Transcriptome analysis and physiological responses of the potato plantlets in vitro under red, blue, and white light conditions

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of yellow light (Y), green light (G), and two blue lights (B) at different wavelengths in conjunction with red light (R) on the growth and morphogenesis of potato plantlets in vitro. Randomized nodal explants were cut into 1.0–1.5 cm pieces and were grown under five different light conditions: fluorescent white light (FL); the combined spectra of R, Y, and B at 445 nm (R630B445Y); the combined spectra of R, G, and B at 445 nm (R630B445G); the combined spectra of R, Y, and B at 465 nm (R630B465Y); and the combined spectra of R, G, and B at 465 nm (R630B465G). Morphogenesis and physiological parameters were investigated. The results showed that R630B445Y and R630B465Y increased the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), stem diameter, blade number, leaf area, specific leaf weight (SLW), and the health index of potato plantlets in vitro; root activity increased significantly; and soluble sugar, soluble protein, and starch also increased. The addition of Y to the combined spectra of R and B contributed to the growth, development, and morphogenesis more than the combined spectra of R and B with G, and B at 445 nm was more effective at promoting plant growth than was B at 465 nm.

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Effects of light, agar, activated charcoal, and culture medium on the germination and early development of Dendrobium seedlings

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.04.p1528 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 557-564

Author(s):

José Carlos Sorgato ◽

Jackeline Schultz Soares ◽

Cláudia Roberta Damiani ◽

Luan Marlon Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

White Light ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Culture Media ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Dendrobium Nobile Lindl ◽

Early Seedling Development

The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal light conditions, agar concentration, and quantity of activated charcoal in asymbiotic media to improve the in vitro seed germination rate and early seedling development of the epiphytic orchids Dendrobium nobile Lindl. and Dendrobium phalaenopsis Fitzg. Two independent experiments with complete randomized designs were conducted. (1) Treatments were arranged in a split-plot scheme. Seeds in each sub-plot were exposed to one of four light conditions (dark, white fluorescent, red fluorescent + white fluorescent, or red fluorescent) and grown in one of four types of culture media (MS: Murashige and Skoog, ½ MS: half strength MS, K: Knudson C, and VW: Vacin and Went media). (2) Treatments were arranged in a 4 × 5 × 5 factorial scheme (four types of culture media: MS, ½ MS, K, and VW; five concentrations of agar: 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, or 8 g L−1; and five concentrations of activated charcoal: 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 g L−1). The highest germination rates and early seedling development were observed 45 days after seeding in the presence of white light for D. nobile and red + white light for D. phalaenopsis in MS and ½ MS culture media. Based on the findings of the present study, the use of MS and ½ MS culture media solidified with 4.0–8.0 g L−1 of agar and without activated charcoal is recommended for the optimal propagation of seeds and seedlings of these Dendrobium species.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of CORTECON: a temporal transcriptome analysis of in vitro human cerebral cortex development from human embryonic stem cells.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718478232.793498745 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Vijay Tiwari ◽

Johannes Jung

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Human Cerebral Cortex ◽

Cerebral Cortex Development

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In vitro Osmotic Stress Memory in Chrisanthemum hybridum: Structural and Physiological Responses

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v27i2.35021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lidiia Samarina ◽

Valentina Malyarovskaya ◽

Yulija Abilfazova ◽

Natalia Platonova ◽

Kristina Klemeshova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Proline Content ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Stress Memory ◽

Relative Water

Structural and physiological responses of chrysanthemum to repeated osmotic stress were studied. Plants were cultured for 2 weeks (for each stress1 and stress 2) on half MS supplemented with mannitol 100 mM (Treatment I) and 200 mM (Treatment II). First stress inhibited growth parameters stronger than second stress in treatment I. In treatment II both stress events strongly inhibited growth parameters of micro‐shoots. Proline content exceeded control 6 ‐ 8 times after 1st stress, and 2 ‐ 5 times after the 2nd stress in treatments I and II, respectively. Soluble protein was accumulated in leaves during both stress exposures, and 2 ‐ 2.5 times exceeded control after the 2nd stress. Relative water content in both treatments increased after the 2nd stress exposure. In treatment II chlorophyll а and carotenoids contents were 8.78 and 4.62 mg/g comparing to control (4.21 and 2.25 mg/g, respectively) after the 1st stress. But after the 2nd stress there was no difference with control.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(2): 161-169, 2017 (December)

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Transcriptome analysis expands the potential roles of quorum sensing in biodegradation and physiological responses to microcystin

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 771 ◽

pp. 145437

Author(s):

Yan-Hua Zeng ◽

Ke-Ke Cheng ◽

Zhong-Hua Cai ◽

Jian-Ming Zhu ◽

Xiao-Peng Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Physiological Responses

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Dual RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of chicken macrophage-like cells (HD11) infected in vitro with Eimeria tenella

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182021000111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 148 (6) ◽

pp. 712-725

Author(s):

Arnar K. S. Sandholt ◽

Feifei Xu ◽

Robert Söderlund ◽

Anna Lundén ◽

Karin Troell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Eimeria Tenella ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Chicken Macrophage

Abstract

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Elucidation of the core betalain biosynthesis pathway in Amaranthus tricolor

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85486-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Cheng Chang ◽

Yi-Ching Chiu ◽

Nai-Wen Tsao ◽

Yuan-Lin Chou ◽

Choon-Meng Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Comparative Transcriptome ◽

Amaranthus Tricolor ◽

Enzymatic Assays ◽

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Elevated Expression ◽

Green Coloration

AbstractAmaranthus tricolor L., a vegetable Amaranthus species, is an economically important crop containing large amounts of betalains. Betalains are natural antioxidants and can be classified into betacyanins and betaxanthins, with red and yellow colors, respectively. A. tricolor cultivars with varying betalain contents, leading to striking red to green coloration, have been commercially produced. However, the molecular differences underlying betalain biosynthesis in various cultivars of A. tricolor remain largely unknown. In this study, A. tricolor cultivars with different colors were chosen for comparative transcriptome analysis. The elevated expression of AmCYP76AD1 in a red-leaf cultivar of A. tricolor was proposed to play a key role in producing red betalain pigments. The functions of AmCYP76AD1, AmDODAα1, AmDODAα2, and AmcDOPA5GT were also characterized through the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, high and low L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activities of AmDODAα1 and AmDODAα2, respectively, were confirmed through in vitro enzymatic assays. Thus, comparative transcriptome analysis combined with functional and enzymatic studies allowed the construction of a core betalain biosynthesis pathway of A. tricolor. These results not only provide novel insights into betalain biosynthesis and evolution in A. tricolor but also provide a basal framework for examining genes related to betalain biosynthesis among different species of Amaranthaceae.

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Transcriptome analysis of gravitational effects on mouse skeletal muscles under microgravity and artificial 1 g onboard environment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88392-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Risa Okada ◽

Shin-ichiro Fujita ◽

Riku Suzuki ◽

Takuto Hayashi ◽

Hirona Tsubouchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Space Station ◽

Gene Expression Profiles

AbstractSpaceflight causes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength. We set two murine experimental groups in orbit for 35 days aboard the International Space Station, under artificial earth-gravity (artificial 1 g; AG) and microgravity (μg; MG), to investigate whether artificial 1 g exposure prevents muscle atrophy at the molecular level. Our main findings indicated that AG onboard environment prevented changes under microgravity in soleus muscle not only in muscle mass and fiber type composition but also in the alteration of gene expression profiles. In particular, transcriptome analysis suggested that AG condition could prevent the alterations of some atrophy-related genes. We further screened novel candidate genes to reveal the muscle atrophy mechanism from these gene expression profiles. We suggest the potential role of Cacng1 in the atrophy of myotubes using in vitro and in vivo gene transductions. This critical project may accelerate the elucidation of muscle atrophy mechanisms.

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Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus

Polysaccharides ◽

10.3390/polysaccharides2020032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 538-553

Author(s):

Natacha Coelho ◽

Alexandra Filipe ◽

Bruno Medronho ◽

Solange Magalhães ◽

Carla Vitorino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Average Pore Size ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽

Plant Culture

In vitro culture is an important biotechnological tool in plant research and an appropriate culture media is a key for a successful plant development under in vitro conditions. The use of natural compounds to improve culture media has been growing and biopolymers are interesting alternatives to synthetic compounds due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, renewability, and availability. In the present study, different culture media containing one biopolymer (chitosan, gum arabic) or a biopolymer derivative [hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)], at 100 or 1000 mg L−1, were tested regarding their influence on the growth and physiological responses of Thymus lotocephalus in vitro culture. Cellulose-based biopolymers (HEC and CMC) and gum arabic were used for the first time in plant culture media. The results showed that CMC at 100 mg L−1 significantly improved shoot elongation while chitosan, at the highest concentration, was detrimental to T. lotocephalus. Concerning only the evaluated physiological parameters, all tested biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives are safe to plants as there was no evidence of stress-induced changes on T. lotocephalus. The rheological and microstructural features of the culture media were assessed to understand how the biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to the culture medium could influence shoot growth. As expected, all media presented a gel-like behaviour with minor differences in the complex viscosity at the beginning of the culture period. Most media showed increased viscosity overtime. The surface area increased with the addition of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives to the culture media and the average pore size was considerably lower for CMC at 100 mg L−1. The smaller pores of this medium might be related to a more efficient nutrients and water uptake by T. lotocephalus shoots, leading to a significant improvement in shoot elongation. In short, this study demonstrated that the different types of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to culture medium can modify their microstructure and at the right concentrations, are harmless to T. lotocephalus shoots growing in vitro, and that CMC improves shoot length.

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