scholarly journals The sustainability of beach nourishments: a review of nourishment and environmental monitoring practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Staudt ◽  
Rik Gijsman ◽  
Caroline Ganal ◽  
Finn Mielck ◽  
Johanna Wolbring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sediment Extraction ◽  
The World

AbstractBeach nourishments are a widely used method to mitigate erosion along sandy shorelines. In contrast to hard coastal protection structures, nourishments are considered as soft engineering, although little is known about the cumulative, long-term environmental effects of both marine sediment extraction and nourishment activities. Recent endeavours to sustain the marine ecosystem and research results on the environmental impact of sediment extraction and nourishment activities are driving the need for a comprehensive up-to-date review of beach nourishment practice, and to evaluate the physical and ecological sustainability of these activities. While existing reviews of nourishment practice have focused on the general design (motivation, techniques and methods, international overview of sites and volumes) as well as legal and financial aspects, this study reviews and compares not only nourishment practice but also the accompanying assessment and monitoring of environmental impacts in a number of developed countries around the world. For the study, we reviewed 205 openly-accessible coastal management strategies, legal texts, guidelines, EIA documents, websites, project reports, press releases and research publications about beach nourishments in several developed countries around the world (Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, UK, USA and Australia). Where information was not openly available, the responsible authorities were contacted directly. The study elaborates on the differences in coastal management strategies and legislation as well as the large dissimilarities in the EIA procedure (where applicable) for both marine sediment extraction and nourishment activities. The spatial disturbance of the marine environment that is considered a significant impact, a factor which determines the need for an Environmental Impact Assessment, varies substantially between the countries covered in this study. Combined with the large uncertainties of the long-term ecological and geomorphological impacts, these results underline the need to reconsider the sustainability of nourishments as “soft” coastal protection measures.

scholarly journals Trends and Evolution in the Concept of Marine Ecosystem Services: An Overview

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2060
Author(s):  
Elvira Buonocore ◽  
Umberto Grande ◽  
Pier Paolo Franzese ◽  
Giovanni F. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Services

The biotic and abiotic assets of the marine environment form the “marine natural capital” embedded in the global ocean. Marine natural capital provides the flow of “marine ecosystem services” that are directly used or enjoyed by people providing benefits to human well-being. They include provisioning services (e.g., food), regulation and maintenance services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage, and coastal protection), and cultural services (e.g., tourism and recreational benefits). In recent decades, human activities have increased the pressures on marine ecosystems, often leading to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss and, in turn, affecting their ability to provide benefits to humans. Therefore, effective management strategies are crucial to the conservation of healthy and diverse marine ecosystems and to ensuring their long-term generation of goods and services. Biophysical, economic, and sociocultural assessments of marine ecosystem services are much needed to convey the importance of natural resources to managers and policy makers supporting the development and implementation of policies oriented for the sustainable management of marine resources. In addition, the accounting of marine ecosystem service values can be usefully complemented by their mapping to enable the identification of priority areas and management strategies and to facilitate science–policy dialogue. Given this premise, this study aims to review trends and evolution in the concept of marine ecosystem services. In particular, the global scientific literature on marine ecosystem services is explored by focusing on the following main aspects: the definition and classification of marine ecosystem services; their loss due to anthropogenic pressures, alternative assessment, and mapping approaches; and the inclusion of marine ecosystem services into policy and decision-making processes.

Integrated Coastal Management: The Role of Law and Lawyers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-522
Author(s):  
Brady Coleman ◽  
Robert Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Management ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Integrated Coastal Management ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Coastal Resource ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Understanding

AbstractIntegrated coastal management (ICM) programmes are being planned, formulated and implemented in coastal States all over the world. To date, however, ICM has been seen as more in the realm of policy-makers, managers, scientists, coastal resource economists, and others, rather than in the realm of lawyers. This article reveals how law and lawyers should play an absolutely essential role at all stages of the ICM process. Ideally, ICM legal consultants will have a broad range of knowledge and experience in both international legal treaties as well as in certain fundamental national law principles, so that coastal zone policies will be designed and carried out with a critical understanding of the laws and institutions needed for the long-term success of an integrated coastal management programme.

The place of forestry in the energy question

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The World

Although forests supply a major part of the energy needs of the less developed countries in the world, the industrialized nations cannot look forward to very significant contributions from existing forests in this matter. Even if the economic problems of cost are ignored there is not enough wood left, even in a forest-rich country like Canada, to provide more than about 5% of the energy needs of the country after the requirements of the forest products industries have been met. Forests can, however, supplement other energy sources in certain situations. Energy farming seems to be the only way in which forestry can make a significant long-term contribution to energy supply, particularly if research in development of wood-fired generating plants and management of stands for energy production is pursued.

Threats to the running water ecosystems of the world

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Malmqvist ◽  
Simon Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Lotic Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Water Ecosystems

Running waters are perhaps the most impacted ecosystem on the planet as they have been the focus for human settlement and are heavily exploited for water supplies, irrigation, electricity generation, and waste disposal. Lotic systems also have an intimate contact with their catchments and so land-use alterations affect them directly. Here long-term trends in the factors that currently impact running waters are reviewed with the aim of predicting what the main threats to rivers will be in the year 2025. The main ultimate factors forcing change in running waters (ecosystem destruction, physical habitat and water chemistry alteration, and the direct addition or removal of species) stem from proximate influences from urbanization, industry, land-use change and water-course alterations. Any one river is likely to be subjected to several types of impact, and the management of impacts on lotic systems is complicated by numerous links between different forms of anthropogenic effect. Long-term trends for different impacts vary. Concentrations of chemical pollutants such as toxins and nutrients have increased in rivers in developed countries over the past century, with recent reductions for some pollutants (e.g. metals, organic toxicants, acidification), and continued increases in others (e.g. nutrients); there are no long-term chemical data for developing countries. Dam construction increased rapidly during the twentieth century, peaking in the 1970s, and the number of reservoirs has stabilized since this time, whereas the transfer of exotic species between lotic systems continues to increase. Hence, there have been some success stories in the attempts to reduce the impacts from anthropogenic impacts in developed nations. Improvements in the pH status of running waters should continue with lower sulphurous emissions, although emissions of nitrous oxides are set to continue under current legislation and will continue to contribute to acidification and nutrient loadings. Climate change also will impact running waters through alterations in hydrology and thermal regimes, although precise predictions are problematic; effects are likely to vary between regions and to operate alongside rather than override those from other impacts. Effects from climate change may be more extreme over longer time scales (>50 years). The overriding pressure on running water ecosystems up to 2025 will stem from the predicted increase in the human population, with concomitant increases in urban development, industry, agricultural activities and water abstraction, diversion and damming. Future degradation could be substantial and rapid (c. 10 years) and will be concentrated in those areas of the world where resources for conservation are most limited and knowledge of lotic ecosystems most incomplete; damage will centre on lowland rivers, which are also relatively poorly studied. Changes in management practices and public awareness do appear to be benefiting running water ecosystems in developed countries, and could underpin conservation strategies in developing countries if they were implemented in a relevant way.

scholarly journals Political Forecasting As An Integral Part Of Optimizing Public Strategic Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Fatkhulla Habibullaevich Hikmatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Political Subsystem ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The main content of the article is currently concerned only with the problems of methodology and methodology of political forecasting: the ability to see political change adequately is one of the main conditions for the correct view of political management strategies and tactics, targeted influence on political processes. The article analyzes such issues as the strength and continuity of the "forecasting - planning - management" chain, as the most important factor in achieving current and long-term goals and objectives for the political subsystem, institutions, entities and society as a whole. It also analyzes the experience of developed countries in determining the status of forecasting efficiency analysis centers through their relations with various government agencies.

The contribution of countries and world regions in global CO2 emissions as an indicator of changes in the global geo-ecological panorama

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
D. L. Lopatnikov
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Long Term Trend

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are currently considered by the UN and other authoritative international organizations engaged in monitoring changes in the Earth’s biogeosphere as one of the main indicators of the global environmental situation. According to the official Doctrine of Sustainable Development, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are one of the main causes of global warming. The article examines the dynamics of CO2 emissions by countries and regions of the world from the 1970s to the 2010s. The correlation between the volume of CO2 emissions and changes in the overall territorial distribution of the world economy has been demonstrated. Over the past fifty years, the geography of anthropogenic CO2 emissions by countries and macro-regions of the world has changed dramatically. The share of the most economically developed countries in the volume of CO2 emissions has decreased. The main epicenter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions has shifted to the countries belonging to the semi-periphery of the world. The movement of the main foci of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on the world map reflects qualitative shifts in the global geoecological panorama over the past fifty years. The dynamics and spatial transformation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an illustration of the long-term trend of the change from negative to positive through the cycle of multidirectional shifts of one of the many ecologically significant processes on Earth.

scholarly journals Economic Security Management of Insurance Services Market of Ukraine: The Theoretical Aspects and Practical Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
R. V. Kobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article is aimed at defining the theoretical aspects of managing the economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, searching for ways to develop special practical recommendations to solve the outlined problem. In the context of transformational changes and globalization metamorphoses, the issue of ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market in Ukraine is one of the priorities. The article discusses the risk factors influencing the provision of a high level of economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, analyzes the mechanisms for managing the economic security of the insurance services market. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of models of the State regulation of economic security of the insurance services market of the countries of the world, which helps to form the main emphasis on the state of development of the insurance services market of Ukraine. The practice of developed countries of the world indicates the inadmissibility of such a mechanism for ensuring economic balance as insurance premiums, and the need to focus on the formation of insurance reserves. Based on the practice of the developed countries of the world, it is advisable to summarize the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the insurance services market as a single system, monitoring of which will ensure systematic economic development, quick managerial decisions in transformational conditions and attraction of investment funds for long-term strategic planning. In addition, the article draws a parallel between ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market and the development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of a rapid change in external influence factors, involving priority mechanisms for ensuring the long-term investment development of the country. The main directions of improvement of the State regulation of economic security of insurance services market are proposed.

Emergence of Industry 4.0 Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 560-589
Author(s):  
Leyla A. Gamidullaeva ◽  
Sergey M. Vasin ◽  
Elena V. Shkarupeta ◽  
Tatyana O. Tolstykh ◽  
Alexey G. Finogeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Simply Connected

Innovations in the modern world are not simply connected with the opportunities of digital technologies but also largely based on them. This is exactly why the full-fledged successive industrial sector's digitization will become a platform for qualitative changes of the economy and long-term opportunities. Thus, the transition to digital technologies is inevitable, but from another perspective, this very transition cannot be the absolute goal. In this chapter, the authors aimed at providing a better understanding for Industry 4.0 concept and its application benefits for Russia. The main problem is how the Russian Federation acts against the economically developed countries, which are the creators of Industry 4.0. This chapter mainly focuses on presenting the authors' views on how to sustain and increase competitive advantage of the Russian Federation by catching and implementing Industry 4.0. With Industry 4.0, Russian Federation gets a bigger share of the world manufacturing value chain.

Business arrangements used by U.S. wood-based companies involved in direct foreign investment

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Bilek ◽  
Paul V. Ellefson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Conditions

Two hundred foreign investments (wholly-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures) were identified for 12 of the nation's 1981 top 20 sales-leading transnational wood-based companies. Investments were scattered over much of the world with a significant preference for developed countries (135 of the 200 foreign investments). Company executives agreed that the ability to compete in world markets would be key to a company's long-term success. Only three companies indicated foreign investments were of growing importance. Factors influencing company decisions about type of foreign investment included length of investment, developed versus developing country, social and political conditions in host country, foreign pressure to reduce equity, control of profit remittances and share of financial burden.

scholarly journals From here to sustainability

BioResources ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Martin A. Hubbe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Sustainable Technology ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World

Many readers and contributors to BioResources are working to develop sustainable technology. Such research attempts to use products of photosynthesis to meet long-term human needs with a minimum of environmental impact. Archeological and historical studies have concluded that the long-term success or failure of various past civilizations has depended, at least in part, on people’s ability to maintain the quality of the resources upon which they depended. Though it is possible for modern societies to learn from such examples, modern societies are interconnected to an unprecedented degree. It is no longer realistic to expect one region to be immune from the effects of environmental mistakes that may happen elsewhere in the world. Research related to renewable, lignocellulosic resources is urgently needed. But in addition to the research, there also needs to be discussion of hard-hitting questions, helping to minimize the chances of technological failure. The next failed civilization may be our own.

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