scholarly journals Effects of polyaluminum chloride (PAX-18) on the relationship between predatory fungi and Lecane rotifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Fiałkowska ◽  
Wojciech Fiałkowski ◽  
Christopher G. Wilson ◽  
Agnieszka Pajdak-Stós
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Predacious Fungi ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

AbstractPAX-18 (polyaluminum chloride) is frequently used in WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants) to overcome sludge bulking. An alternative biological method is the usage of Lecane rotifers, which can be endangered by predacious fungi. We investigated the influence of different PAX-18 concentrations on the relationship between Lecane inermis and predacious fungi (Zoophagus and Lecophagus) differing in feeding mode. High PAX concentration (6 mg Al3+ L−1) strongly limited the number of the rotifers, which in low concentration (1.2 mg Al3+ L−1), after an initial decline, increased, but significantly slower than in control. Under the simultaneous influence of Lecophagus and PAX, rotifers were driven almost extinct at the high concentration, but survived at the lower concentration and increased in the control. When treated with Zoophagus, only one or two rotifers survived in treatments and control. High concentrations of PAX significantly restricted the growth of fungi, whereas in low concentrations and control conditions, their length increased, with Zoophagus growing much quicker than Lecophagus. Zoophagus was significantly more efficient in trapping rotifers regardless of PAX concentration. The trapping ability of mycelium following extended exposure to PAX was strongly limited at high concentrations, in comparison to control. Conidia of Zoophagus turned out to be considerably more resistant to PAX-18 and starvation than Lecophagus conidia.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacterial Cell-Free Supernatant on Nutritional Parameters of Apis Mellifera and Their Toxicity Against Varroa Destructor

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Fiorella G. De Piano ◽  
Matias D. Maggi ◽  
Facundo R. Meroi Arceitto ◽  
Marcela C. Audisio ◽  
Martín Eguaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractApis mellifera L. is an essential pollinator that is currently being affected by several stressors that disturb their ecological function and produce colony losses. Colonies are being seriously affected by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. The relationship between stressors and bee symbionts is being studied in order to enhance bee health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) produced by Lactobacillus johnsonii AJ5, Enterococcus faecium SM21 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Mori2 on A. mellifera nutritional parameters and their toxicity against V. destructor. Toxicity and survival bioassays were conducted on adult bees with different concentrations of CFSs. Nutritional parameters such as soluble proteins and fat bodies in abdomens were measured. Varroa destructor toxicity was analyzed by a contact exposure method and via bee hemolymph. At low concentrations, two of CFSs tends to enhance bee survival. Remarkably fat bodies maintained their levels with all CFS concentrations in the abdomens, and soluble protein increased at a high concentration of two CFSs. Toxicity against V. destructor was observed only via hemolymph, and results were in agreement with the treatment that produced an increase in bee proteins. Finally, CFS produced by L. johnsonii AJ5 could be a promising natural alternative for strengthening bee health.

Vascular responses to compound 48/80 in rat mesenteric vascular beds

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghua Jin ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Shingo Takatori ◽  
Toshihiro Koyama ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Vascular Effect ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
High Concentrations

A further investigation was performed on the vascular effect of endogenous histamine using the histamine releaser, compound 48/80, in rat mesenteric vascular beds with active tone. In preparations with intact endothelium, low concentrations of compound 48/80 (1.53 × 10−5 – 3 × 1.53 × 10−5 mg/mL) perfusion for 1 min only induced a small vasodilation. High concentrations of compound 48/80 (1.53 × 10−4 – 3 × 1.53 × 10−2 mg/mL) induced a biphasic vascular responses, an initial vasoconstriction followed a subsequent long-lasting vasodilation. The vasodilation induced by low concentrations of compound 48/80 and the vasoconstriction induced by high concentration of compound 48/80 was inhibited by olopatadine. However, cimetidine did not affect the responses induced by compound 48/80. Endothelium removal enlarged the compound 48/80-induced phase-2 vasoconstriction, while it attenuated the phase-3 vasodilation. Additionally, indomethacin and seratrodast significantly inhibited vasoconstriction but it did not affect the long-lasting vasodilation induced by high concentrations of compound 48/80. Ruthenium red inhibited the vasodilation induced by low concentrations and high concentrations of compound 48/80. These results suggest that the vasoconstriction induce by high concentrations of compound 48/80 is mediated by endogenous histamine released from mast cells. It is also suggested that thromboxane A2 released from mast cells is related to the vasoconstriction.

Trace Elements Geochemistry of Soil-Plant System in Puxiong Lead-Zinc Mining Area, Yunnan, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Zheng Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Measured Ratio ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to obtain an overview of trace elements concentrations in rocks, soils and plants from Puxiong lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan, China, and analyze the connection as well. Concentrations of Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, Sn, Ni and Sr among soils, rocks and three dominant plants in mining area, transition area and background were measured. Ratio parameter, bioconcentration factors (BF) and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between these elements in different feature. The results indicate that rocks, soils and plants samples are all characterized by high concentrations of Pb, Zn and other associated elements in Puxiong lead-zinc mining area. Geochemistry of trace elements concentrations from rocks to soils, then to plants presents obvious characters of inheritance and variability. Whats more, three dominant plants are same in high concentration of Mn and low concentration of Cd, Hg, Co, but are huge different in bio-concentration factors.

scholarly journals Biphasic Effect of Pirfenidone on Angiogenesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghao Gan ◽  
Wenxiang Cheng ◽  
Liqing Ke ◽  
Antonia RuJia Sun ◽  
Qingyun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Pirfenidone (PFD), a synthetic arsenic compound, has been found to inhibit angiogenesis at high concentrations. However, the biphasic effects of different PFD concentrations on angiogenesis have not yet been elucidated, and the present study used an in vitro model to explore the mechanisms underlying this biphasic response. The effect of PFD on the initial angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells was investigated through a Matrigel tube formation assay, and the impact of PFD on endothelial cell migration was evaluated through scratch and transwell migration experiments. Moreover, the expression of key migration cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, was examined. Finally, the biphasic mechanism of PFD on angiogenesis was explored through cell signaling and apoptosis analyses. The results showed that 10–100 μM PFD has a significant and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on tube formation and migration, while 10 nM–1 μM PFD significantly promoted tube formation and migration, with 100 nM PFD having the strongest effect. Additionally, we found that a high concentration of PFD could significantly inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, while low concentrations of PFD significantly promoted their expression. Finally, we found that high concentrations of PFD inhibited EA.hy926 cell tube formation by promoting apoptosis, while low concentrations of PFD promoted tube formation by increasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression predominantly via the EGFR/p-p38 pathway. Overall, PFD elicits a biphasic effect on angiogenesis through different mechanisms, could be used as a new potential drug for the treatment of vascular diseases.

scholarly journals Suppression of Canola (Brassica napus) Resistance by Virulent Isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Clubroot) During Primary Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Junye Jiang ◽  
Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Positive Controls

The planting of clubroot resistant (CR) canola (Brassica napus) is the most effective method to manage clubroot. Since 2013, many Plasmodiophora brassicae isolates capable of overcoming resistance have been detected, often in mixtures with avirulent isolates. To improve understanding of the effect of low concentrations of virulent isolates on host resistance, three CR canola cultivars (45H29, L135C, and L241C) were inoculated with pairs of isolates representing virulent/avirulent pathotypes (2*/2, 3*/3, and 5*/5) collected after or before the introduction of CR canola, respectively. Seven-day-old seedlings of each cultivar were incubated for 2 days in low concentrations (1 × 103 spores/ml) of the virulent isolates, followed by a second inoculation with a high concentration (1 × 107 spores/ml) of the avirulent isolates. Positive controls comprised seedlings inoculated with low concentrations of the virulent isolates followed by high concentrations of the virulent isolates (PC1) or only with high concentrations of virulent isolates (PC2). Negative controls comprised seedlings inoculated only with high concentrations of the avirulent isolates (NC1) or only with low concentrations of the virulent isolates (NC2). Clubroot severity was significantly higher in all nine experimental treatments (low virulent plus high avirulent) than in the negative control NC1 (high avirulent) but was lower in the experimental treatments than in the positive controls (PC1 and PC2). Low concentrations of virulent isolates alone (NC2) caused moderate clubroot. Disease severity correlated well with P. brassicae biomass in canola as determined by quantitative PCR analysis 28 to 35 days after inoculation. This study revealed that low concentrations of virulent isolates compromised canola resistance for infection by avirulent isolates.

Genistein Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Mitochondrial and Nuclear Alterations That Indicate Mechanisms Involved in Apoptosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 850-851
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Gobert ◽  
Ed Curren ◽  
Wade Welshons ◽  
Qing-yuan Sun ◽  
Heide Schatten
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

A highly significant correlation between reduced incidence of breast cancer in Asian countries and consumption of soy suggests that specific components in soy may have anticarcinogen activity. The soy ingredients genistein and daidzein have been found to inhibit induced breast tumors in animal and cell culture models. These isoflavones are known to be both agonists and antagonists of estrogen activity but only genistein is also a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinases which are the primary intracellular signalling mechanisms associated with the regulation of cell proliferation.Genistein promotes cell proliferation in breast cancer cells at low concentrations in its function as estrogen agonist but inhibits cell proliferation at high concentrations (30 μM). In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which high concentration of genistein inhibit cell proliferation we treated MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of genistein and analyzed cells by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

scholarly journals Involvement of the gp130 cytokine transducer in MtT/S pituitary somatotroph tumour development in an autocrine-paracrine model

2004 ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Graciarena ◽  
A Carbia-Nagashima ◽  
C Onofri ◽  
C Perez-Castro ◽  
D Giacomini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Tumour Development ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: gp130 cytokines are placed as auto-paracrine regulators of pituitary function, since they, as well as their receptors, have been shown to be expressed in and to act in normal and tumoral anterior pituitary cells. The objective of this work was to study their involvement in a model that shows the interaction between different cellular types that participate in a tumorigenic process. DESIGN: The dependence of a pituitary somatotrophic cell line (MtT/S) on a gp130 cytokine-producing folliculostellate (FS) cell line (TtT/GF) for tumorigenesis in vivo has been described. In order to study the participation of gp130 cytokines in the auto-paracrine stimulation of MtT/S growth, we generated MtT/S gp130 sense (gp130-S) and gp130 antisense (gp130-AS) clones stably transfected with pcDNA3/gp130 sense and pcDNA3/gp130 antisense vectors respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: Functional characterization studies revealed that gp130-AS clones have an inhibited gp130 signalling, and proliferation studies showed that they have an impaired response to gp130 cytokines but respond normally to other independent stimuli. When injected into nude mice, MtT/S clones respond differently depending on cell number; at high concentrations MtT/S clones alone generated tumours equivalent in size to tumours derived from MtT/S plus TtT/GF cells. At low concentrations, MtT/S sense and control clones generated tumours of smaller size than tumours derived from these same clones plus TtT/GF cells, showing a dependence on FS cells. In both cases MtT/S gp130-AS clones had impaired tumour development. Furthermore, vessel density was significantly lower in tumours derived from gp130-AS plus TtT/GF cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study underlines the importance of gp130 cytokines in proliferation and establishes its role in auto-paracrine pituitary growth regulation.

scholarly journals Heavy metals uptake by hyperaccumulating flora in some serpentine soils of Kosovo

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metals Uptake

<p>Ultramafics represent magmatic or metamorphic rocks which are characterized by high concentrations of Mg, Fe, Ni, Cr and Co and low concentrations of Ca, and K. Serpentine soils are weathered products of a range of ultramafic rocks composed of ferromagnesian silicates. The aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals in some of serpentine soils of Kosovo and heavy metals uptake by entire associated flora. Furthermore, another objective of this study was finding out bioavailable Ca/Mg relationship, which is very important indicator for plants&rsquo; development. The sampling was conducted in June 2014. A total of three serpentine areas have been surveyed and 7 soil samples have been taken in various depths of soil profiles. Those samples were analyzed for total Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn. Results showed that each site exhibited a high concentration of at least one metal. The maximum concentrations of metals in soils Dry Matter (DM) were 108.9 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Cd, 95.8 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Co, 1206 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Cr, 24 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Cu, 2570 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Ni, 21.7 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Pb, 39 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Zn, and 51563 mg kg<sup>- </sup>Fe. The serpentine soils at all sites were characterized by elevated levels of heavy metals, which showed typical properties of ultramafic environments. Nickel Total at studied areas varied between 1543 and 2570 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, while the highest Ni concentration was found in aerial part of Alyssum markgrafii (4038 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>),</p> <div> <p>Based on our findings on the field we concluded that there is a close relationship between the quantity of Ni in soil and Ni uptake in plants.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE AND THE GLUCOSE UTILIZATION OF RAT DIAPHRAGM

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. OTTAWAY ◽  
R. D. BULBROOK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY Growth hormone has been reported to cause either a depression or a stimulation of the glucose uptake of isolated rat diaphragm. The present paper describes further work on the two effects. 1. Anaerobic conditions during the preparation of the diaphragm for incubation affect the glucose uptake and alter the response of the muscle to growth hormone. By controlling the oxygen tension in the diaphragm immediately after excision, variation of the glucose uptake and the effect of the hormone is reduced. 2. Solutions of growth hormone were found to be extremely labile, but, by rigidly standardizing the method of preparing solutions, consistent results were obtained. 3. The relationship between the concentration of growth hormone and its effect on the glucose uptake of isolated diaphragm was investigated separately for muscle saturated with oxygen and with nitrogen. With oxygenated muscle at high concentrations the hormone stimulates, and at low concentrations depresses, the rate of glucose uptake. 4. The mode of action of growth hormone in vitro and in vivo is discussed.

Alteration in the myosin phosphorylation pattern of smooth muscle by phorbol ester

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. C769-C774 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seto ◽  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
Y. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Myosin Light Chain ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Aortic Artery ◽  
Phosphorylation Pattern ◽  
Mlc20 Phosphorylation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

Pretreatment with a high concentration of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 100 nM) increased the degree of tension and extent of myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation in the K(+)-stimulated rabbit aortic artery. Pretreatment with 100 nM PMA did not alter the relationship between MLC20 phosphorylation and the tension seen with K+ stimulation in the initial phase and steady state of contraction. However, a low concentration of PMA (10 nM) potentiated only the MLC20 phosphorylation during the steady state of contraction with no effect on the tension. In contrast, the prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-induced tension development and the MLC20 phosphorylation were not affected by PMA pretreatment at both low and high concentrations. The inhibitory action of nifedipine on the K(+)-induced contraction was not affected by pretreatment with 100 nM PMA; the concentration producing half-maximal inhibition of nifedipine for the K(+)-induced contraction (33 nM) was the same as that of the K+ plus 100 nM PMA-induced contraction (32 nM). Our results suggest that PMA may increase the level of myosin light chain kinase-dependent MLC20 phosphorylation and the tension in the K(+)-stimulated artery, an effect which differs from that seen with increases in K+ concentrations. The regulatory mechanism for the contraction involving PGF2 alpha stimulation may differ from that seen in the case of K+ stimulation.

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