Morphology of highly porous conducting polyaniline nanofibres synthesized in a multi-phase system

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fryczkowski ◽  
M. Gorczowska ◽  
B. Fryczkowska ◽  
J. Janicki
Keyword(s):  
Phase System ◽  
Conducting Polyaniline ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Highly Porous

scholarly journals Morphology Development and Flow Characteristics during High Moisture Extrusion of a Plant-Based Meat Analogue

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Patrick Wittek ◽  
Felix Ellwanger ◽  
Heike P. Karbstein ◽  
M. Azad Emin
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
High Moisture Extrusion

Plant-based meat analogues that mimic the characteristic structure and texture of meat are becoming increasingly popular. They can be produced by means of high moisture extrusion (HME), in which protein-rich raw materials are subjected to thermomechanical stresses in the extruder at high water content (>40%) and then forced through a cooling die. The cooling die, or generally the die section, is known to have a large influence on the products’ anisotropic structures, which are determined by the morphology of the underlying multi-phase system. However, the morphology development in the process and its relationship with the flow characteristics are not yet well understood and, therefore, investigated in this work. The results show that the underlying multi-phase system is already present in the screw section of the extruder. The morphology development mainly takes place in the tapered transition zone and the non-cooled zone, while the cooled zone only has a minor influence. The cross-sectional contraction and the cooling generate elongational flows and tensile stresses in the die section, whereas the highest tensile stresses are generated in the transition zone and are assumed to be the main factor for structure formation. Cooling also has an influence on the velocity gradients and, therefore, the shear stresses; the highest shear stresses are generated towards the die exit. The results further show that morphology development in the die section is mainly governed by deformation and orientation, while the breakup of phases appears to play a minor role. The size of the dispersed phase, i.e., size of individual particles, is presumably determined in the screw section and then stays the same over the die length. Overall, this study reveals that morphology development and flow characteristics need to be understood and controlled for a successful product design in HME, which, in turn, could be achieved by a targeted design of the extruders die section.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEKUATAN TARIK DAN IMPAK MATERIAL KOMPOSIT POLIMER DALAM APLIKASI FIBERBOAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Rezza Ruzuqi ◽  
Victor Danny Waas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
The Impact

Composite material is a material that has a multi-phase system composed of reinforcing materials and matrix materials. Causes the composite materials to have advantages in various ways such as low density, high mechanical properties, performance comparable to metal, corrosion resistance, and easy to fabricate. In the marine and fisheries industry, composite materials made from fiber reinforcement, especially fiberglass, have proven to be very special and popular in boat construction because they have the advantage of being chemically inert (both applied in general and marine environments), light, strong, easy to print, and price competitiveness. Thus in this study, tensile and impact methods were used to determine the mechanical properties of fiberglass polymer composite materials. Each test is carried out on variations in the amount of fiberglass laminate CSM 300, CSM 450 and WR 600 and variations in weight percentage 99.5% -0.5%, 99% -1%, 98.5% -1, 5%, 98% -2% and 97.5%-2.5% have been used. The results showed that the greater the number of laminates, the greater the impact strength, which was 413,712 MPa, and the more the percentage of hardener, the greater the impact strength, which was 416,487 MPa. The results showed that the more laminate the tensile strength increased, which was 87.054 MPa, and the more the percentage of hardener, the lower the tensile strength, which was 73.921 MPa.

scholarly journals Characterising the Microstructure of an Additively Built Al-Cu-Li Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5188
Author(s):  
Iris Raffeis ◽  
Frank Adjei-Kyeremeh ◽  
Uwe Vroomen ◽  
Silvia Richter ◽  
Andreas Bührig-Polaczek
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phase System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Multi Phase

Al-Cu-Li alloys are famous for their high strength, ductility and weight-saving properties, and have for many years been the aerospace alloy of choice. Depending on the alloy composition, this multi-phase system may give rise to several phases, including the major strengthening T1 (Al2CuLi) phase. Microstructure investigations have extensively been reported for conventionally processed alloys with little focus on their Additive Manufacturing (AM) characterised microstructures. In this work, the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) built microstructures of an AA2099 Al-Cu-Li alloy are characterised in the as-built (no preheating) and preheat-treated (320 °C, 500 °C) conditions using various analytical techniques, including Synchrotron High-Energy X-ray Diffraction (S-HEXRD). The observed dislocations in the AM as-built condition with no detected T1 precipitates confirm the conventional view of the difficulty of T1 to nucleate on dislocations without appropriate heat treatments. Two main phases, T1 (Al2CuLi) and TB (Al7.5Cu4Li), were detected using S-HEXRD at both preheat-treated temperatures. Higher volume fraction of T1 measured in the 500 °C (75.2 HV0.1) sample resulted in a higher microhardness compared to the 320 °C (58.7 HV0.1) sample. Higher TB volume fraction measured in the 320 °C sample had a minimal strength effect.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on the stability of quartz in a multi-phase system of kaolinite, hydrous Al (hydr)oxide and quartz

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Musa Ali ◽  
Eswaran Padmanabhan ◽  
Abubakar Mijinyawa ◽  
Mohammed Yerima Kwaya
Keyword(s):  
Phase System ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Multi Phase

The Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Multi-Phase System

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Suleiman ◽  
S.E. Gustafsson ◽  
E. Karawacki ◽  
R. Glamheden ◽  
U. Lindblom
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Multi Phase

scholarly journals Systematic Implementation of Multi-Phase Power Supply (Three to Six) Conversion System

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Al-Ammari ◽  
Atif Iqbal ◽  
Amith Khandakar ◽  
Syed Rahman ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Pulse Input ◽  
Wind Energy Generation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Multi Phase

Multiphase (more than three) power system has gained popularity due to their inherent advantages when compared to three-phase counterpart. Multiphase power supply is extensively used in AC/DC multi-pulse converters, especially supply with multiple of three-phases. AC/DC converter with multi-pulse input is a popular solution to reduce the ripple in the DC output. Single-phase and three-phase transformers and phase transformation from single to multiphase are employed in variable speed drives application to feed the multi-cell H-Bridge converters and multi-pulse AC-DC converters. Six-phase system is extensively discussed in the literature for numerous applications ranging from variable speed drives to multiphase wind energy generation system. This paper shows the systematic phase transformation technique from three-phase to six-phase (both symmetrical and asymmetrical) for both understanding and teaching purposes. Such an approach could help students understand a promising advanced concept in their undergraduate courses. When phase difference between the two consecutive phases of six phases has a phase difference of 60, it is called a symmetrical six-phase system; while an asymmetrical or quasi, six-phase has two set of three-phase with a phase shift of 30 between the two sets. Simulation and experimental results are also presented.

SELF-ORGANIZED PHASE SEGREGATION IN A DRIVEN FLOW OF DISSIMILAR PARTICLES MIXTURES

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (07) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. PANDEY ◽  
J. F. GETTRUST ◽  
RAY SEYFARTH ◽  
LUIS A. CUEVA-PARRA
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Immiscible Fluid ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Phase Scaling ◽  
Multi Phase

Self-organized patterns in an immiscible fluid mixture of dissimilar particles driven from a source at the bottom are examined as a function of hydrostatic pressure bias by a Monte Carlo computer simulation. As the upward pressure bias competes with sedimentation due to gravity, a multi-phase system emerges: a dissociating solid phase from the source is separated from a migrating gas phase towards the top by an interface of mixed (bi-continuous) phase. Scaling of solid-to-gas phase with the altitude is nonuniversal and depends on both the range of the height/depth and the magnitude of the pressure bias. Onset of phase separation and layering is pronounced at low bias range.

The chemical potential in thermodynamic systems under non-hydrostatic stresses

1968 ◽  
Vol 307 (1488) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Multiphase System ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Hydrostatic Stresses ◽  
Discontinuous Displacement ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Work Done

It is proved that a chemical potential μ v = u v – Ts v + pv v may be introduced for every chemical component v which may be considered a possible component everywhere in a multiphase system in thermodynamic equilibrium under non-hydrostatic stresses, where —3 p is the trace of the stress tensor. It is a condition of equilibrium that μ v has the same value throughout such a system and it is shown that in a virtual infinitesimal variation d U = T d S + d W + Ʃ v μ v d N v , where U, S are the total energy and entropy of the multi-phase system, and d W is the total mechanical work done on the system. At an interface between phases where a discontinuous displacement is permitted, it is shown also that μ v = u v - Ts v + P n v v , for both phases in contact at the interface, P n being the normal component of the pressure at the interface. In a system in which each phase is under a uniform stress and is connected to at least one other phase by such an interface, all phases at equilibrium must thus have the same value of p , and the normal component of the pressure at every such interface must also be p . An important example of this latter result is that of a fluid-solid system, for which, if p is the fluid pressure, the solid must be under an equal hydrostatic pressure p together with a shear stress whose principal directions are perpendicular to the normal of the interface, this new result representing a considerable restriction on the possible stress in a solid at chemical equilibrium with the fluid. The chemical potential is not assumed to exist but is introduced as an undetermined multiplier in the application of the Gibbs condition of thermodynamic equilibrium, and all its important properties are deduced. The same method may be applied more simply in hydrostatic cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document