scholarly journals Natural Products as Potential Leads Against Coronaviruses: Could They be Encouraging Structural Models Against SARS-CoV-2?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. Sezer Senol Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Positive Sense

Abstract New coronavirus referred to SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) declared by WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is akin to SARS-CoV, which was the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 as well as to that of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. SARS-CoV-2 has been revealed to belong to Coronaviridiae family as a member of β-coronaviruses. It has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA with the largest RNA genome. Since its genomic sequence has a notable similarity to that of SARS-CoV, antiviral drugs used to treat SARS and MERS are now being also applied for COVID-19 treatment. In order to combat SARS-CoV-2, many drug and vaccine development studies at experimental and clinical levels are currently conducted worldwide. In this sense, medicinal plants and the pure natural molecules isolated from plants have been reported to exhibit significant inhibitory antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and other types of coronaviruses. In the present review, plant extracts and natural molecules with the mentioned activity are discussed in order to give inspiration to researchers to take these molecules into consideration against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals In vitro antiviral activity of plant extracts from Asteraceae medicinal plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
María F Visintini Jaime ◽  
Flavia Redko ◽  
Liliana V Muschietti ◽  
Rodolfo H Campos ◽  
Virginia S Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Potential of Medicinal Plants against Candida spp. Oral Biofilms: A Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Rafaela Guimarães ◽  
Catarina Milho ◽  
Ângela Liberal ◽  
Jani Silva ◽  
Carmélia Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Candida Spp

The use of natural products to promote health is as old as human civilization. In recent years, the perception of natural products derived from plants as abundant sources of biologically active compounds has driven their exploitation towards the search for new chemical products that can lead to further pharmaceutical formulations. Candida fungi, being opportunistic pathogens, increase their virulence by acquiring resistance to conventional antimicrobials, triggering diseases, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. They are also pointed to as the main pathogens responsible for most fungal infections of the oral cavity. This increased resistance to conventional synthetic antimicrobials has driven the search for new molecules present in plant extracts, which have been widely explored as alternative agents in the prevention and treatment of infections. This review aims to provide a critical view and scope of the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of several medicinal plants, revealing species with inhibition/reduction effects on the biofilm formed by Candida spp. in the oral cavity. The most promising plant extracts in fighting oral biofilm, given their high capacity to reduce it to low concentrations were the essential oils extracted from Allium sativum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Ketotifen, Indomethacin and Naproxen, Alone and in Combination, against SARS-CoV-2

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Pantea Kiani ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Thomas A. Dahl ◽  
Lauren McMann ◽  
Jacqueline M. Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Viral Yield ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

The 2019 coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is caused by infection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, the treatment options for COVID-19 are limited. The purpose of the experiments presented here was to investigate the effectiveness of ketotifen, naproxen and indomethacin, alone or in combination, in reducing SARS-CoV-2 replication. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated. The findings showed that the combination of ketotifen with indomethacin (SJP-002C) or naproxen both reduce viral yield. Compared to ketotifen alone (60% inhibition at EC50), an increase in percentage inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 to 79%, 83% and 93% was found when co-administered with 25, 50 and 100 μM indomethacin, respectively. Compared to ketotifen alone, an increase in percentage inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 to 68%, 68% and 92% was found when co-administered with 25, 50 and 100 μM naproxen, respectively. For both drug combinations the observations suggest an additive or synergistic effect, compared to administering the drugs alone. No cytotoxic effects were observed for the administered dosages of ketotifen, naproxen, and indomethacin. Further research is warranted to investigate the efficacy of the combination of ketotifen with indomethacin (SJP-002C) or naproxen in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.

scholarly journals Antiviral Potential of Selected Medicinal Herbs and Their Isolated Natural Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
W. P. R. T. Perera ◽  
Janitha A. Liyanage ◽  
K. G. C. Dissanayake ◽  
Hiruni Gunathilaka ◽  
W. M. T. D. N. Weerakoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

Viruses are responsible for a variety of human pathogenesis. Owing to the enhancement of the world population, global travel, and rapid urbanization, and infectious outbreaks, a critical threat has been generated to public health, as preventive vaccines and antiviral therapy are not available. Herbal medicines and refined natural products have resources for the development of novel antiviral drugs. These natural agents have shed light on preventive vaccine development and antiviral therapies. This review intends to discuss the antiviral activities of plant extracts and some isolated plant natural products based on mainly preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) studies. Twenty medicinal herbs were selected for the discussion, and those are commonly recognized antiviral medicinal plants in Ayurveda (Zingiber officinale, Caesalpinia bonducella, Allium sativum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ferula assafoetida, Gymnema sylvestre, Gossypium herbaceum, Phyllanthus niruri, Trachyspermum ammi, Withania somnifera, Andrographis paniculata, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, Woodfordia fruticose, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia arjuna, Azadirachta indica, and Ficus religiosa). However, many viruses remain without successful immunization and only a few antiviral drugs have been approved for clinical use. Hence, the development of novel antiviral drugs is much significant and natural products are excellent sources for such drug developments. In this review, we summarize the antiviral actions of selected plant extracts and some isolated natural products of the medicinal herbs.

Antiviral Activity of Eight Commonly Used Medicinal Plants in Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 897-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien-Chai Chiang ◽  
Hua-Yew Cheng ◽  
Mei-Chi Liu ◽  
Wen Chiang ◽  
Chun-Ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Water Extracts

In an effort to find new antiviral agents from natural products, hot water extracts of eight traditionally used medicinal plants in Taiwan were investigated in vitro for their activities against adenoviruses (ADV) and herpes simplex viruses (HSV). Results demonstrated that all extracts exhibited antiviral activity with different degrees of potency. Only two extracts were active in suppressing both HSV and ADV infections. Three extracts inhibited only ADV infection whereas one extract blocked only HSV infection. These results suggested that the aforementioned medicinal plants merit further investigation.

The Potential of Natural Diterpenes Against Tuberculosis: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2909-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadidiatou O. Ndjoubi ◽  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
Ahmed A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Research Studies

Every year, 10 million people are affected by tuberculosis (TB). Despite being a preventable and curable disease, 1.5 million people die from TB each year, making it the world’s top infectious disease. Many of the frontline antibiotics cause painful and disagreeable side effects. To mitigate the side effects from the use of chemically synthesized or clinical anti-tubercular drugs, there are many research studies focussed on natural products as a source of potential anti-tuberculosis drugs. Among different phytoconstituents, several classes of diterpenoids exert significant antimicrobial effects. This review explores diterpenoids as potential anti-tubercular drugs from natural sources. A total of 204 diterpenoids isolated from medicinal plants and marine species are discussed that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The literature from 1994-2018 is reviewed, and 158 diterpenoids from medicinal plants, as well as 40 diterpenoids from marines, are alluded to have antituberculosis properties. The antitubercular activities discussed in the review indicate that the type of diterpenoids, the Mtb strains, substituents attached to diterpenoids and their position in the diterpenoids general skeleton can change the compounds antimycobacterial inhibitory effects.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and personal protective equipment for trauma surgeons

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Trauma Surgeons

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus from the coronavirus family (1) regarded as enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses with helical symmetric nucleocapsid (2). According to the whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of coronavirus strains, a distinct clade of betacoronavirus is shown to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (3). This novel clade is called the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and due to more similarity to the SARS virus is also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The disease is known as COVID-19.

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Herbs to Combat Viral Pathogens Including SARS-CoV-2

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775
Author(s):  
Arumugam Vijaya Anand ◽  
Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan ◽  
Mohandass Kaviya ◽  
Kathirvel Bharathi ◽  
Aluru Parithathvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Important Health Issue

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most important health issue, internationally. With no specific and effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19, new or repurposed antiviral are urgently needed. Phytochemicals pose a ray of hope for human health during this pandemic, and a great deal of research is concentrated on it. Phytochemicals have been used as antiviral agents against several viruses since they could inhibit several viruses via different mechanisms of direct inhibition either at the viral entry point or the replication stages and via immunomodulation potentials. Recent evidence also suggests that some plants and its components have shown promising antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes certain phytochemical agents along with their mode of actions and potential antiviral activities against important viral pathogens. A special focus has been given on medicinal plants and their extracts as well as herbs which have shown promising results to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be useful in treating patients with COVID-19 as alternatives for treatment under phytotherapy approaches during this devastating pandemic situation.

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