scholarly journals Qualitative properties and relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plate
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Traditional Understanding

AbstractThis paper is concerned with two concepts of qualitativeness that apply to intensional entities (i.e., properties, relations, and states of affairs). I propose an account of pure qualitativeness that largely follows the traditional understanding established by Carnap, and try to shed light on its ontological presuppositions. On this account, an intensional entity is purely qualitative iff it does not ‘involve’ any particular (i.e., anything that is not an intensional entity). An alternative notion of qualitativeness—which I propose to refer to as a concept of strict qualitativeness—has recently been introduced by Chad Carmichael. However, Carmichael’s definition presupposes a highly fine-grained conception of properties and relations. To eliminate this presupposition, I tentatively suggest a different definition that rests on a concept of perspicuous denotation. In the penultimate section, both concepts of qualitativeness are put to work in distinguishing between different ‘grades’ of qualitative discriminability.

scholarly journals Tracing the Life of a Buddhist Literary Apologia: Steps in Preparation for the Study and Translation of Sokdokpa’s Thunder of Definitive Meaning

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
James Duncan Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Shed Light

This article discusses Buddhist apologetics in Tibet by examining the formation, revision, and reception of the most renowned literary apologia ever written in defense of the Old School of Tibetan Buddhism: Sokdokpa Lodrö Gyeltsen’s early 17th-century magnum opus the Thunder of Definitive Meaning. It reconstructs in broad strokes the history of the Thunder’s reception from the early 17th century to the present and relates this to details in different versions of the Thunder and its addendum to shed light on the process by which this work was composed and edited. By considering this work’s peculiar context of production and history of reception alongside passages it presents revealing how it was conceived and revised, this analysis aims to prepare the ground for its study and translation. In so doing, this discussion attempts to show how a broadly historical approach can work in tandem with a fine-grained philological approach to yield fresh insights into the production and reception of Buddhist literary works that have important ramifications for their understanding and translation.

scholarly journals Sentential Negation in North-eastern Gallo-Romance dialects: insights from the Atlas Linguistique de la France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
Heather Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Negative Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article argues that data from the Atlas Linguistique de la France (ALF, Edmont and Gilliéron, 1902–1910) can shed light on the fine-grained syntax of sentential negation in the Oïl dialects spoken in North Eastern France, Belgium and Switzerland. The Gallo-Romance dialects spoken in this area possess a larger variety of negative structures than those found in (Standard) French: in addition to ne…pas, ne can be followed by negations mie, pont or even appear alone. Although the dialects under study are highly endangered, I show how we can use syntactic data ‘hidden’ in the ALF to study their syntactic patterns. I present a quantitative study of variation in sentential negation in authentic transcriptions and French translations of the 22 negative data points in the ALF at 150 points in France, Belgium and Switzerland (N = 2989). I show that the pont form is significantly more frequent in negative constructions with ‘weak NPs’ (de phrases) and that there is a significant correlation between dropping of secondary negation and the ability of the secondary negation mie to be realized as an enclitic -m. This study supports Dagnac (2018)’s conclusion that the ALF is an invaluable tool for the study of syntactic microvariation in France.

scholarly journals "Ett löfte om lycka"

2022 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Honore De Balzac ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Beautiful Woman ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Strong Statement ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Traditional Understanding ◽  
Complex Subject

In this essay, I explore an innovative theme in the interfaces between theology, gender studies, aesthetic theory, and literary studies. More specifically, my aim is to shed light on fundamental theological conflicts underlying the immensely complex subject of the elevated status of "the beautiful woman" as image and idea in Western society. This will be implemented through a close reading of the influential short story of French nineteenth-century novelist Honoré de Balzac, Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu (The Unknown Masterpiece), from 1831. By virtue of this theologically informed reading, important facets of modern Western society's fantasy of the beautiful woman come to the fore. The essay discloses how this fantasy has far-reaching tentacles and ramifications, by which the beautiful female becomes identified with beauty per se, with art, nature, the divine, and even with life itself. Balzac's short story presents the reader with a strong statement of the scopophilic tendency of Western visual arts, but in its final peripeteia it also provides us with the tools to bring forth a contrary reading, and a direct confrontation with the traditional understanding of the task of the painter.

A comment on equating information with symbol strings

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R925-R927 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Turvey ◽  
P. N. Kugler
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
Low Dimensional

Symbol strings are advanced as the informational basis for many biological, physiological, and psychological phenomena. The role ascribed to them is that of indicating or directing states of affairs. Pattee has suggested that nature exploits information in this quasi-linguistic sense sparingly, that symbol strings are limited in detail, and that their relation to dynamics is one of complementation. A different, nonsymbolic view of information that addresses how animals can guide their locomotion in cluttered surroundings has been pursued by Gibson. It has considerable generality: information is low-dimensional qualitative properties of low-energy fields, lawfully generated by properties of systems and surround. It is argued that in the absence of information in Gibson's specificational sense, information in the indicational-injunctional sense is ineffective, and it is suggested that perplexities about the selective content of symbol strings may be resolved by a thoroughgoing understanding of Gibsonian information.

scholarly journals Mesoscopic-scale functional networks in the primate amygdala

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah K Morrow ◽  
Michael X Cohen ◽  
Katalin M Gothard
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Mesoscopic Scale ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Response Profile ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe primate amygdala performs multiple functions that may be related to the anatomical heterogeneity of its nuclei. At the level of single neurons, each function is reflected in stimulus- and task-specific responses. Given that neurons with a particular response profile are not clustered in any of the nuclei, single units may be too fine-grained to shed light on the mesoscale organization of the amygdala. We have extracted from local field potentials recorded simultaneously from multiple locations within the primate amygdala (Macaca mulatta) spatially defined and statistically separable responses to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli. A generalized eigendecomposition-based method of source separation isolated coactivity patterns, or components, that in neurophysiological terms correspond to putative subnetworks. Some component spatial patterns mapped onto the anatomical organization of the amygdala, while other components reflected integration across nuclei. These components differentiated between visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli suggesting the presence of functionally distinct parallel subnetworks.

Cultural conceptualisations of loong (龙) in Chinese idioms

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-589
Author(s):  
Xu Wen ◽  
Chuanhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cultural Schemas ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Concrete Entity ◽  
Chinese Idioms ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This study investigates the abundant metaphorical meanings of the term loong (‘dragon’) in Chinese idioms and the cognitive and cultural factors that influence those meanings from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics. To this end, we present a systematic categorisation of the idiomatic expressions involving the term loong in Mandarin Chinese based on three conceptual metaphors: a human being is a loong, a concrete entity is a loong, and an abstract object is a loong. We then elaborate on the cultural conceptualisations of loong from three perspectives: cultural schemas, cultural categories, and cultural metaphors. The results of the study show how the metaphorical conceptualisations of loong are profoundly influenced by Chinese culture. The resulting study is intended to add to the pool of studies which lend support to the view that a fine-grained study of the metaphors of a particular culture and their linguistic realisation can shed light on how culture influences human cognition. Finally, the study calls for a clearer integration of cultural approaches into conceptual metaphor theory and it explores some possibilities in this regard.

The Microfoundations of Strategic Entrepreneurship: A Middle Management Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ruifang Wang ◽  
Patrick Gibbons ◽  
Ciaran Heavey
Keyword(s):  
Middle Managers ◽  
Middle Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Strategic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Shed Light

Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) has attracted increased research attention, given its dual focus on creating competitive advantage and exploiting new opportunities. While research interest in SE has grown at a rapid pace in the past two decades, understanding of its microfoundations is limited. This conceptual paper contributes to the development of understating from a middle management perspective. It argues that middle managers’ five strategic roles serve as the microfoundations to firm’s SE. It also drills down to explore individual differences as antecedents in shaping these roles. This paper develops a research framework along with fine-grained propositions, aimed to shed light on future research and implications for practice.

scholarly journals Exploring response tokens in Irish English — a multidisciplinary approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bróna Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Shed Light

Schneider & Barron (2008) discuss the effect of macro-social factors such as region, ethnic background, age, social status and gender on intra-lingual pragmatic conventions, and state that, to date, they have received comparatively little attention in the study of pragmatics. This paper chooses two macro-social factors, age and gender, and focuses on how they impact on the use of response tokens in Irish English. Not only does the paper shed light on the use of variational pragmatics as a framework for corpus-based studies but it also brings together research on sociolinguistics and corpus linguistics, which has, to-date, been scarce (Baker 2010). The paper reveals the importance of avoiding the exploration of sociolinguistic variables in isolation and concludes by highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research and the merits of fine-grained sociolinguistic investigations using small corpora.

scholarly journals How Far are We from Effective Context Modeling? An Exploratory Study on Semantic Parsing in Context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Bei Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Guo ◽  
Jian-Guang Lou ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Context Modeling ◽  
Semantic Parsing ◽  
World Semantic ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Shed Light

Recently semantic parsing in context has received a considerable attention, which is challenging since there are complex contextual phenomena. Previous works verified their proposed methods in limited scenarios, which motivates us to conduct an exploratory study on context modeling methods under real-world semantic parsing in context. We present a grammar-based decoding semantic parser and adapt typical context modeling methods on top of it. We evaluate 13 context modeling methods on two large complex cross-domain datasets, and our best model achieves state-of-the-art performances on both datasets with significant improvements. Furthermore, we summarize the most frequent contextual phenomena, with a fine-grained analysis on representative models, which may shed light on potential research directions. Our code is available at https://github.com/microsoft/ContextualSP.

scholarly journals ON THE SITUATED SOCIO-CULTURAL MEANING OF BENEFACTIVES IN BALINESE

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi ◽  
I Wayan Arka ◽  
Asako Shiohara
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Level System ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Incorrect Choice ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Parallel Texts

This paper discusses a preliminary corpus-based study of benefactives in Balinese, from a socio-cognitive theory of situated socio-cultural meaning (cf. Langlotz 2015, Danielle and Evans 2017). It is part of larger corpus-based research on parallel texts in the international SCOPIC (Social Cognition Parallax Interview Corpus) project (http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24742). Benefactive constructions are defined as those expressing states of affairs (SoA) hold to someone’s advantage (Kittilä and Zúñiga 2010).  The notion of '(someone's) advantage' in Balinese benefactive meaning is tightly embedded in Balinese cultural worlds, having complex positive social meanings in which concepts such as 'self', 'reciprocity', 'in-.out-group', and spiritual rewards are central. The socio-cultural worlds are evidently reflected the speech level system in Balinese. There are different forms with fine-grained social meanings such as three words for 'give' in Balinese depending on the relative social relations of event and/or speech participants. An incorrect choice of linguistic device would lead to incorrect social indexing; hence socially unacceptable or inappropriate, not giving rise to the intended positive benefactive meaning. Our findings show that benefactive meaning is expressible through different means (lexical, morphological, and analytical/constructional). Surprisingly, the lexical benefactive 'give' is 100% expressed through the verb baang in our Balinese SCOPIC corpus, suggesting that the corpus is rather skewed towards the common (or low) register.

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