Microcellular chlorinated polyethylene (CM) rubber foam by using N2 as blowing agent

The foaming process and cellular morphologies of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a blowing agent were investigated in this study. As compared to pure SAN foam in the same batch, the foamed blends with various CPE elastomer content had smaller average pore size and larger cell density. This is probably related to the inhibition of bubble growth by elastomer, resulting in poor melt flowability and strong viscoelasticity, and the efficient bubble heterogeneous nucleation caused by numerous phase interfaces inside the incompletely compatible blend system. In addition, many tiny interconnected holes through the pore walls were formed to connect adjacent micropores in foamed blend samples. The formation mechanism of such interconnected pores is probably due to the fracture of stretched melt around the bubble from phase interfaces with weak interactions. These facts suggest an effective path to control pore size, cell density and even interconnected pores of blend foams depends on the compatibility of the blend system and difference in foamability of individual components in supercritical CO2.

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Plastics - Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), acrylonitrile-(ethylene-propylene-diene)-styrene (AEPDS) and acrylonitrile-(chlorinated polyethylene)-styrene (ACS) moulding and extrusion materials

10.3403/bseniso19065 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽

Ethylene Propylene

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Effect of Compatibility on the Foaming Behavior of Injection Molded Polypropylene and Polycarbonate Blend Parts

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11020300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 300 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bei Su ◽

Ying-Guo Zhou ◽

Bin-Bin Dong ◽

Cao Yan

Keyword(s):

Morphological Structure ◽

Potential Method ◽

Grafted Polymers ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer ◽

Blowing Agent ◽

Cell Nucleation ◽

Foaming Behavior ◽

Thermal Features ◽

Injection Molded ◽

Scanning Electron

To improve the foaming behavior of a common linear polypropylene (PP) resin, polycarbonate (PC) was blended with PP, and three different grafted polymers were used as the compatibilizers. The solid and foamed samples of the PP/PC 3:1 blend with different compatibilizers were first fabricated by melt extrusion followed by injection molding (IM) with and without a blowing agent. The mechanical properties, thermal features, morphological structure, and relative rheological characterizations of these samples were studied using a tensile test, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and torque rheometer. It can be found from the experimental results that the influence of the compatibility between the PP and PC phases on the foaming behavior of PP/PC blends is substantial. The results suggest that PC coupling with an appropriate compatibilizer is a potential method to improve the foamability of PP resin. The comprehensive effect of PC and a suitable compatibilizer on the foamability of PP can be attributed to two possible mechanisms, i.e., the partial compatibility between phases that facilitates cell nucleation and the improved gas-melt viscosity that helps to form a fine foaming structure.

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Effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation, cure characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of NRF/carbon composites

Journal of Cellular Plastics ◽

10.1177/0021955x20979548 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0021955X2097954

Author(s):

Pollawat Charoeythornkhajhornchai ◽

Wutthinun Khamloet ◽

Pattharawun Nungjumnong

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Bubble Diameter ◽

Carbon Composites ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Foam Formation ◽

Carbon Filler ◽

Composite Foam ◽

Carbon Allotropes ◽

Blowing Agent ◽

Rubber Composite

Natural rubber composite foam with carbon such as carbon black (CB), carbon synthesized from durian bark (CDB), graphite (GPT), graphene oxide (GO), graphene (GPE) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was studied in this work to investigate the relationship between foam formation during decomposition of chemical blowing agent mechanism and crosslink reaction of rubber molecules by sulphur. Natural rubber composite foam with carbon particle was set at 3 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) to observe the effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation with different microstructure and properties of natural rubber composite foam. The balancing of crosslink reaction by sulphur molecules during foam formation by the decomposition of chemical blowing agent affects the different morphology of natural rubber foam/carbon composites leading to the different mechanical and thermal properties. The result showed the fastest cure characteristics of natural rubber foam with 3 phr of graphene (NRF-GPE3) which was completely cure within 6.55 minutes (tc90) measured by moving die rheometer resulting in the smallest bubble diameter among other formulas. Moreover, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of MWCNT (NRF-MWCNT3) had the highest modulus (0.0035 ± 0.0005 N/m2) due to the small bubble size with high bulk density. In addition, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GPT (NRF-GPT3) had the highest thermal expansion coefficient (282.12 ± 69 ppm/K) due to high amount of gas bubbles inside natural rubber foam matrix and natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GO (NRF-GO3) displayed the lowest thermal conductivity (0.0798 ± 0.0003 W/m.K) which was lower value than natural rubber foam without carbon filler (NRF). This might be caused by the effect of bubble diameter and bulk density as well as the defect on surface of graphene oxide compared to others carbon filler.

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Properties and morphology of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with solid-state-chlorinated polyethylene

Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology ◽

10.1002/vnl.20226 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. n/a-n/a

Author(s):

Yuhong Zhang ◽

Peixin He

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽

Poly Vinyl Chloride

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Synthesis of high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules and their effects on foaming quality and surface quality of foamed ABS materials

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2020-0021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 519-527

Author(s):

Wei Gong ◽

Xianglin Pei ◽

Xiaogang Yin ◽

Daming Ban ◽

Hai Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Surface Quality ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Crosslinking Agent ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Blowing Agent ◽

Good Surface ◽

Butadiene Styrene

AbstractIn this paper, acrylonitrile and hydroxypropyl acrylate are used as the binary polymerization monomers, and isooctane is used as the foaming agent to prepare high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules. Analysis of the effect of blowing agent and crosslinking agent on the expansion properties of high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules, the effects of foaming agent azodicarbonamide (ADCA) and micro-expansion capsule on the surface quality and foaming quality of foamed acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) products were investigated. The foamed product prepared by the high-temperature microcapsule has a good surface quality, the gloss is 52.3, the cell is not easily deformed, and the volume fraction is 4%; the foamed ABS/ADCA material has poor cell uniformity, the cell is easily deformed, the volume fraction is 6.5%, the surface quality is poor, and the gloss is only 8.7.

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Improvement of the Properties of Polyethylene with Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE)

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739110301100206 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 115-122

Author(s):

Kálmán Marossy ◽

Pál Bárczy

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

High Density ◽

Structural Units ◽

Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽

X Ray ◽

Dynamic Mechanical ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Multiphase Systems

Blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) have been tested across the whole concentration range. Polyethylene is used to modify the properties of CPE in the elastomer industry, but modification of the properties of polyethylene with CPE is still not usual. Conventional mechanical tests and dynamic mechanical tests were carried out. The blends were found to be multiphase systems of excellent technological compatibility. Between 10 and 15% by weight CPE increased the modulus of polyethylene. X-ray scattering studies showed that the blends contained structural units not present either in the polyethylene or in the CPE. The blends were melt processable and may have industrial applications, too.

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Compressive Deformation and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Conductive Carbon Black Reinforced Microcellular EPDM Vulcanizates

Cellular Polymers ◽

10.1177/026248930502400403 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 209-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S.P. Mahapatra ◽

D.K. Tripathy

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Compressive Stress ◽

Energy Absorption ◽

Filler Loading ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Blowing Agent ◽

Compression Set ◽

Rate Dependent ◽

Conductive Carbon Black

Compressive stress-strain properties of unfilled and conductive carbon black (VulcanXC 72) filled oil extended EPDM (keltan 7341A) microcellular vulcanizates were studied as a function of blowing agent (density) and filler loading. With decrease in density, the compressive stress-strain curves for microcellular vulcanizates behaved differently from those of solid vulcanizates. The compressive stress-strain properties were found to be strain rate dependent. The log-log plots of relative density of the microcellular vulcanizates showed a fairly linear correlation with the relative modulus. The compression set at a constant stress increased with decrease in density. The efficiency of energy absorption E, was also studied as a function of filler and blowing agent loading. From the compressive stress-strain plots the efficiency E and the ideality parameter I, were evaluated. These parameters were plotted against stress to obtain maximum efficiency and the maximum ideality region, which will make these materials suitable for cushioning and packaging applications in electronic devices.

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