scholarly journals Determining calcium carbonate neutralization kinetics from experimental laboratory data

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2492-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fusi ◽  
Alessandro Monti ◽  
Mario Primicerio
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainty in Recommended, Generic Rock Kd Values used in Performance Assessment Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Crawford ◽  
Ivars Neretnieks ◽  
Luis Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Aleatory Uncertainty ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

ABSTRACTOver the past decade or so there has been an explosion in the number of sorption modelling approaches and applications of sorption modelling for understanding and predicting solute transport in natural systems. The most widely used and simplest of all models, however, is that employing a constant distribution coefficient (Kd) relating the sorbed concentration of a solute on a mineral surface and its aqueous concentration.There are a number of reasons why a constant partitioning coefficient is attractive to environmental modellers for predicting radionuclide retardation, and in spite of all the shortcomings and pitfalls associated with such an approach, it remains the leitmotif of most performance assessment transport modelling.This paper examines the scientific basis underpinning the Kd-approach and its broad defensibility in a performance assessment framework. It also examines sources of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty that undermine confidence in Kd-values reported in the open literature. The paper focuses particularly upon the use of so-called “generic” data for generalised rock types that may not necessarily capture the full material property characteristics of site-specific materials.From the examination of recent literature data, it appears that there are still a number of outstanding issues concerning interpretation of experimental laboratory data that need to be considered in greater detail before concluding that the recommended values used in performance assessments are indeed conservative.

Calcium Use Increases Risk of Calciphylaxis: A Case-Control Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Zacharias ◽  
Bunny Fontaine ◽  
Adrian Fine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the development of calciphylaxis in renal failure, a poorly understood and often fatal condition characterized by calcium deposition in tissues. Design Retrospective case-control study. Setting University hospital peritoneal dialysis center. Patients Eight continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with calciphylaxis were identified in a 3-year period. We matched up to five controls for dialysis modality and length of time on dialysis with each case. Statistics Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis for matched case-controls. Main Outcome Measures Laboratory data and demographics were collected as well as cumulative calcium and vitamin D ingestion over the year prior to disease onset. Results All the patients were female, versus only 38% (14/37) of controls ( p < 0.0001). While not statistically significant, a majority of the patients were diabetic [62.5% (5/8) vs 32% (12/37)]. Peak and average levels of serum calcium, phosphate, calcium x phosphate product, parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin were not significantly different in cases compared with controls. The use of calcitriol alone or with calcium carbonate was not found to be a significant risk factor for the development of calciphylaxis. In a multivariate analysis, iron intake seemed to be protective, contrary to previous reports, while the use of calcium carbonate was associated with a strong trend to increased risk of calciphylaxis development (odds ratio = 1.029/g and 1.011/g calcium ingested per month, at 1 and 2 – 3 months prior to calciphylaxis development; p = 0.0556 and 0.0565, respectively). Conclusion These data, although limited by the small numbers of index cases, suggest that calcium ingestion is a risk factor for calciphylaxis. The increased use of calcium salts as a phosphate binder in recent years might explain the apparent increased incidence of calciphylaxis in our and other centers. The preponderance of female diabetics among cases reported elsewhere was confirmed in our study.

Gene expression profiling in CD34 cells to identify differences between aplastic anemia patients and healthy volunteers

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Zeng ◽  
Guibin Chen ◽  
Sachiko Kajigaya ◽  
Olga Nunez ◽  
Alexandra Charrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract An immune pathophysiology for acquired aplastic anemia (AA) has been inferred from the responsiveness of the patients to immunosuppressive therapies and experimental laboratory data. To address the transcriptome of hematopoietic cells in AA, we undertook GeneChip analysis of the extremely limited numbers of progenitor and stem cells in the marrow of patients with this disease. We pooled total RNA from highly enriched bone marrow CD34 cells of 36 patients with newly diagnosed AA and 12 healthy volunteers for analysis on oligonucleotide chips. A large number of genes implicated in apoptosis and cell death showed markedly increased expression in AA CD34 cells, and negative proliferation control genes also had increased activity. Conversely, cell cycle progress–enhancing genes showed low expression in AA. Cytokine/chemokine signal transducer genes, stress response genes, and defense/immune response genes were up-regulated, as anticipated from other evidence of the heightened immune activity in AA patients' marrow. In summary, detailed genetic analysis of small numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells is feasible even in marrow failure states where such cells are present in very small numbers. The gene expression profile of primary human CD34 hematopoietic stem cells from AA was consistent with a stressed, dying, and immunologically activated target cell population. Many of the genes showing differential expression in AA deserve further detailed analysis, including comparison with other marrow failure states and autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals Immunology and Homeopathy. 2. Cells of the Immune System and Inflammation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellavite ◽  
Anita Conforti ◽  
Francesco Pontarollo ◽  
Riccardo Ortolani
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Models ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Insight Into

Here we describe the results of some experimental laboratory studies aimed at verifying the efficacy of high dilutions of substances and of homeopathic medicines in models of inflammation and immunity. Studies carried out on basophils, lymphocytes, granulocytes and fibroblasts are reviewed. This approach may help to test under controlled conditions the main principles of homeopathy such as ‘similarity’ of drug action at the cellular level and the effects of dilution/dynamization on the drug activity. The current situation is that few and rather small groups are working on laboratory models for homeopathy. Regarding the interpretation of data in view of the simile principle, we observe that there are different levels of similarity and that the laboratory data give support to this principle, but have not yet yielded the ultimate answer to the action mechanism of homeopathy. Evidence of the biological activityin vitroof highly diluted-dynamized solutions is slowly accumulating, with some conflicting reports. It is our hope that this review of literature unknown to most people will give an original and useful insight into the ‘state-of-the-art’ of homeopathy, without final conclusions ‘for’ or ‘against’ this modality. This kind of uncertainty may be difficult to accept, but is conceivably the most open-minded position now.

Autonomous Scour Monitoring of Bridges and Embankments Using Bio-Inspired Whisker Flow Sensor Arrays

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Swartz ◽  
Baibhav Rajbandari ◽  
Benjamin D. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Scour Holes ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Detection of damage to the boundary conditions of structures can be equally important as detection of structural damage. Civil structures sit on foundations which are, ideally, constant over time and are integral to collapse prevention. Any processes that compromise the foundations or the soil around them also constitutes damage to the structure. Bridge structures as well as embankments near roadways and viaducts can be particularly prone to this kind of attack when high-velocity water flows transport sediment away from the bridge foundation (scour). This process can be difficult to detect because 1) it happens out of sight, underwater; and 2) scour holes tend to grow and shrink at time progresses and materials are either carried away or deposited by the water. In this study, use of a buried-rod scour detection system based on magnetostrictive and magnetic flow sensor arrays is investigated. For buried-rod scour detection systems, an array of small, flexible, strain-sensitive rod sensors is distributed around the foundations which generate dynamic signals they are waterborne and static signals when buried. The pattern of static and dynamic signals reveals the depth of scour around the structure. Magnetostrictive sensors are appealing for this application due to their robustness. In this paper the effectiveness signal processing and scour detection algorithms are explored for water-coupled magnetostrictive whisker sensors of varying geometries to determine their sensitivity and the thresholds for false alarms and missed alert conditions at varying flow rates. Experimental laboratory data is utilized for this study.

Reliability and uncertainty quantification of the net section tension capacity of cold-formed steel angles with bolted connections considering shear lag

2020 ◽  
pp. 136943322097173
Author(s):  
Jéssica Ferreira Borges ◽  
Valdeir Francisco de Paula ◽  
Francisco Evangelista ◽  
Luciano Mendes Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Steel Members ◽  
Tension Member ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Steel Angles ◽  
Tension Capacity ◽  
Brazilian Standard

In cold-formed steel members under tension and connected with bolts, the resistance capacity of the net section should be calculated, taking into account the shear lag phenomenon. This is done through the net section reduction coefficient, Ct. Different Standards show different equations for Ct. In this work, experimental laboratory data of cold-formed steel angles from the authors are used for the evaluation of the accuracy of the predictions of the net section capacity of members under tension. Such predictions are given by the equations of AISI, Eurocode-3, Brazilian standard NBR 14762, and also by a predictive equation previously proposed by the authors. The paper shows how each equation predicts the tension member resistance capacity in front of the experimental data. Most of the equations in the design standards have good predictions when more sections of the steel angles are connected. The results show that the AISI standard presented the best resistance capacity prediction and lower standard deviations of the output response upon uncertainty.

Meta-Awareness of Dysregulated Emotional Attention

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liad Ruimi ◽  
Yuval Hadash ◽  
Ariel Zvielli ◽  
Iftach Amir ◽  
Pavel Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Related Drug ◽  
Emotional Attention ◽  
Do So

We explore the human capacity for and the function(s) of meta-awareness for biased attentional processing of emotional information (MAB) subserving mental (ill) health. We do so by integrating probe-caught sampling methods, signal detection theory, and multilevel modeling of cognitive-experimental laboratory data among daily smokers ( N = 75) known to exhibit biased attentional processing of reward-related (drug) cues in addiction. We found (a) evidence of the capacity for and individual differences in MAB; (b) that momentary MAB was most likely observed in the event of the most extreme micro-expressions of biased attentional processing; and (c) that momentary micro-expressions of biased attention without MAB were more likely followed by attentional dysregulation, whereas momentary micro-expressions of biased attention with MAB were more likely followed by more balanced attentional expression or greater attentional control. We discuss the implications for basic and clinical science of meta-awareness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential drug–drug interactions among patients with chronic kidney disease in northeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Roland N. Okoro
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) may not manifest clinically in patients who are treated with multiple pharmaceutical agents, but when they do they can produce adverse outcomes. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the frequent use of multiple agents to manage this condition and its complications puts these patients at increased risk for DDIs. We determined the prevalence of pDDIs in CKD patients in two Nigerian hospitals and investigated possible predictors of pDDIs. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients with CKD who attended the nephrology unit of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital and the medical outpatients clinic of the State Specialist Hospital in Maiduguri, Nigeria. We collected prescriptions, clinical data and laboratory data from the medical files of patients seen between January 2013 and December 2017. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: The study included 201 patients. A total of 273 pDDIs were identified in 166 patients (83%). These pDDIs included 30 unique drug interactions, the most common being between ferrous sulphate and calcium carbonate (seen in 46% of patients with pDDIs), followed by lisinopril and furosemide (8%). The proportion of clinically significant interactions was only 2%. There was a positive association between pDDIs and the total number of drugs prescribed (P < 0.001).Conclusions: A high prevalence of pDDIs was documented among Nigerian patients with CKD. The bulk of the interactions were related to the co-prescription of ferrous sulphate and calcium carbonate. The total number of drugs prescribed was a significant predictor of pDDIs. We recommend routine screening of prescriptions of CKD patients for potential pDDIs.

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