Relationships between leaf color changes, pigment levels, enzyme activity, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Liquidambar formosana Hance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Yin ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yufei Xiao ◽  
Jisheng Yang ◽  
Renjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics

scholarly journals Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal that critical genes involved in pigment biosynthesis influence leaf color changes in a new sweet osmanthus cultivar ‘Qiannan Guifei’

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12265
Author(s):  
Qi Cui ◽  
Junhua Huang ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Dong-ze Li ◽  
Liqun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Background Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) is one of the most important ornamental plant species in China. Many cultivars with different leaf color phenotypes and good ornamental value have recently been developed. For example, a new cultivar ‘Qiannan Guifei’, presents a rich variety of leaf colors, which change from red to yellow-green and ultimately to green as leaves develop, making this cultivar valuable for landscaping. However, the biochemical characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color changes of these phenotypes have not been elucidated. It has been hypothesized that the biosynthesis of different pigments in O. fragrans might change during leaf coloration. Here, we analyzed transcriptional changes in genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl), flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways and identified candidate genes responsible for leaf coloration in the new cultivar ‘Qiannan Guifei’. Methods Leaf samples were collected from ‘Qiannan Guifei’ plants at the red (R), yellow-green (YG) and green (G) leaf stages. We compared the different-colored leaves via leaf pigment concentrations, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptomic data. We further analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Chl, flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways. In addition, we used qRT-PCR to validate expression patterns of the DEGs at the three stages. Results We found that, compared with those at the G stage, chloroplasts at the R and YG stages were less abundant and presented abnormal morphologies. Pigment analyses revealed that the leaves had higher flavonoid and anthocyanin levels at the R stage but lower Chl and carotenoid concentrations. Similarly, Chl and carotenoid concentrations were lower at the YG stage than at the G stage. By using transcriptomic sequencing, we further identified 61 DEGs involved in the three pigment metabolic pathways. Among these DEGs, seven structural genes (OfCHS, OfCHI, OfF3H, OfDFR, OfANS, OfUGT andOf3AT) involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were expressed at the highest level at the R stage, thereby increasing the biosynthesis of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. Six putativeOfMYB genes, including three flavonoid-related activators and three repressors, were also highly expressed at the R stage, suggesting that they might coordinately regulate the accumulation of flavonoids, including anthocyanins. Additionally, expressions of the Chl biosynthesis-related genes OfHEMA, OfCHLG and OfCAO and the carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes OfHYB and OfZEP were upregulated from the R stage to the G stage, which increased the accumulation of Chl and carotenoids throughout leaf development. In summary, we screened the candidate genes responsible for the leaf color changes of ‘Qiannan Guifei’, improved current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf coloration and provided potential targets for future leaf color improvement in O. fragrans.

scholarly journals Effect of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes on the leaf color in Hosta (Hosta plantaginea Aschers) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Changhai Sui ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Jinjiao Chen ◽  
Zhilin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Structure Changes

Abstract Background ‘Regal Splendour’ (Hosta variety) is famous for its multi-color leaves, which are useful resources for exploring chloroplast development and color changes. The expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes (HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO) in Hosta have been demonstrated to be associated with leaf color. Herein, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes. Subcellular localization was also performed to determine the location of the corresponding enzymes. After plasmid construction, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was carried out to reduce the expressions of those genes. In addition, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO-overexpressing tobacco plants were made to verify the genes function. Changes of transgenic tobacco were recorded under 2000 lx, 6000 lx and 10,000 lx light intensity. Additionally, the contents of enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), chlorophyll a and b (Chla and Chlb), carotenoid (Cxc), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and catalase (CAT) under different light intensities were evaluated. Results The silencing of HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes can induce leaf yellowing and chloroplast structure changes in Hosta. Specifically, leaves of Hosta with HrCAO silencing were the most affected, while those with HrPOR silencing were the least affected. Moreover, all three genes in tobacco were highly expressed, whereas no expression was detected in wild-type (WT). However, the sensitivities of the three genes to different light intensities were different. The highest expression level of HrHEMA and HrPOR was detected under 10,000 lx of illumination, while HrCAO showed the highest expression level under 6000 lx. Lastly, the 5-ALA, Chla, Cxc, SOD, POD, MDA, Pro and CAT contents in different transgenic tobaccos changed significantly under different light intensities. Conclusion The overexpression of these three genes in tobacco enhanced photosynthesis by accumulating chlorophyll content, but the influential level varied under different light intensities. Furthermore, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing in tobacco can enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants to cope with stress under higher light intensity. However, under lower light intensity, the antioxidant capacity was declined in HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing tobaccos.

scholarly journals Responses of the photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) to different LED light qualities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Zijing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Abstract The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance. Because of this, in recent years LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to light quality. The influence of light quality on photosynthesis needs to be further explored to provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment of the light environment in industrial crop production. This study tested the effects of different qualities of LED lighting (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth and development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of plants in the W and B treatments were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, while the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics tested, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) all differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. Both leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. In summary, in addition to W light, B light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onion, whereas Y light significantly reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of this plant.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under different LED wavelengths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Gao ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Bili Cao ◽  
Zijing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

Abstract Background: The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance, and in recent years, LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to different wavelengths of light. Thus, the influence of artificial light on photosynthesis requires further investigation to provide theoretical guidelines for the light environments used in industrial crop production. In this study, we tested the effects of different LEDs (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photon flux density (300 μmol/m 2 ·s) on the growth, development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion ( Allium fistulosum L.) plants. Results: Plants in the W and B treatments had significantly higher height, leaf area, and fresh weight than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, the transpiration rate ( E ) and stomatal conductance ( G s ) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) was the highest in the Y treatment. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, but the other chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. This includes the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv′/Fm′), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Finally, the leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. Conclusions: White and blue light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onions, whereas yellow light reduced the photosynthetic efficiency.

IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN RAMIN (Gonystylus bancanus) DI PUNGGUALAS TAMAN NASIOANAL SEBANGAU KALIMANTAN TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Fauzi Karni ◽  
Dina Naemah ◽  
Sulaiman Bakri
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
A Value ◽  
Damage Type

The purpose of this study was to determine the damage to ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) stands in Punggualas Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan. The research location was determined by purposive sampling on the transect line at Punggualas. This observation is carried out by exploring the transect line that has been determined so that the data in the form of ramin stands can be found and the damage is observed in stages, then the coordinates of the ramin point are taken using GPS. In this observation, 22 ramin stands were found in which the most damage occurred in the leaves of ramin, namely as many as 35 cases of damage with the most damage type were leaf color changes as many as 20 cases of damage and with the most dominant severity level was 20-29%.From the dominant severity with a value of 20-29% it can be seen that the damage suffered by ramin stands is in the mild category.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kerusakan tegakan ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) di Punggualas Taman Nasional Sebangau Kalimantan Tengah. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive sampling pada jalur transek di Punggualas. Pengamatan ini dilakukan dengan cara menjelajah jalur transek yang sudah ditentuan agar data yang berupa tegakan ramin dapat ditemukan dan langsung diamati kerusakannya secara bertahap kemudian titik koordinat ramin diambil menggunakan GPS. Pada pengamatan ini ditemukan sebanyak 22 tegakan ramin yang mana kerusakan terbanyak terjadi pada bagian daun ramin yaitu sebanyak 35 kasus kerusakan dengan tipe kerusakan terbanyak adalah perubahan warna daun sebanyak 20 kasus kerusakan dan dengan tingakat keparahan paling dominan adalah 20-29%. Dari tingkat keparahan dominan dengan nilai 20-29% dapat diketahui bahwa kerusakan yang diderita oleh tegakan ramin di Punggualas Taman Nasional Sebangau masuk dalam kategori ringan.

PPR proteins in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and their potential roles in the leaf color changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 110745
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Zhang ◽  
Yiqing Zhao ◽  
Yang Meng ◽  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Jiqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Ppr Proteins

scholarly journals 621 Effects of Shading Levels on Seasonal Leaf Color in Fire Power Nandina

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 554E-554
Author(s):  
Leiah M. Butler ◽  
William F. Hayslett ◽  
Robert Harrison
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
In Fire ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Ornamental Shrub ◽  
Deep Green

A 24-month experiment was conducted to study the effects of shading levels on the foliage color changes in Fire Power Nandinas. This popular ornamental shrub is the dwarf form of the Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina domestica. It originated in New Zealand, and has vivid green leaf color in the spring and summer months that changes to a fluorescent red as winter approaches. In this experiment light was limited by covering the plots with black woven shadecloth of 43% and 78% shade, while allowing the control plots to receive full sunlight. Fifteen shrubs from each plot were randomly selected and 10 leaves per plant in each treatment were taken at 28-day intervals. The leaf color was recorded using a camera attached to a microscope. The results from this study indicate that changes in leaf color may be affected by the change of the seasons. The level of light/shade that the plants receive may also affect leaf color. The control group turned a bright fluorescent red, the 43% shade turned a deep red, and the 78% shade remained a deep green with few leaves turning red. Based on the different hues observed, this research indicates that limiting light has a direct effect on leaf color in this species. The correlation between the amount of sunlight received and the season of the year are the two factors that determine the degree of color change in this ornamental shrub.

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