and depression are differentially related to CVDs and DM and sex. This study highlights the importance of awareness and management of psychological symptoms in CVDs and DM populations.

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Investigation of the role of anxiety and depression on the formation of phantom vibration and ringing syndrome induced by working stress during medical internship (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16705 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Hsuan Lin ◽

Kuan-I Lin ◽

Yuan-Chien Pan ◽

Sheng-Hsuan Lin

Keyword(s):

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Work Related ◽

Working Stress ◽

Causal Mediation Analysis ◽

Accompanying Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND Phantom vibrations syndrome (PVS) and phantom ringing syndrome (PRS) are prevalent hallucinations during medical internship. Depression and anxiety are probably understudied risk factors of PVS and PRS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety and depression on the relationship between working stress during medical internship and PVS and PRS. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study of 74 medical interns was carried out using repeated investigations of the severity of phantom vibrations and ringing, as well as accompanying symptoms of anxiety and depression as measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory before, at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month during internship, and 2 weeks after internship. We conducted a causal mediation analysis to investigate the role of depression and anxiety in the mechanism of working stress during medical internship inducing PVS and PRS. RESULTS The results showed that depression explained 21.9% and 8.4% for stress-induced PRS and PVS, respectively. In addition, anxiety explained 15.0% and 7.8% for stress-induced PRS and PVS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed both depression and anxiety can explain a portion of stress-induced PVS and PRS during medical internship and might be more important in clinical practice and benefit to prevention of work-related burnout.

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Childhood Material Hardship and Adolescent Mental Health

Youth & Society ◽

10.1177/0044118x211001896 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0044118X2110018

Author(s):

Chrisse Edmunds ◽

Melissa Alcaraz

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Adolescent Mental Health ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Fragile Families ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Material Hardship ◽

Critical Age ◽

The Relationship

Adolescent mental health has implications for current and future wellbeing. While a link exists between poverty and mental health, little is known about how experiencing material hardship, such as insecurity of food, housing, utilities, and medical care, throughout early childhood affects adolescent mental health. We examine the relationship between material hardship in childhood and adolescent mental health. We use Poisson regression to examine the effect of material hardship experienced at different stages of childhood on adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes at age 15. We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,222). We find that recently experiencing material hardship during childhood is positively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms at age 15, even when controlling for material hardship at age 15. Additionally, we find that insecurity during mid-childhood and the stress of lacking basic needs during a critical age may influence mental health in adolescence.

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Who benefits most from an evidence-based program to reduce anxiety and depression in children? A latent profile analysis

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579421000249 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Silvia Melero ◽

Alexandra Morales ◽

Samuel Tomczyk ◽

José Pedro Espada ◽

Mireia Orgilés

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Target Population ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Older Children ◽

Transition Analysis ◽

Over Time

Abstract Comorbidity between anxiety and depression symptoms is often high in children. Person-oriented statistical approaches are useful to detect heterogeneity of individuals and diverse patterns of response to treatment. This study aimed to explore the different profiles in a sample of Spanish children who received the Super Skills for Life (SSL) transdiagnostic program, to identify which profile of individuals benefited most from the intervention and the likelihood of transition of symptom patterns over time. Participants were 119 children (42.9% were female) aged 8–12 years old (M = 9.39; SD = 1.26). Children completed anxiety and depression measures at the baseline, postintervention, and 12-months follow-up. Results from latent transition analysis (LTA) revealed two groups depending on the severity of the anxiety and depression symptoms: low symptoms (LS) and high symptoms (HS). LS group remained stable and HS decreased by 25%, switching to the LS group. Children with greater social anxiety benefited most from the program over time. Furthermore, older children were more likely to improve rapidly one year after the intervention compared to younger children. This study provides information to consider when implementing preventive interventions for schoolchildren and to tailor them according to the target population characteristics to increase their effectiveness.

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The characteristics of anxiety and depression symptom severity in older adults living in public housing

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610211001979 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 614-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adam Simning ◽

Yeates Conwell ◽

Susan G. Fisher ◽

Thomas M. Richardson ◽

Edwin van Wijngaarden

Keyword(s):

Public Housing ◽

Older Adult ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Regression Models ◽

Late Life ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

The Social ◽

Public Housing Residents

ABSTRACTBackground:Anxiety and depression are common in older adult public housing residents and frequently co-occur. To understand anxiety and depression more fully in this socioeconomically disadvantaged population, this study relies on the Social Antecedent Model of Psychopathology to characterize anxiety and depression symptoms concurrently.Methods:190 public housing residents aged 60 years and older in Rochester, New York, participated in a research interview during which they reported on variables across the six stages of the Social Antecedent Model. GAD-7 and PHQ-9 assessed anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively.Results:In these older adult residents, anxiety and depression symptom severity scores were correlated (r = 0.61; p < 0.001). Correlates of anxiety and depression symptom severity were similar for both outcomes and spanned the six stages of the Social Antecedent Model. Multivariate linear regression models identified age, medical comorbidity, mobility, social support, maladaptive coping, and recent life events severity as statistically significant correlates. The regression models accounted for 43% of anxiety and 48% of depression symptom variability.Conclusions:In public housing residents, late-life anxiety and depression symptoms were moderately correlated. Anxiety symptom severity correlates were largely consistent with those found for depression symptom severity. The broad distribution of correlates across demographic, social, medical, and behavioral domains suggests that the context of late-life anxiety and depression symptomatology in public housing is complex and that multidisciplinary collaborative care approaches may be warranted in future interventions.

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Correlations of social isolation and anxiety and depression symptoms among patients with breast cancer of Heilongjiang province in China: The mediating role of social support

Nursing Open ◽

10.1002/nop2.876 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bingshuo Liu ◽

Xinyu Wu ◽

Lei Shi ◽

Han Li ◽

Di Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Social Support ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Heilongjiang Province ◽

Mediating Role

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Investigation of the role of anxiety and depression on the formation of phantom vibration and ringing syndrome caused by working stress during medical internship (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23858 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Hsuan Lin ◽

Kuan-I Lin ◽

Yuan-Chien Pan ◽

Sheng-Hsuan Lin

Keyword(s):

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Work Related ◽

Working Stress ◽

Causal Mediation Analysis ◽

Accompanying Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Relationship

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The Developmental Role of Serotonin: A Comparison of Short- and Long-term Blockade of the Serotonin Transporter on Behavioural Outcomes in Adulthood

10.26686/wgtn.17149181.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Amy O'Connell

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Serotonin Transporter ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Significant Group ◽

Fluoxetine Treatment ◽

Short And Long Term

<p>Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that regulates a range of processes within the brain and is implicated in several psychiatric disorders. In addition, serotonin acts as a developmental signal during critical periods of prenatal development, influencing processes such as neuronal proliferation, migration, and synaptogenesis (Gaspar et al., 2003). The serotonin transporter (5- HTT) plays a key role in regulating extracellular serotonin levels and is the main target of selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of drugs that have anti-anxiety and anti- depressive activity. SSRIs cause an acute increase in extracellular serotonin and are commonly prescribed as a treatment for depression and anxiety during pregnancy (Tran & Robb, 2015). Given that these drugs alter serotonin transmission and can pass to the developing fetus via the placenta, it is vital that the outcomes of prenatal SSRI exposure are investigated. In humans, a genetic variant of the gene that codes for the 5-HTT (SLC6A4) has been linked to increased risk for developing depression and anxiety (Caspi et al., 2003). The functional consequences of this genetic polymorphism are life-long alterations in 5-HTT activity, resulting in increased extracellular levels of serotonin (Nakamura et al., 2000). Given prenatal SSRI exposure results in a time-locked blockade of 5-HTT during critical periods of development, it follows that alterations in serotonin during development might similarly result in enhanced risk for depression and anxiety later in life. Outcomes in children prenatally exposed to SSRIs are difficult to study due to confounds of pre- existing maternal depression. Therefore, the current thesis presents two experiments that aimed to further investigate the role of altered extracellular serotonin levels during development in an animal model. Experiment one aimed to develop a method of voluntary oral administration of the SSRI fluoxetine to pregnant rat dams. This method was then applied in experiment two to create a time-locked blockade of 5-HTT during critical periods of development in an animal model of life-long 5-HTT blockade. The aim of experiment two was to directly assess the contribution of short- and long-term 5-HTT blockade on anxiety and depression phenotypes in adult male offspring. In addition, maternal behaviour was assessed to determine whether fluoxetine treatment had an influence on mother-pup interactions that could confound results. To test for anxiety and depression phenotypes, the novel affective disorder test (ADT) was used to assess anxiety behaviour and the deficits in anticipatory pleasure indicative of anhedonia. In the current study, fluoxetine treatment did not have an effect on litter outcomes or mother-pup interactions. Crucially, no significant group differences were found indicating that neither short- nor long- term blockade of 5-HTT resulted in increased anxiety- or depressive-like behaviours in the current experiment. However, limitations with methodological design limit the translatability of these results to the broader literature, and validation of the ADT is required before these results can be generalised beyond this thesis.</p>

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