scholarly journals Analysis of Mercury Concentration in Honey from the Point of View of Human Body Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Fischer ◽  
Barbara Brodziak-Dopierała ◽  
Joanna Bem ◽  
Bożena Ahnert
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Health And Healing

AbstractHoney is a highly valued product due to its nutritional value, pro-health and healing properties. Pollutants from the environment penetrate into nectar, honeydew, pollen and next into bee products and can cause human exposure after ingestion. Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal to living organisms. This is why it was important to determine the level of Hg in consumed honey.The aim of this manuscript is to analyse mercury concentration in honeys collected on the territory of Poland. A total of 108 samples of honey purchased in regional apiaries and hypermarkets were tested. The concentration of Hg was analysed in various types of honey (multifloral, honeydew, linden, goldenrod, acacia, buckwheat, rapeseed, sunflower, heather, dandelion, phacelia). The values of the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI) and % Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (% PTWI) were calculated. This allowed estimating the amount of Hg taken during consumption of the tested honeys.The concentration of Hg ranged from 0.01 to 1.71 µg/kg and was 0.43 µg/kg on average. A higher concentration of Hg, which was statistically significant, was recorded in honeydew honey, then in compound honeys. Honeys produced from one raw material had the lowest concentration of Hg. There were no significant differences in the concentration of Hg depending on the origin of honey. The calculations have shown that consumption of a portion (19 g) of the tested honey per week is safe for both adults and children according to the applicable standards.

Ochratoxin A levels in plasma from inhabitants of northern Paraná, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. Rigobello ◽  
P. Leonello-Álvares e Silva ◽  
C.R.T. Yamashita ◽  
A. Lenhard-Vidal ◽  
A.T. Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Indirect Competitive Elisa ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by some fungi like Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium viridicatum, is a natural contaminant of many foods worldwide. The intake of OTA is associated with deleterious effects to humans and animals, such as nephro- and hepatotoxicity. Although there are some data about food contamination, there is lack of data about human exposure to OTA in Brazil. Therefore, current research aimed to determine the level of human exposure to OTA and, additionally, identify possible associations with biomarkers of liver and kidney damage. OTA levels were evaluated in plasma samples from 149 individuals living in the state of Paraná, Brazil, by indirect competitive ELISA using monoclonal antibody anti-OTA (cell line OTA.7). Plasma levels of OTA, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea and creatinine were submitted to Pearson's correlation test. It was possible to measure OTA levels in 54.4% of the samples (mean 734±296 pg/ml; maximum 1,585 pg/ml), with an estimated daily intake of 983-1,445 pg/kg body weight. There was no correlation between OTA plasma levels and biochemical parameters, possibly due to the low level of contamination. This is one of the first studies concerning the contamination of humans by OTA in Brazil and we conclude that the plasma levels of the evaluated population indicate an estimated weekly intake below the tolerable weekly intake derived by the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Nevertheless, additional longitudinal studies with greater regional coverage and at different seasonal periods are necessary.

Elevation of Mercury in Human Blood from Controlled Chronic Ingestion of Methylmercury in Fish

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sherlock ◽  
J. Hislop ◽  
D. Newton ◽  
G. Topping ◽  
K. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Mercury ◽  
Chronic Ingestion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mercury In Blood ◽  
Blood Mercury Concentration

1 The relationship between the intake of methylmercury in fish and mercury in blood has been investigated in man. 2 The intakes of methylmercury were carefully controlled and lay in the range 40 - 230 μg/day, the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake is equivalent to about 30 μg/day. 3 The results indicate that a daily intake of 1 μg methylmercury would, at equilibrium, produce a blood mercury concentration of 0.8 μg/kg. 4 There is a good close-to-linear correlation between methylmercury intake and blood mercury concentrations within the wide range of intakes employed.

Expanded and Practical Use of Logistic Equations in Eco-Toxicity Evaluation: Cases of Lethal Metal Toxicity Curves in Green Paramecia with Minimal-Sized Experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takaichi ◽  
◽  
Tomonori Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Logistic Equations ◽  
Toxicity Response ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Day By Day

In ecological systems, living organisms are surrounded by a number of chemicals, among which certain portion may be toxic to organisms. Therefore, from the environment-centric point of view, importance of accurate eco-toxicological analyses is increasing day-by-day. Eco-toxicity responses in animals and other organisms against chemicals can be scored by several parameters such as median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal dose (LD50), for examples. In the present study, we attempted to perform simulations of eco-toxicological nature of given chemicals based on limited data size (showing apparently incomplete curves of toxicity response) through model experiments performed with green paramecia (Paramecium bursaria) exposed to toxic metal ions, by using practically re-arranged logistic equation and Hill-type equations with an aid by graphical elucidation of Gauss-Newton algorithm determining the constants and/or coefficients.

scholarly journals Toxic Metals in Cereals in Cape Verde: Risk Assessment Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3833
Author(s):  
Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz ◽  
Soraya Paz ◽  
Ángel J. Gutiérrez ◽  
Verena Gomes Furtado ◽  
Dailos González-Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Cape Verdean ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Educational Campaigns

Consumption of cereals and cereal-based products represents 47% of the total food energy intake in Cape Verde. However, cereals also contribute to dietary exposure to metals that may pose a risk. Strengthening food security and providing nutritional information is a high-priority challenge for the Cape Verde government. In this study, toxic metal content (Cr, Ni, Sr, Al, Cd, and Pb) is determined in 126 samples of cereals and derivatives (rice, corn, wheat, corn flour, wheat flour, corn gofio) consumed in Cape Verde. Wheat flour samples stand out, with the highest Sr (1.60 mg/kg), Ni (0.25 mg/kg) and Cr (0.13 mg/kg) levels. While the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat would contribute to 13.2% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of Ni, a consumption of 100 g/day of wheat flour would contribute to 8.18% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of Cd. Results show relevant Al levels (1.17–13.4 mg/kg), with the highest level observed in corn gofio. The mean Pb average content in cereals is 0.03–0.08 mg/kg, with the highest level observed in corn gofio. Al and Pb levels are lower in cereals without husks. Without being a health risk, the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat contributes to 17.5% of the European benchmark doses lower confidence limit (BMDL) of Pb for nephrotoxic effects; the consumption of 100 g/day of corn gofio provides an intake of 1.34 mg Al/day (13.7% of the TWI) and 8 µg Pb/day (20% of the BMDL for nephrotoxic effects). A strategy to minimize the dietary exposure of the Cape Verdean population to toxic metals from cereals should consider the continuous monitoring of imported cereals on arrival in Cape Verde, the assessment of the population's total diet exposure to toxic metals and educational campaigns.

scholarly journals Bahaya Kontaminasi Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg) dalam Ikan Laut dan Upaya Pencegahan Kontaminasi pada Manusia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Izza Hananingtyas
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake

Produk pangan mentah terutama dari hasil laut memiliki tingkat pencemaran logam berat yang mengkhawatirkan akibat semakin banyaknya bahan pencemar yang masuk dalam lingkungan perairan Indonesia yang berasal dari pembuangan limbah industri di sepanjang wilayah pantai dapat menjadi sumber racun bagi kehidupan perairan. Adanya kandungan logam berat di perairan Laut Jawa, memungkinkan adanya kotaminasi pada ikan laut hasil Laut Jawa yang didistribusikan ke masyarakat. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah yang mengatur dan melindungi keamanan pangan yaitu PP Nomor 28 tahun 2004 tentang Keamanan, Mutu, dan Gizi Pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengukur kadar logam berat merkuri (Hg) pada hasil laut di Pantai Utara Jawa dan menjelaskan upaya pencegahan kontaminasi pada manusia. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Akumulasi logam berat di dalam tubuh manusia dalam jangka waktu yang lama dapat mengganggu sistem peredaran darah, urat syaraf dan kerja ginjal. Kadar rata - rata logam berat merkuri (Hg) pada ikan tongkol (Euthynnus sp.) di Pantai Utara Jawa sebesar 0,141 mg/kg. Langkah pengendalian yang dapat diterapkan untuk mencegah bahaya logam berat Hg yaitu dengan pengendalian pencemaran limbah dari industri yang berlokasi disekitar wilayah perairan Laut Utara Jawa. Upaya pencegahan akumulasi kontaminasi logam berat Hg pada manusia yaitu mengatur konsumsi ikan laut setiap harinya dengan perhitungan ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) diperoleh hasil 0,168 μg/kg BB per minggu. Akan tetapi bila konsumsi ikan seseorang melebihi rata-rata konsumsi perhari, dan weekly intake-nya melebihi PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake) yang telah ditetapkan WHO, maka dapat berefek negatif pada kesehatan.

Calculation of the Glaze Recipe for Porcelain Feldspar Products Based on their Molecular Formula Rationalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ion Teoreanu ◽  
Roxana Lucia Dumitrache ◽  
Stefania Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Material Sources

Any change of the raw material sources for glazes, economically, ecologically motivated, and also from the glaze quality point of view, is conditioned by the molecular formula rationalization and by the variation limits of the molecular formula, respectively. The proper glaze compositions are placed within their limit variation intervals with optimized processing and utilization properties. For this purpose, the rationalization criteria and procedures of molecular formulas are summarized in the present paper, as well as the results referring to their rationalization obtained in the authors� previous work. Thus, one starts from a base of raw materials that are selected, usable and also accessible for the design and producing of the glazes. On these bases the groundwork and the design equation for the glaze recipes are developed, exemplified for a single glaze. For an easy access to results, computer programs are used for an easy access to results.

The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2009
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Mirela Ahmadi ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Living Organisms

In living organisms lead is classified as potential toxic metal, and in high concentration can produce intoxication with the alteration of some vital organs, especially liver and kidney. In aquatic environment lead can be absorbed by fishes and other organisms, with different distribution in various tissues. Our aim of experiment was to verify and demonstrate the protective effect of lyophilized garlic and chlorella against bioaccumulation of lead in fishes living in aquatic environment deliberated polluted with lead. Thus, lyophilized garlic and chlorella administrated as supplements in fodder for fishes (Carassius gibelio) diminished the antagonistic effect of lead against zinc in all tested tissues: liver, kidney, heart, brain, ovary, testis, muscles myotome � epaxial, skin � with scales, gills, and intestine.

scholarly journals Potential of Probiotic Frozen Blackcurrant Products: Consumer Preference, Physicochemical Characterization, and Cell Viability

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Kati Väkeväinen ◽  
Noora Rinkinen ◽  
Roosa-Maria Willman ◽  
Jenni Lappi ◽  
Kaisa Raninen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Food Applications

Blackcurrant is a healthy, affordable, and traditionally gardened berry that, thus far, has been underused in food applications. From the consumers’ point of view, the acidic taste of blackcurrants is a challenge; therefore, these berries have mainly been utilized for sugary juice production. This research study aimed to develop a frozen vegan blackcurrant product with pleasant sensory properties and potential probiotic function. A candidate probiotic, Lactoplantibacillus plantarum Q823, was used in the manufacturing process. The physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, and consumer preference for the developed product were assessed, as was the viability of L. plantarum Q823 during storage time and in an in vitro gastrointestinal model. Consumers (n = 71) perceived the developed product to be pleasant. L. plantarum Q823 had high viability counts (log colony forming units (cfu) g−1 7.0 ± 0.38) in the final product, although the viability of L. plantarum Q823 during storage time needs to be enhanced to obtain a probiotic product. Thus, within an optimized formulation, blackcurrant berries represent a potential raw material for functional frozen food products.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Salvia hispanica L. and Salvia columbariae Benth. Varieties for Their Cultivation in Southwestern Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Samantha Jo Grimes ◽  
Filippo Capezzone ◽  
Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Seed Yields

Rising consumer attraction towards superfoods and the steadily increasing demand for healthy, environmentally sustainable, and regionally produced food products has sharpened the demand for chia. Over the course of 4 years, two early flowering chia varieties belonging to Salvia hispanica L., and Salvia columbariae Benth. Species were identified to complete their phenological development and, therefore, able to reach maturity under a photoperiod >12 h, thus enabling the cultivation of chia in central Europe—more specifically, in southwestern Germany—consistently for the first time. Results obtained by the conducted field trial in 2018 showed that chia seed yields and thousand-seed mass ranged from 284.13 to 643.99 kg ha−1 and 0.92 to 1.36 g, respectively. Further, the statistical analyses showed that the protein content of the cultivated chia varieties ranged from 22.14 to 27.78%, the mucilage content varied from 10.35 to 20.66%, and the crude oil content amounted up to 28.00 and 31.73%. Fatty acid profiles were similar to previously reported data with α-Linolenic acid being the most prominent one, ranging from 60.40 to 65.87%, and we obtained ω6:ω3 ratios between 0.2 and 0.3. In conclusion, chia could represent a promising raw material from a nutritional point of view, while being able to diversify the local food basis of southwestern Germany.

scholarly journals Changes Caused by Low Doses of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Neuro-Chemistry of Nerves Located in the Porcine Heart

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Krystyna Makowska ◽  
Slawomir Gonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heart Wall ◽  
Cholinergic Structures

Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in plastics used in the production of various everyday objects may leach from these items and contaminate food, water and air. As an endocrine disruptor, BPA negatively affects many internal organs and systems. Exposure to BPA also contributes to heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction, but many aspects connected with this activity remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of BPA in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day (in many countries such a dose is regarded as a tolerable daily intake–TDI dose of BPA–completely safe for living organisms) on the neurochemical characterization of nerves located in the heart wall using the immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results indicate that BPA (even in such a relatively low dose) increases the number of nerves immunoreactive to neuropeptide Y, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase (used here as a marker of sympathetic innervation). However, BPA did not change the number of nerves immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (used here as a marker of cholinergic structures). These observations suggest that changes in the heart innervation may be at the root of BPA-induced circulatory disturbances, as well as arrhythmogenic and/or proinflammatory effects of this endocrine disruptor. Moreover, changes in the neurochemical characterization of nerves in the heart wall may be the first sign of exposure to BPA.

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