scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and personal protective equipment for trauma surgeons

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Trauma Surgeons

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus from the coronavirus family (1) regarded as enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses with helical symmetric nucleocapsid (2). According to the whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of coronavirus strains, a distinct clade of betacoronavirus is shown to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (3). This novel clade is called the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and due to more similarity to the SARS virus is also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The disease is known as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Novel hepaci- and pegi-like viruses in native Australian wildlife and non-human primates

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh F Porter ◽  
John H -O Pettersson ◽  
Wei-Shan Chang ◽  
Erin Harvey ◽  
Karrie Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Ixodes Holocyclus ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
History Of

Abstract The Flaviviridae family of positive-sense RNA viruses contains important pathogens of humans and other animals, including Zika virus, dengue virus, and hepatitis C virus. The Flaviviridae are currently divided into four genera—Hepacivirus, Pegivirus, Pestivirus, and Flavivirus—each with a diverse host range. Members of the genus Hepacivirus are associated with an array of animal species, including humans, non-human primates, other mammalian species, as well as birds and fish, while the closely related pegiviruses have been identified in a variety of mammalian taxa, also including humans. Using a combination of total RNA and whole-genome sequencing we identified four novel hepaci-like viruses and one novel variant of a known hepacivirus in five species of Australian wildlife. The hosts infected comprised native Australian marsupials and birds, as well as a native gecko (Gehyra lauta). From these data we identified a distinct marsupial clade of hepaci-like viruses that also included an engorged Ixodes holocyclus tick collected while feeding on Australian long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta). Distinct lineages of hepaci-like viruses associated with geckos and birds were also identified. By mining the SRA database we similarly identified three new hepaci-like viruses from avian and primate hosts, as well as two novel pegi-like viruses associated with primates. The phylogenetic history of the hepaci- and pegi-like viruses as a whole, combined with co-phylogenetic analysis, provided support for virus-host co-divergence over the course of vertebrate evolution, although with frequent cross-species virus transmission. Overall, our work highlights the diversity of the Hepacivirus and Pegivirus genera as well as the uncertain phylogenetic distinction between.

scholarly journals Coronavirus (CoV) proteins in GtoPdb v.2021.3

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P.H. Alexander ◽  
Jonathan K. Ball ◽  
Theocharis Tsoleridis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Technical Guidance

Coronaviruses are large, often spherical, enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses, ranging in size from 80-220 nm. Their genomes and protein structures are highly conserved. Three coronaviruses have emerged over the last 20 years as serious human pathogens: SARS-CoV was identified as the causative agent in an outbreak in 2002-2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV emerged in 2012 and the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019-2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the infectious disease termed COVID-19 (WHO Technical Guidance 2020).

scholarly journals Acute Kidney Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Direct Effect of Virus on Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoocher Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Severe Respiratory Infection ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronaviruses (CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the novel coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause a severe respiratory infection which is associated with a high mortality [...]

scholarly journals A REVIEW NOVEL CORONAVIRUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
KONDAPURAM PARAMESHWAR ◽  
SAGAR PAMU ◽  
KOSIKA SANDEEP ◽  
CHINDAM SURESH
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Rna Genome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Replication Technique ◽  
Selection Of

Coronaviruses (CoVs), incorporated positive-sense RNA diseases, are depicted by the club-like spikes that adventure from their surface, an abnormally huge RNA genome, and a specific replication technique. CoVs cause a selection of diseases in mammals and birds ranging from enteritis in cows and pigs and upper respiratory sickness in chickens too possibly deadly human respiratory diseases. Here, we provide a quick presentation to CoVs talking about their replication and pathogenicity, and current avoidance and treatment techniques. We likewise mention the episodes of the profoundly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and thus the recently identify Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV).

scholarly journals COVID-19: additive manufacturing response in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Elen J Parry ◽  
Craig E Banks
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Am Processes ◽  
Regulatory Landscape

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a novel coronavirus, caused global disruption specifically in linear supply chains. Increased demand for already disrupted services led to a global shortage of medical equipment and personal protective equipment. Use of additive manufacturing (AM) processes by the manufacturing community has shown great innovation, agility and flexibility to fill supply chain gaps and meet shortfalls. In the context of contingency reaction to a global healthcare emergency, decisions have had to be made quickly, in some cases bypassing device safety regulations. This concentrated and spontaneous use of AM has highlighted the challenges and risks of such innovation, which we discuss in relation to the UK’s current regulatory landscape. We have discussed lessons learned and the potential future impact upon wider use of AM in healthcare.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular involvement in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Chenze Li ◽  
Dao Wen Wang ◽  
Chunxia Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
First Line ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Quality Reports

Abstract 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It is characterized by substantial respiratory symptoms and complicated with widespread other organ injuries. Cardiovascular impairment is one of the notable extrapulmonary manifestations, in terms of the deterioration of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases and newly onset acute events. We hereby review the high-quality reports about cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 and summarize the main clinical characteristics of cardiac relevance for the all the first line clinical physicians. Additionally, the possible underlying mechanisms and the rationale for the application of specific medications, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine are also discussed.

scholarly journals Coronavirus (CoV) proteins (version 2020.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P.H. Alexander ◽  
Jonathan K. Ball ◽  
Theocharis Tsoleridis
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
The Common

Coronaviruses are large, often spherical, enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses, ranging in size from 80-220 nm. They can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

scholarly journals Natural Products as Potential Leads Against Coronaviruses: Could They be Encouraging Structural Models Against SARS-CoV-2?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. Sezer Senol Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Positive Sense

Abstract New coronavirus referred to SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) declared by WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is akin to SARS-CoV, which was the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 as well as to that of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. SARS-CoV-2 has been revealed to belong to Coronaviridiae family as a member of β-coronaviruses. It has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA with the largest RNA genome. Since its genomic sequence has a notable similarity to that of SARS-CoV, antiviral drugs used to treat SARS and MERS are now being also applied for COVID-19 treatment. In order to combat SARS-CoV-2, many drug and vaccine development studies at experimental and clinical levels are currently conducted worldwide. In this sense, medicinal plants and the pure natural molecules isolated from plants have been reported to exhibit significant inhibitory antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and other types of coronaviruses. In the present review, plant extracts and natural molecules with the mentioned activity are discussed in order to give inspiration to researchers to take these molecules into consideration against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Prevention of COVID-19 Infection with Personal Protective Equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Noriko Shimasaki ◽  
Hideaki Morikawa ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A new infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic in Japan can be viewed as an urban disaster because transmission of this respiratory disease tends to occur in densely populated areas. A scientific understanding of the pathogen itself, the cause of the disaster (infectious disease), as well as infection control measures, are important to implement robust and appropriate countermeasures. This review discribes the features, especially the modes of transmission, of COVID-19 and the principles by which infection control is possible using one of the most effective infection control measures – personal protective equipment (PPE). Because COVID-19 is often transmitted to others by asymptomatic individuals through droplets, even those who are unaware of their infection should wear masks to prevent the spread of droplets that may contain the virus and effectively control the spread of disease. However, given the worldwide competition for masks and the urgent requirement of effective controls, it is necessary to conduct further research to establish a system that can supply adequate numbers of masks to regions where many people are infected in the country, with no shortage of masks, in order to make the country more resilient to disasters caused by infectious diseases in the future.

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