Assessment of Grewia oppositifolia leaves as crude protein supplement to low-quality forage diets of sheep

Fish silage made by grinding herring and adding formic acid, β-hydroxytoluene and potassium sorbate was evaluated as a protein supplement for young cattle. Only about 15% of the crude protein in the herring silage was true protein. Ammonia N accounted for 8% of the crude protein and most of the rest was peptides and free amino acids. The crude protein of herring silage was as resistant as fish meal to deamination when fermented in rumen fluid, and more resistant than soybean or casein. The herring silage was readily accepted by Holstein heifers fed hay or grass–legume silage with potatoes (7 kg d−1) and a supplement (1.5 kg d−1). Feed intake and weight gain were similar when the heifers were fed hay with either soybean meal or herring silage but were higher when forage silage replaced the hay. Rumen fluid NH3-N and blood urea levels were normal, even for cattle fed the high non-protein N diet of forage silage with herring silage. The herring silage depressed rumen fluid acetate levels and increased propionate in the heifers fed hay + potatoes, probably because of the unsaturated fatty acids in the herring. Well-made herring silage was a suitable protein supplement for young cattle fed forage and potato diets. Key words: Herring silage, fish silage, potatoes, cattle, protein degradation

Download Full-text

Methionine-balanced diets improve cattle performance in fattening young bulls fed high-forage diets through changes in nitrogen metabolism

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520001154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 124 (3) ◽

pp. 273-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Cantalapiedra-Hijar ◽

I. Ortigues-Marty ◽

B. Sepchat ◽

E. Titgemeyer ◽

L. Bahloul

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Growing Cattle ◽

Branched Chain ◽

High Forage ◽

Protein Diets ◽

Forage Diets

AbstractRuminants fed high-forage diets usually have a low feed efficiency, and their performances might be limited by methionine (Met) supply. However, the INRA feeding system for growing cattle does not give recommendation for this amino acid (AA). This study aimed to assess the effects of Met-balanced diets on animal performance and N metabolism in young bulls fed high-forage diets formulated at or above protein requirements. Four diets resulting from a factorial arrangement of two protein levels (Normal (13·5 % crude protein) v. High (16·2 % crude protein)) crossed with two Met concentrations (unbalanced (2·0 % of metabolisable protein) v. balanced (2·6 % of metabolisable protein)) were tested on thirty-four fattening Charolais bulls for 7 months before slaughter. Animal growth rate was greater in Met-balanced diets (+8 %; P = 0·02) with a trend for a greater impact in High v. Normal protein diets (P = 0·10). This trend was observed in lower plasma concentrations of branched-chain AA only when Met supplementation was applied to the Normal protein diet (P ≤ 0·06) suggesting another co-limiting AA at Normal protein level. Feed conversion efficiency and N use efficiency were unaffected by Met supplementation (P > 0·05). However, some plasma indicators suggested a better use of AA when High protein diets were balanced v. unbalanced in Met. The proportion of total adipose tissue in carcass increased (+5 percent units; P = 0·03), whereas that of muscle decreased on average 0·8 percent units (P = 0·05) in Met-balanced diets. Our results justify the integration of AA into dietary recommendations for growing cattle.

Download Full-text

Influence of crude protein content and flint maize processing methods on the performance of early-weaning Nellore calves

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621001003 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

L. A. Godoi ◽

B. C. Silva ◽

G. A. P. Souza ◽

B. C. Lage ◽

D. Zanetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Finishing Cattle ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Dietary Components ◽

And Performance

Abstract This study aims to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content of early-weaned calves; and the influence of flint maize processing methods on intake, total tract nutrient digestibilities and performance of Nellore heifer calves. Fifteen early-weaned Nellore female calves (4 ± 0.5 months; 108 ± 13.1 kg) were used. In phase 1, animals were fed one of the following diets for 112 days: 130, 145 or 160 g CP/kg dry matter (DM). In phase 2, animals received one of the two diets for 84 days: 0.60 dry ground maize grain, 0.30 whole-plant maize silage plus 0.10 mineral-protein supplement or 0.90 snaplage plus 0.10 mineral-protein supplement. In phase 1, intake and digestibility of dietary components were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing dietary CP content. Daily total urinary nitrogen (N) and urinary urea N increased (P < 0.05) in response to increasing dietary CP content. Animal performance was not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary CP content. In phase 2, maize processing methods did not affect (P > 0.05) intake and digestibility of dietary components as well as animal performance, carcase characteristics and carcase composition. Therefore, based on the current experimental condition, we conclude that dietary CP concentrations of 130 g/kg DM can be indicated for early-weaned Nellore calves. However, more studies are recommended to validate this result and to evaluate concentrations below 130 g CP/kg DM for early-weaned Nellore calves. Moreover, snaplage could be used as an exclusive fibre and energy source for finishing cattle in feedlot.

Download Full-text

The value of feather meal as a protein supplement for growing pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100022327 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. S. Barber ◽

R. Braude ◽

A. G. Chamberlain ◽

Zena D. Hosking ◽

K. G. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Feather Meal ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Total Crude Protein

SUMMARYThe results of a nitrogen balance experiment with growing pigs have shown that 5 % feather meal was inferior to 7 % white-fish meal, when both supplements supplied the same amount of total crude protein in a barleyweatings- minerals-vitamins ration.A comparative feeding trial in which white-fish meal was partially replaced by feather meal in the diets given to growing pigs gave inconclusive results.

Download Full-text

Cassava leaves and azolla as crude protein supplement feed to east african short horned Zebu Heifers

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2020.15061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1458-1463

Author(s):

K. Korir Bernard ◽

M. M. Wanyoike Margaret ◽

K. N. Kuria. Joseph ◽

M. Mwangi David. ◽

K. Muge Edward

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

East African ◽

Cassava Leaves

Download Full-text

High-Rate Algal Ponds: Treatment of Wastewaters and Protein Production: IV – Chemical Composition of Biomass Produced from Swine Wastes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0152 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 243-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. M. Rodrigues ◽

J. F. Santos Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Production ◽

Animal Feed ◽

High Rate ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

High Protein Content ◽

Detention Time ◽

High Rate Algal Ponds

Swine wastes from swine breeding installations were treated in a pilot system of high rate algal ponds, and the Albazod biomass produced was harvested by autoflocculation and centrifugation. The chemical composition of Albazod biomass was determined in order to evaluate the potential of Albazod for utilization as a protein supplement to animal feed. The most important component in the Albazod biomass was crude protein and it varies according to detention time (there is an increase of crude protein when the detention time decreases). Besides the high protein content (for 3 days of detention time we have obtained 41.46% of dry matter for crude protein), the Albazod biomass is rich in minerals, which will enhance its potential as a favourable ingredient for animal feed.

Download Full-text

Effects of fat-protein supplementation of diets for cows in early lactation on milk yield and composition

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3929-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 196-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Strusińska ◽

D. Minakowski ◽

B. Pysera ◽

J. Kaliniewicz

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Protein Group ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

An experiment was performed on 37 Holstein-Friesian cows during the first 120 days of lactation. The cows were fed balanced diets composed of haylage and maize silage (together 52% dry mater) and a concentrate containing 19% crude protein (group 1), a concentrate containing 17.5% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus® (group 2) or a concentrate containing 19% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus® (group 3). The mean daily milk yield recorded in groups 2 and 3 amounted to 32.6 kg/d and was by 10.3% higher than in the control group (P ≤ 0.01). FCM yield increased by 15.5% and 12.1% in groups 2 and 3, respectively, in comparison with group 1. Diet supplementation with Megapro Plus® had no significant effect on the levels of fat, lactose, protein, nitrogen fractions and urea, or some physicochemical properties of milk (density, pH, heat stability). A decrease was noted in solids-non-fat (group 2) and somatic cell count (P ≤ 0.05). Megapro Plus® supplementation of a diet with a reduced (to 3%) “00” rapeseed meal content in concentrate (group 2) resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:1 and C18:2) and hypocholesterolaemic acids (DFA) in milk, recorded on the 120th day of lactation. Megapro Plus® supplementation of a concentrate with a high (10%) “00” rapeseed meal content aimed at increasing the concentrations of both energy and protein (group 3), had no significant effect on improvement in the fatty acid profile, i.e. changes towards increasing unsaturation of milk fat.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the chemical composition and properties of the main and side products during the implementation of new technologies for producing ethanol

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2020-3-71-77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

N. V. Zueva ◽

G. V. Agafonov ◽

I. Y. Lukinova ◽

A. N. Dolgov

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Enzyme Preparation ◽

Aqueous Suspension ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Crude Protein Content

The article studied yeast composition isolated from the separation of the mash, bran separated in the grinding step, as well as a protein supplement obtained by mixing these two products. Crude fat content ranges from 4,7 to 6,2%, crude protein content is 38%, which is 20% lower than in the fodder yeast, but 14% higher than that of the bran. It is also found that the resulting protein product enriched in micro- and macro-elements, as well as readily hydrolyzable and water soluble carbohydrates. crude fiber content is 5,5%, which is almost 2,5 times lower than in the bran. The composition of the feed protein supplement obtained with the introduction at the stage of aqueous suspension of wheat powdery cellulolytic enzyme preparation Viskolaza 150 L and without it. The enzyme preparation was added in the step of preparing aqueous suspensions and wheat powdery dosage of 0,01% by weight of the feedstock. protein feed additives obtained with and without addition of cellulolytic enzyme preparation of high quality crude protein content and protein. Thus, the content of crude protein in the protein with the introduction of an additive in an aqueous suspension of powdery Viskolazy 150 L was 37% whereas 34% without the enzyme preparation. The amount of soluble polysaccharides and the mass fraction of ash were practically at the same level of from 2,4 to 5% and from 5,5 to 7,0%, respectively. fiber content of the protein supplement using Viskolazy 150 L was 4,2-6,1%, which is 2,5 times lower than in the protein supplement obtained without enzyme preparation.

Download Full-text

The effect of supplementation of grass silage with rapeseed meal or Gasol-treated barley on the performance of growing cattle

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72188 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 75-84

Author(s):

Pekka Huhtanen ◽

Esko Poutiainen ◽

Timo Mikkola

Keyword(s):

Propionic Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Factorial Method ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Degradation Rates

Grass silage was offered ad libitum to 16 Ayrshire cattle in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment lasting 196 days. The silage was supplemented with barley preserved with 0.85 % of propionic acid (PAB) or 1.28 % Gasol solution (GB) 45 g DM/kg W0.75. Four of the animals in PAB and GB groups received no protein supplement(NPS) and four of the animals in both groups received extracted rapeseed meal as protein supplement(RSM). RSM was fed according to UDP (undegradable feed protein) requirements. The average age of the animals at the beginning of the experiment was 86 days and the average liveweight 106 kg. The average daily gains were 1066 and 1070 g/d for PAB and GB groups and 1012 and 1124 g/d (P < 0.01) for NPS and RSM groups. In feed intake and feed conversion there were no significant differences between the groups. Supplementation of silage barley diet with RSM increased the digestibility of organic matter from 71.1 to 73.5 % (P < 0.05), of crude protein from 62.8 to 67.4 % (P < 0.05) and of crude fibre from 57.2 to 60.2 % (P < 0.05). Both barleys were well preserved and there was no deterioration during the storage. The degradation rates of DM, crude protein and starch determined by nylon bag method were lower in GB than in PAB. Crude protein disappearances in 9 hours were 46.6 % for GB and 76.4 % for PAB. The utilization of absorbed protein calculated by factorial method averaged 0.566 ± 0.01 in the four different groups. Plasma urea N level was higher (P < 0.05) in the RSM than in the NPS group. The proportion of acetic acid in the rumen VFA was lower (P < 0.05) and that of propionic acid higher (P < 0.01) in the RSM than in the NPS group. PAB resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of propionic acid in rumen VFA than did GB.

Download Full-text

Performance of laying hens on diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72106 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 271-278

Author(s):

Matti Näsi

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Egg Production ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Protein A ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Bacterial Protein ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Meal Protein ◽

True Protein

The investigation was made to determine to what extent soybean meal and fish meal protein in the diet of laying hens can be replaced by Eurolysine bacterial protein, a by-product of lysine fermentation, or with Pekilo protein. In a 24-week laying trial the inclusion levels of Eurolysine in the diet were 0-4.0- 7.9- 11.9 % and those of Pekilo 0-6.3- 12.7 - 18.0 %, or 0-33-66-100 % of the protein supplement. Eurolysine contained 68.5 % crude protein 53.5 % true protein and 6.9 % ether extract in DM and the corresponding values of Pekilo were 43.3 %, 38,8 % and 1.4 %. The average laying rates decreased with increasing inclusion of Eurolysine, and replacement of the protein supplement by Pekilo also lowered egg production, but the differences between the treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Feed intakes were increased (P < 0.05) by inclusion of SCP. Feed conversion efficiency did not differ significantly among the treatments (P > 0.05). Mortality increased with inclusion of both types of SCP in the diets, but the principal cause of death was cannibalism.

Download Full-text